The diagram of harmonious sounds, in the level tone, the singing note is the third of the sixth tone, with the open sound being the third of the seventh tone.
Charting guides: Da Yan Yarrow Stalk Divination, Liu Yao Divination Chart
平聲闢唱呂三之六,開音清和律三之七:古甲九癸魚魚魚魚,老老老老多可個舌;一音 □□近揆魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老禾火化八;六聲 坤巧丘棄魚魚魚魚,一聲 老老老老開宰愛○;□□乾蚪魚魚魚魚,老老老老回每退○;黑花香血魚魚魚魚,老老老老良兩向○;二音 黃華雄賢魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老光廣況○;六聲 五瓦仰□魚魚魚魚,二聲 老老老老丁井亙○;吾牙月堯魚魚魚魚,老老老老兄永瑩○;安亞乙一魚魚魚魚,老老老老千典旦○;三音 □爻壬寅魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老元犬半○;六聲 母馬美米魚魚魚魚,三聲 老老老老臣引艮○;目貌眉民魚魚魚魚,老老老老君允巽○。
Two diagrams start separately. The left diagram, "Level Tone Sound with the Sixth Tone of the Third Category," uses the representative character "yu" (鱼) from the sixth tone in the level tone category as the singing character, paired with the first standard tone "gu jia jiu gui" (古甲九癸), "□□ jin kui" (□□近揆), "kun qiao qiu qi" (坤巧丘弃), "□□ qian yu" (□□乾蚪); the second tone "hei hua xiang xue" (黑花香血), "huang hua xiong xian" (黄华雄贤), "wu wa yang □" (五瓦仰□), "wu ya yue yao" (吾牙月尧); the third tone "an ya yi yi" (安亚乙一), "□ yao ren yin" (□爻壬寅), "mu ma mei mi" (母马美米), "mu mao mei min" (目貌眉民"). The right diagram, "Open Tone Clear and Harmonious Law of the Seventh Tone of the Third Category," uses the representative character "lao" (老) from the seventh tone in the water and earth tone category as the harmonizing character, paired with the first standard tone "du ke ge she" (多可个舌), "he huohua ba" (禾火化八), "kai zai ai ○" (开宰爱○), "hui mei tui ○" (回每退○); the second tone "liang liang xiang ○" (良两向○), "guang guang kuang ○" (光广况○), "ding jing gen ○" (丁井亘○), "xiong yong ying ○" (兄永莹○); the third tone "qian dian dan ○" (千典旦○), "yuan quan ban ○" (元犬半○), "chén yin gen ○" (臣引艮○), "jun yun xun ○" (君允巽○"). The two diagrams are arranged in different sequences; the left diagram reaches the sixth tone while the right diagram has already reached the seventh tone, because there are only ten categories of tones but twelve categories of sounds. Each category in the sound diagram has four lines, distinguishing clear, dull, secondary clear, and secondary dull tones. Each line in the tone diagram has four characters, dividing them into level, rising, falling, and entering tones. For example, "hui mei tui ○" (回每退○) refers to the level tone "hui" (回), the rising tone "mei" (每), the falling tone "tui" (退), and the entering tone, which has a position but no character. "Yu" (鱼) is the character representing the sixth tone of the day and star sound in the level tone category, while "lao" (老) is the character representing the seventh tone of the water and earth sound in the open tone clear category. Each occupies its own category and is not subordinate to each other.
夫法□飛魚魚魚魚,老老老老刀早孝嶽;四音 父凡□吠魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老毛寶報霍;六聲 武晚□尾魚魚魚魚,四聲 老老老老牛斗奏六;文萬□未魚魚魚魚,老老老老○○○玉;卜百丙必魚魚魚魚,老老老老妻子四日;五音 步白備鼻魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老衰○帥骨;六聲 普撲品匹魚魚魚魚,五聲 老老老老○○○德;旁排平瓶魚魚魚魚,老老老老龜水貴北;東丹帝■魚魚魚魚,老老老老宮孔眾○;六音 兌大弟■魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老龍甬用○;六聲 土貪天■魚魚魚魚,六聲 老老老老魚鼠去○;同覃田■魚魚魚魚,老老老老烏虎兔○;乃你女■魚魚魚魚,老老老老心審禁○。
Continuing from the previous two diagrams. On the left half, 「Ping Sheng Bi Chang Lv San Zhi Liu」 uses the sixth tone's 「Yu」 as the singing tone, paired with the fourth tone's 「Fu Fa □ Fei」「Fu Fan □ Fei」「Wu Wan □ Wei」「Wen Wan □ Wei」, the fifth tone's 「Bu Bai Bing Bi」「Bu Bai Bei Bi」「Pu Pu Pin Pi」「Pang Pai Ping Ping」, and the sixth tone's 「Dong Dan Di ■」「Dui Da Di ■」「Tu Tan Tian ■」「Tong Tan Tian ■」. The last line connects to the seventh tone's first line 「Nai Ni Nu ■」. On the right half, 「Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zhi Qi」 uses 「Lao」 as the harmonizing tone, paired with the fourth tone's 「Dao Zao Xiao Yue」「Mao Bao Bao Huo」「Niu Dou Zou Liu」「○○○ Yu」, the fifth tone's 「Zi Qi Si Ri」「Cui ○ Shuai Gu」「○○○ De」「Gui Shui Gui Bei」, and the sixth tone's 「Gong Kong Zhong ○」「Long Yong Yong ○」「Yu Shu Qu ○」「Wu Hu Tu ○」. The last line is the seventh tone's first line 「Xin Shen Jin ○」. On the left column, the fourth tone belongs to the light lip sounds, with the third character missing in all four lines; the fifth tone belongs to the heavy lip sounds, with all four characters complete; the sixth tone belongs to the tongue sounds, with the last character missing; the seventh tone belongs to the nasal sounds, with the last character also missing. In the right column, among the twelve lines, only three lines have all four characters complete, while the others are missing the rising tone or the level, rising, and falling tones, and are marked with 「○」 to indicate the sound position. This section consists of thirteen lines on each side, corresponding to the middle part of the two diagrams.
七音 內南年■魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老○○○十;六聲 老冷呂■魚魚魚魚,七聲 老老老老男坎欠○;鹿犖離■魚魚魚魚,老老老老○○○妾;走哉足■魚魚魚魚,老老老老●●●●;八音 自在匠■魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老●●●●;六聲 草采七■魚魚魚魚,八聲 老老老老●●●●;曹才全■魚魚魚魚,老老老老●●●●;思三星■魚魚魚魚,老老老老●●●●;九音 寺□象■魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老●●●●;六聲 □□□■魚魚魚魚,九聲 老老老老●●●●;□□□■魚魚魚魚,老老老老●●●●;■山手■魚魚魚魚,老老老老●●●●;十音 ■士石■魚魚魚魚,七音 老老老老●●●●;六聲 ■□耳■魚魚魚魚,十聲 老老老老●●●●;■□二■魚魚魚魚,老老老老●●●●。
The left half still belongs to "level tone with the third of the six in the 'Yu' sound," using the sixth tone "Yu" as the starting sound, paired with the seventh tone's later three lines "Nai Nan Nian ■," "Lao Leng Lu ■," "Lu Luo Li ■," the eighth tone "Zou Zai Zu ■," "Zi Zai Jiang ■," "Cao Cai Qi ■," "Cao Cai Quan ■," the ninth tone "Si San Xing ■," "Si ■ Xiang ■," "■ ■ ■ ■," "■ ■ ■ ■," and the tenth tone "■ Shan Shou ■," "■ Shi Shi ■," "■ ■ Er ■," "■ ■ Er ■." The right half is the conclusion of "open tone with the third of the seventh in the 'Lao' sound," using the seventh tone "Lao" as the harmonizing sound, paired with the seventh tone's later three lines "○○○ Shi," "Nan Kan Qian ○," "○○○ Qie," as well as twelve lines from the eighth, ninth, and thirteenth tones "●●●●." The diagram with "Lao" as the harmonizing sound covers ten tones and forty lines, among which only seven tones have actual characters. This section includes fifteen lines on the left and fifteen on the right; in the left column, the last two lines of the ninth tone have four characters, three of which are missing, leaving only one "■," showing that the dental fricative series is the most difficult to cite in Shao Yong's system. The sound diagram covers twelve tones and forty-eight lines, while the tone diagram covers ten tones and forty lines, resulting in unequal numbers of lines on both sides. Therefore, after the source text arranges them side by side, the same line on both sides often belongs to different diagrams. When reading this section, there is no need to require that the left and right parts of each line correspond. Instead, follow each column according to the headings of "a certain tone" and "a certain sound," reading sequentially, to restore the original two tables.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, the third of the eight clear and harmonious laws of opening sounds.
開音清和律三之八:■莊震■魚魚魚魚,草草草草多可個舌;十一音 ■乍□■魚魚魚魚,八音 草草草草禾火化八;六聲 ■叉赤■魚魚魚魚,一聲 草草草草開宰愛○;■崇辰■魚魚魚魚,草草草草回每退○;■卓中■魚魚魚魚,草草草草良兩向○;十二音 ■宅直■魚魚魚魚,八音 草草草草光廣況○;六聲 ■拆丑■魚魚魚魚,二聲 草草草草丁井亙○;■茶呈■魚魚魚魚,草草草草兄永瑩○。
On the right side, it begins with "Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zi Ba", using the representative character "cao" (grass) from the eighth tone of water and earth sounds. It pairs this with the first tone of the standard sound "duo ke ge she", "he huohua ba", "kai zai ai ", "hui mei tui " and the second tone "liang liang xiang ", "guang guang kuang ", "ding jing geng ", "xiong yong ying ". On the left side, it is the last eight lines of "Ping Sheng Pi Chang Lv San Zi Liu", using the sixth tone's representative character "yu" (fish) as the chant, paired with the eleventh tone's standard sound "zhuang zhen ", "zha ", "cha chi ", "chong chen " and the twelfth tone's standard sound "zhuo zhong ", "zhai zhi ", "che chou ", "cha cheng ". The chart using "yu" as the chant is thus completed with twelve tones and forty-eight lines. The families of "zhuang" and "zhuo" only establish the middle two levels, so the beginning and end of each line are left blank; the "cao" tone, however, has all four levels fully established, making the contrast between the two sides most clear.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, in the level tone, the sound is divided into three parts, with seven in the third part.
平聲闢唱呂三之七:古甲九癸男男男男,草草草草千典旦○;一音 □□近揆男男男男,八音 草草草草元犬半○;七聲 坤巧丘棄男男男男,三聲 草草草草臣引艮○;□□乾蚪男男男男,草草草草君允巽○;黑花香血男男男男,草草草草刀早孝嶽;二音 黃華雄賢男男男男,八音 草草草草毛寶報霍;七聲 五瓦仰□男男男男,四聲 草草草草牛斗奏六;吾牙月堯男男男男,草草草草○○○玉;安亞乙一男男男男,草草草草妻子四日;三音 □爻壬寅男男男男,八音 草草草草衰○帥骨;七聲 母馬美米男男男男,五聲 草草草草○○○德;目貌眉民男男男男,草草草草龜水貴北。
"Level tone 'Bi Chang Lv San Zi Qi' starts anew, using the representative character 'Nan' for the seventh tone in the level tone 'Bi' position, paired with the first standard tone 'Gu Jia Jiu Gui', '□□ Jin Kui', 'Kun Qiao Qiu Qi', '□□ Qian Duo', the second tone 'He Hua Xiang Xue', 'Huang Hua Xiong Xian', 'Wu Wa Yang □', 'Wu Ya Yue Yao', and the third tone 'An Ya Yi Yi', '□ Yao Ren Yin', 'Mu Ma Mei Mi', 'Mu Mao Mei Min'; in the lines '□□ Jin Kui', '□□ Qian Duo', 'Wu Wa Yang □', the '□' characters all have phonetic positions but no corresponding characters. The right half remains 'Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zi Ba', using the eighth tone 'Shui Tu Yin' 'Cao' for harmony, paired with the third standard tone 'Qian Dian Dan ○', 'Yuan Quan Ban ○', 'Chen Yin Gen ○', 'Jun Yun Xun ○', the fourth tone 'Dao Zao Xiao Yue', 'Mao Bao Bao Huo', 'Niu Dou Zou Liu', '○○○ Yu', and the fifth tone 'Zi Qi Si Ri', 'Shuai ○ Shuai Gu', '○○○ De', 'Gui Shui Gui Bei'. The twelve lines on the right are arranged in order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones, with the last line of the fourth tone '○○○ Yu' having only entering tone characters, and the fifth tone line 'Shuai ○ Shuai Gu' missing the rising tone. The left column has three categories of standard tones, each with four lines, divided into clear, dull, secondary clear, and secondary dull tones, with four characters in each line from the first to fourth tone classes.
夫法□飛男男男男,草草草草宮孔眾○;四音 父凡□吠男男男男,八音 草草草草龍甬用○;七聲 武晚□尾男男男男,六聲 草草草草魚鼠去○;文萬□未男男男男,草草草草烏虎兔○;卜百丙必男男男男,草草草草心審禁○;五音 步白備鼻男男男男,八音 草草草草○○○十;七聲 普撲品匹男男男男,七聲 草草草草男坎欠○;旁排平瓶男男男男,草草草草○○○妾;東丹帝■男男男男,草草草草●●●●;六音 兌大弟■男男男男,八音 草草草草●●●●;七聲 土貪天■男男男男,八聲 草草草草●●●●;同覃田■男男男男,草草草草●●●●;乃你女■男男男男,草草草草●●●●。
Continuing "Ping Sheng Bi Chang Lv San Zhi Qi". The left half uses the seventh tone "Nan" as the starting sound, paired with the fourth tone "Fu Fa □ Fei", "Fu Fan □ Fei", "Wu Wan □ Wei", "Wen Wan □ Wei", the fifth tone "Bu Bai Bing Bi", "Bu Bai Bei Bi", "Pu Pu Pin Pi", "Pang Pai Ping Ping", and the sixth tone "Dong Dan Di ■", "Dui Da Di ■", "Tu Tan Tian ■", "Tong Tan Tian ■", with the last line being the seventh tone's first line "Nai Ni Nu ■". The right half belongs to "Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zhi Ba", using "Cao" as the harmonizing sound, paired with the sixth tone "Gong Kong Zhong ○", "Long Yong Yong ○", "Yu Shu Qu ○", "Wu Hu Tu ○", the seventh tone "Xin Shen Jin ○", "○○○ Shi", "Nan Kan Qian ○", "○○○ Qie"; below that, the eighth tone's four lines and the ninth tone's first line are all "●●●●", indicating places where tone positions are not established. The left column's fourth tone belongs to the light lip sounds, the fifth tone to the heavy lip sounds, the sixth tone to the tongue sounds, and the seventh tone to the nasal sounds. From the sixth tone onward, the end of each line has no sound. The seventh tone only has characters for "Xin", "Shen", "Jin", "Shi", "Nan", "Kan", "Qian", and "Qie", the rest are empty. Shao Yong distinguishes between "○" and "●", indicating the difference between having a sound without a character and having neither a sound nor a character. The right column's fourth line of the sixth tone ends with "○", which is similar in appearance to the "●" in the eighth tone and below, but they refer to entirely different things.
七音 內南年■男男男男,八音 草草草草●●●●;七聲 老冷呂■男男男男,九聲 草草草草●●●●;鹿犖離■男男男男,草草草草●●●●;走哉足■男男男男,草草草草●●●●;八音 自在匠■男男男男,八音 草草草草●●●●;七聲 草采七■男男男男,十聲 草草草草●●●●;曹才全■男男男男,草草草草●●●●。
It still belongs to the category of 'level tone with the third tone of the 'Pí Chàng Lǚ Sān' pattern'. The left half uses the seventh tone 'Nán' as the leading tone, paired with the seventh tone's last three lines 'Nèi Nán Nián ■', 'Lǎo Lěng Lǚ ■', 'Lù Luò Lí ■' and the eighth tone's four lines 'Zǒu Zāi Zú ■', 'Zì Zài Jiàng ■', 'Cǎo Cǎi Qī ■', 'Cáo Cái Quán ■', with each line ending in an unpronounced '■'. The right half concludes the 'Kāi Yīn Qīng Hé Lǜ Sān Zhī Bā' pattern, using the eighth tone 'Cǎo' as the harmonizing tone, paired with the ninth tone's last three lines and the tenth tone's four lines, totaling seven lines all marked as '●●●●'. The diagram using 'Cǎo' as the harmonizing tone completes ten tones and forty lines. The seventh tone belongs to the nasal 'Lái' system, and the eighth tone belongs to the dental 'Tóu' system; these two categories only establish the first three levels here, with the ending marked by '■' to preserve the pattern.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, the third section of the clear and harmonious law of opening sounds, number nine.
開音清和律三之九:思三星■男男男男,□□□□多可個舌;九音 寺□象■男男男男,九音 □□□□禾火化八;七聲 □□□■男男男男,一聲 □□□□開宰愛○;□□□■男男男男,□□□□回每退○;■山手■男男男男,□□□□良兩向○;十音 ■士石■男男男男,九音 □□□□光廣況○;七聲 ■□耳■男男男男,二聲 □□□□丁井亙○;■□二■男男男男,□□□□兄永瑩○;■莊震■男男男男,□□□□千典旦○;十一音 ■乍□■男男男男,九音 □□□□元犬半○;七聲 ■叉赤■男男男男,三聲 □□□□臣引艮○;■崇辰■男男男男,□□□□君允巽○。
On the right side, it begins again with "Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zhi Jiū". The tone being harmonized is the ninth tone of water and earth tones. This tone has a tonal position but no character can be cited, so the general chart writes it as "□□□□". It is paired with the first tone of the standard tone "Du Ke Ge She", "He Huo Hua Ba", "Kai Zai Ai ○", "Hui Mei Tui ○"; the second tone "Liang Liang Xiang ○", "Guang Guang Kuang ○", "Ding Jing Gen ○", "Xiong Yong Ying ○"; and the third tone "Qian Dian Dan ○", "Yuan Quan Ban ○", "Chen Yin Gen ○", "Jun Yun Xun ○". On the left side, it remains at "Ping Sheng Pi Chang Lv San Zhi Qi", using the seventh tone "Nan" as the singing tone, paired with the ninth tone of the standard tone "Si San Xing ■", "Si □ Xiang ■", "□□□ ■", "□□□ ■"; the tenth tone "■ Shan Shou ■", "■ Shi Shi ■", "■ □ Er ■", "■ □ Er ■"; and the eleventh tone "■ Zhuang Zhen ■", "■ Zha □ ■", "■ Cha Chi ■", "■ Chong Chen ■". The difference between "□" and "■" is that the former has a tonal position but lacks a character, while the latter does not even establish a tonal position. The four-character entries on the right side are arranged in the order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones; on the left side, as it moves toward the dental tones, the number of characters that can be cited decreases, yet the grid positions still need to be fully filled, without omitting any due to lack of characters. In the last two rows after the ninth tone, three out of the four positions are missing, and in the tones following the tenth, the first position has no tone, making it even more sparse.
■卓中■男男男男,□□□□刀早孝嶽;十二音 ■宅直■男男男男,九音 □□□□毛寶報霍;七聲 ■拆丑■男男男男,四聲 □□□□牛斗奏六;■茶呈■男男男男,□□□□○○○玉。
"The level tone 'Ping' is divided into three parts of seven tones" ends here: the left half uses the seventh tone "Nan" as the singing tone, paired with the twelfth tone's four lines "■ Zhuo Zhong ■", "■ Zhai Zhi ■", "■ Che Chou ■", "■ Cha Cheng ■", with the first character of each line being an unpronounced "■". The right half belongs to "Open tone clear and harmonious law three of nine", using the soundless "□□□□" as the harmony, paired with the fourth tone's four lines "Dao Zao Xiao Yue", "Mao Bao Bao Huo", "Niu Dou Zou Liu", "○○○ Yu", with the last line only having the entering tone "Yu" with a character, while the level, rising, and falling tones are represented by "○" to indicate their positions.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, for level tones: the third tone is divided into eight parts.
平聲闢唱呂三之八:古甲九癸●●●●,□□□□妻子四日;一音 □□近揆●●●●,九音 □□□□衰○帥骨;八聲 坤巧丘棄●●●●,五聲 □□□□○○○德;□□乾蚪●●●●,□□□□龜水貴北;黑花香血●●●●,□□□□宮孔眾○;二音 黃華雄賢●●●●,九音 □□□□龍甬用○;八聲 五瓦仰□●●●●,六聲 □□□□魚鼠去○;吾牙月堯●●●●,□□□□烏虎兔○;安亞乙一●●●●,□□□□心審禁○;三音 □爻壬寅●●●●,九音 □□□□○○○十;八聲 母馬美米●●●●,七聲 □□□□男坎欠○;目貌眉民●●●●,□□□□○○○妾。
"Level tone 'Ping' is divided into three parts of eight tones." A new section begins. The tones sung are the eighth tone of the day and star tones. This tone originally has no sound to be pronounced, so the singing position diagram shows "●●●●". It is then sequentially paired with the first tone of the correct tone "Ancient Jia and ninth Gui", "□□ near揆", "Kun clever hill and discard", "□□ Qian and蚪", the second tone "Black flower fragrant blood", "Yellow flower strong virtue", "Five wa look up □", "I tooth moon Yao", the third tone "An Ya Yi one", "□ yao Ren Yin", "Mother horse beautiful rice", "Eye appearance eyebrow people". The right half remains "Open tone clear and harmonious law three of nine", with the harmonizing part being "□□□□" without characters. It is paired with the fifth tone "Spouse four days", "Decline ○ general bone", "○○○ virtue", "Turtle water noble north", the sixth tone "Palace Kong crowd ○", "Dragon Yong use ○", "Fish mouse go ○", "Crow tiger rabbit ○", the seventh tone "Heart review prohibition ○", "○○○ ten", "Male Kan lack ○", "○○○ concubine". In the right column, the fifth tone has four complete lines, the sixth tone has four lines with the last character missing, and the seventh tone has half of the characters. In the left column, the first tone belongs to the dental sound, the second tone belongs to the pharyngeal and dental浊 sound, and the third tone belongs to the shadow and喻 sound and the lip and nasal series. Each category has four lines divided into clear,浊, secondary clear, and secondary浊. The two lines "□□ near揆" and "□□ Qian and蚪" have the first two characters missing, indicating that there is a sound position but no corresponding character in the world.
夫法□飛●●●●,□□□□●●●●;四音 父凡□吠●●●●,九音 □□□□●●●●;八聲 武晚□尾●●●●,八聲 □□□□●●●●;文萬□未●●●●,□□□□●●●●;卜百丙必●●●●,□□□□●●●●;五音 步白備鼻●●●●,九音 □□□□●●●●;八聲 普撲品匹●●●●,九聲 □□□□●●●●;旁排平瓶●●●●,□□□□●●●●;東丹帝■●●●●,□□□□●●●●;六音 兌大弟■●●●●,九音 □□□□●●●●;八聲 土貪天■●●●●,十聲 □□□□●●●●;同覃田■●●●●,□□□□●●●●。
Continuing "Level Tone 'Bi Chang Lu San Zhi Ba'". The left half uses the eighth tone "●●●●" as the chant, paired with the fourth tone "Fu Fa □ Fei", "Fu Fan □ Fei", "Wu Wan □ Wei", "Wen Wan □ Wei", the fifth tone "Bu Bai Bing Bi", "Bu Bai Bei Bi", "Pu Pu Pin Pi", "Pang Pai Ping Ping", and the sixth tone "Dong Dan Di ■", "Dui Da Di ■", "Tu Tan Tian ■", "Tong Tan Tian ■". The right half is the latter part of "Open Tone Qing He Lu San Zhi Jiu", using "□□□□" as the harmony, paired with the eighth, ninth, and thirteenth tones, totaling twelve lines, all marked as "●●●●". In this section, there is no sound and no character, and both sides are empty positions; however, in Shao Yong's calculation, empty positions are also included first. After arranging all the correct tones (160 positions) and correct characters (192 lines), the empty positions are subtracted to obtain the actual number of tones (112) and characters (152). This is exactly what the small note at the beginning of this section refers to. The fourth tone on the left has four lines, with the third position in each line marked as "□", the fifth tone has four complete lines, and the sixth tone has no character at the end. Each line is arranged in order of clear,浊, secondary clear, and secondary浊, with the four characters in each line ranging from first to fourth tone. This section, with twelve lines on each side, corresponds to the latter half of the two diagrams.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, the third of ten for the clear and harmonious law of opening sounds.
開音清和律三之十:乃你女■●●●●,■■■■多可個舌;七音 內南年■●●●●,十音 ■■■■禾火化八;八聲 老冷呂■●●●●,一聲 ■■■■開宰愛○;鹿犖離■●●●●,■■■■回每退○;走哉足■●●●●,■■■■良兩向○;八音 自在匠■●●●●,十音 ■■■■光廣況○;八聲 草采七■●●●●,二聲 ■■■■丁井亙○;曹才全■●●●●,■■■■兄永瑩○;思三星■●●●●,■■■■千典旦○;九音 寺□象■●●●●,十音 ■■■■元犬半○;八聲 □□□■●●●●,三聲 ■■■■臣引艮○;□□□■●●●●,■■■■君允巽○。
The right half begins with "Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Shi" (Opening Sound, Clear and Harmonious Tone, Third Category, Tenth Tone), using the tenth tone of water and earth sounds as the harmonious tone; since there is no actual tenth tone, the general chart uses "■■■■". It is paired with the first standard tone "Du Ke Ge She", "He Huo Hua Ba", "Kai Zai Ai ○", "Hui Mei Tui ○", the second tone "Liang Liang Xiang ○", "Guang Guang Kuang ○", "Ding Jing Gen ○", "Xiong Yong Ying ○", and the third tone "Qian Dian Dan ○", "Yuan Quan Ban ○", "Chen Yin Gen ○", "Jun Yun Xun ○". The left half remains under "Ping Sheng Pi Chang Lu San Ba" (Level Tone, Separate Singing, Third Category, Eighth Tone), using the eighth tone's "●●●●" as the singing tone, paired with the seventh tone "Nai Ni Nu ■", "Nei Nan Nian ■", "Lao Leng Lu ■", "Lu Luo Li ■", the eighth tone "Zou Zai Zu ■", "Zi Zai Jiang ■", "Cao Cai Qi ■", "Cao Cai Quan ■", and the ninth tone "Si San Xing ■", "Si □ Xiang ■", "□□□ ■", "□□□ ■". The right column's twelve lines, although they have characters, the tones they harmonize with are empty, so each line's first four characters in the general chart are marked with "■". The left column's three categories end without tones, and the last two lines of the ninth tone only have one "□". The singers have no sound, the harmonizers have no tone, both sides are empty, yet the number of grids remains unchanged. The four-character lines in the right column still follow the order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones, for example, "Liang Liang Xiang ○" corresponds to level "Liang", rising "Liang", falling "Xiang", and entering tone has a position but no character.
■山手■●●●●,■■■■刀早孝嶽;十音 ■士石■●●●●,十音 ■■■■毛寶報霍;八聲 ■□耳■●●●●,四聲 ■■■■牛斗奏六;■□二■●●●●,■■■■○○○玉;■莊震■●●●●,■■■■妻子四日;十一音 ■乍□■●●●●,十音 ■■■■衰○帥骨;八聲 ■叉赤■●●●●,五聲 ■■■■○○○德;■崇辰■●●●●,■■■■龜水貴北;■卓中■●●●●,■■■■宮孔眾○;十二音 ■宅直■●●●●,十音 ■■■■龍甬用○;八聲 ■拆丑■●●●●,六聲 ■■■■魚鼠去○;■茶呈■●●●●,■■■■烏虎兔○。
"The level tone 'Ping' corresponds to the third of the eight tones in the 'Lu' scale." The left half uses the eighth tone "●●●●" as the singing tone, paired with the first tone "■ mountain hand ■", "■ man stone ■", "■ ear ■", "■ two ■", the second tone "■ Zhuang Zhen ■", "■ Zha ■", "■ cha red ■", "■ Chong Chen ■", and the third tone "■ Zhuo Zhong ■", "■ Zhai Zhi ■", "■ Che Chou ■", "■ Cha Cheng ■". The first character of each of these three categories is silent. The right half belongs to the "open tone clear and harmonious law three of ten", using the silent "■■■■" as the harmonizing tone, paired with the fourth tone "knife early filial piety mountain", "hair treasure report Huo", "ox star performance six", "○○○ jade", the fifth tone "wife four day", "decline ○ general bone", "○○○ virtue", "turtle water noble north", and the sixth tone "palace Kong crowd ○", "dragon Yong use ○", "fish mouse go ○", "crow tiger rabbit ○". The left column's three categories contain only the middle two characters, differing greatly from the previous nine tones with four characters each. The fourth tone on the right column's last line only has the character "jade" for the entering tone, the fifth tone "decline ○ general bone" is missing the rising tone, and the last character of each line in the sixth tone is all "○". Pairing the silent positions with the voiced characters still forms a complete line, which is the reason why the singing and harmonizing diagram must be fully filled.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, level tone (ping sheng) corresponds to the third of the nine tones (bi chang lv san zhi jiu).
平聲闢唱呂三之九:古甲九癸●●●●,■■■■心審禁○;一音 □□近揆●●●●,十音 ■■■■○○○十;九聲 坤巧丘棄●●●●,七聲 ■■■■男坎欠○;□□乾蚪●●●●,■■■■○○○妾;黑花香血●●●●,■■■■●●●●;二音 黃華雄賢●●●●,十音 ■■■■●●●●;九聲 五瓦仰□●●●●,八聲 ■■■■●●●●;吾牙月堯●●●●,■■■■●●●●;安亞乙一●●●●,■■■■●●●●;三音 □爻壬寅●●●●,十音 ■■■■●●●●;九聲 母馬美米●●●●,九聲 ■■■■●●●●;目貌眉民●●●●,■■■■●●●●。
"The level tone 'Ping' is divided into three parts, with the third part being 'Bu Chang Lv San Zhi Jiū'. The singing is based on the ninth tone of the day star, which has a position but no sound, and the singing position is generally marked as '●●●●'. It is then sequentially paired with the first tone of the correct sound: 'Gu Jia Jiū Gui', '□□ Jin Kui', 'Kun Qiao Qiu Qi', '□□ Qian Yu'; the second tone: 'He Hua Xiang Xue', 'Huang Hua Xiong Xian', 'Wu Wa Yang □', 'Wu Ya Yue Yao'; and the third tone: 'An Ya Yi Yi', '□ Yao Ren Yin', 'Mu Ma Mei Mi', 'Mu Mao Mei Min'. The right half is the latter part of 'Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zhi Shi', with the soundless '■■■■' as the harmony. It first pairs with the seventh tone of the correct sound: 'Xin Shen Jin ○', '○○○ Shi', 'Nan Kan Qian ○', '○○○ Qie'; then pairs with the eighth and ninth tones together, totaling eight lines marked as '●●●●'. On the left side, there are three categories of correct sounds, each with four lines, arranged in order of clear, dull, slightly clear, and slightly dull tones. Within each line, the four characters are graded from first to fourth tone, such as 'Gu Jia Jiū Gui' which corresponds to first tone 'Gu', second tone 'Jia', third tone 'Jiu', and fourth tone 'Gui'. Among the eight positions of the seventh tone on the right side, only five have characters, while the rest are marked with '○' to indicate their positions. The eighth and ninth tones have neither sound nor position, so they are marked with '●' in the book. The singer has no sound, and the harmonizer also has no sound, so both sides are empty within a section. However, the number of lines cannot be reduced, as reducing them would result in an incorrect number of sounds that should be multiplied together."
夫法□飛●●●●,■■■■●●●●;四音 父凡□吠●●●●,十音 ■■■■●●●●;九聲 武晚□尾●●●●,十聲 ■■■■●●●●;文萬□未●●●●,■■■■●●●●。
It is still "Ping Sheng Bi Chang Lv San Zhi Jiu", using the ninth tone "●●●●" as the chant, paired with the fourth tone of the standard sound, four lines "Fu Fa □ Fei", "Fu Fan □ Fei", "Wu Wan □ Wei", "Wen Wan □ Wei", with the third character in each line marked as "□", which has a phonetic position but no character. The right half is the last part of "Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zhi Shi", using the silent "■■■■" as the harmony, paired with the tenth tone of the standard sound, also with four lines all marked as "●●●●".
The diagram of harmonious sounds, "Opening Clear Harmony Law Three, Number Eleven"
開音清和律三之十一:卜百丙必●●●●,■■■■多可個舌;五音 步白備鼻●●●●,十一音 ■■■■禾火化八;九聲 普撲品匹●●●●,一聲 ■■■■開宰愛○;旁排平瓶●●●●,■■■■回每退○;東丹帝■●●●●,■■■■良兩向○;六音 兌大弟■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■光廣況○;九聲 土貪天■●●●●,二聲 ■■■■丁井亙○;同覃田■●●●●,■■■■兄永瑩○;乃你女■●●●●,■■■■千典旦○;七音 內南年■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■元犬半○;九聲 老冷呂■●●●●,三聲 ■■■■臣引艮○;鹿犖離■●●●●,■■■■君允巽○。
On the right side, it begins with "Kai Yin Qing He Lu San Zhi Shiyi", using the eleventh tone of water and earth sounds as the harmonious tone; this tone originally has no actual sound, so it is written as "■■■■". The corresponding tones are the first tone of the standard sound: "Du Ke Ge She", "He Huo Hua Ba", "Kai Zai Ai ", "Hui Mei Tui "; the second tone: "Liang Liang Xiang ", "Guang Guang Kuang ", "Ding Jing Gen ", "Xiong Yong Ying "; the third tone: "Qian Dian Dan ", "Yuan Quan Ban ", "Chen Yin Gen ", "Jun Yun Xun ". On the left side, it remains under "Ping Sheng Pi Chang Lv San Zhi Ji", using the ninth tone's "●●●●" as the singing tone, paired with the fifth tone of the standard sound: "Bu Bai Bing Bi", "Bu Bai Bei Bi", "Pu Pu Pin Pi", "Pang Pai Ping Ping"; the sixth tone: "Dong Dan Di ", "Dui Da Di ", "Tu Tan Tian ", "Tong Tan Tian "; the seventh tone: "Nai Ni Nu ", "Nei Nan Nian ", "Lao Leng Lv ", "Lu Luo Li ". The four-character lines on the right side are arranged in order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones, such as "Liang Liang Xiang " which corresponds to level "Liang", rising "Liang", falling "Xiang", and entering tone which has a position but no character. On the left side, the fifth tone belongs to the heavy lip sounds, with all four positions complete; the sixth tone belongs to the tongue sounds, and the seventh tone belongs to the nasal and lateral sounds, with the last positions of both categories having no sound. By matching the positions without sound with the tones with characters, it is clear that this diagram emphasizes the grid positions rather than the actual sounds.
走哉足■●●●●,■■■■刀早孝嶽;八音 自在匠■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■毛寶報霍;九聲 草采七■●●●●,四聲 ■■■■牛斗奏六;曹才全■●●●●,■■■■○○○玉;思三星■●●●●,■■■■妻子四日;九音 寺□象■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■衰○帥骨;九聲 □□□■●●●●,五聲 ■■■■○○○德;□□□■●●●●,■■■■龜水貴北;■山手■●●●●,■■■■宮孔眾○;十音 ■士石■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■龍甬用○;九聲 ■□耳■●●●●,六聲 ■■■■魚鼠去○;■□二■●●●●,■■■■烏虎兔○;■莊震■●●●●,■■■■心審禁○。
Continuing "Ping Sheng Bi Chang Lv San Zhi Jiu". The left half uses the ninth tone "●●●●" as the chant, paired with the eighth tone "Zou Zai Zu ■", "Zi Zai Jiang ■", "Cao Cai Qi ■", "Cao Cai Quan ■", the ninth tone "Si San Xing ■", "Si □ Xiang ■", "□□□ ■", "□□□ ■", and the tenth tone "■ Shan Shou ■", "■ Shi Shi ■", "■□ Er ■", "■□ Er ■", with the last line connecting to the eleventh tone's first line "■ Zhuang Zhen ■". The right half belongs to "Kai Yin Qing He Lv San Zhi Shiyi", using the silent "■■■■" as the harmony, paired with the fourth tone "Dao Zao Xiao Yue", "Mao Bao Bao Huo", "Niu Dou Zou Liu", "○○○ Yu", the fifth tone "Zi Qi Si Ri", "Cui ○ Shuai Gu", "○○○ De", "Gui Shui Gui Bei", the sixth tone "Gong Kong Zhong ○", "Long Yong Yong ○", "Yu Shu Qu ○", "Wu Hu Tu ○", and the last line is the seventh tone's first line "Xin Shen Jin ○". The eighth tone on the left belongs to the dental initial, the ninth tone belongs to the dental fricative, and the tenth tone belongs to the clear dental and the initial of the day. After the ninth tone, the last two lines have three missing characters, and the first position of the tenth tone is silent. This section has thirteen lines on each side, corresponding to the middle part of a diagram. The chant and the harmony each follow their order without confusion. On the right side, the fourth tone has three complete lines, the fifth tone is missing the rising tone, and the sixth tone has four lines with the last character missing.
十一音 ■乍□■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■○○○十;九聲 ■叉赤■●●●●,七聲 ■■■■男坎欠○;■崇辰■●●●●,■■■■○○○妾;■卓中■●●●●,■■■■●●●●;十二音 ■●●●●,十一音 ■■■■●●●●;九聲 ■拆丑■●●●●,八聲 ■■■■●●●●;■茶呈■●●●●,■■■■●●●●。
"The level tone 'Ping' is paired with the third tone 'Bi', the third of the nine tones." Up to this point, the pairing is complete. The left half uses the ninth tone's "●●●●" as the main tone, paired with the eleventh tone's last three lines "■乍□■", "■叉赤■", "■崇辰■" and the twelfth tone's "■卓中■", "■", "■拆丑■", "■茶呈■"; the second line of the twelfth tone in another diagram is "■宅直■", but in this version, only "■" remains, with the middle two characters missing. The right half continues from "Opening tone 'Kai' with clear and harmonious law, the third of the eleventh tones," using the silent "■■■■" as the accompanying tone, paired with the seventh tone's last three lines "○○○十", "男坎欠○", "○○○妾" and the eighth tone's four lines "●●●●".
The diagram of harmonious sounds, level tone, the third of the ten for the musical scale of Ping Sheng.
平聲闢唱呂三之十:古甲九癸●●●●,■■■■●●●●;一音 □□近揆●●●●,十一音 ■■■■●●●●;十聲 坤巧丘棄●●●●,九聲 ■■■■●●●●;□□乾蚪●●●●,■■■■●●●●;黑花香血●●●●,■■■■●●●●;二音 黃華雄賢●●●●,十一音 ■■■■●●●●;十聲 五瓦仰□●●●●,十聲 ■■■■●●●●;吾牙月堯●●●●,■■■■●●●●。
"The level tone 'Ping' is paired with the third tone of the tenth sound, starting a new diagram. The sound sung is the tenth tone of the 'Day Star' sound, which has no sound and no character, and the entire diagram is marked as '●●●●'. It first pairs with the first tone of the correct sound, four lines: 'Ancient Jia nine Gui', '□□ near揆', 'Kun skill Qiu discard', '□□ Qian蚪'. Then it pairs with the second tone of the correct sound, four lines: 'Black flower fragrant blood', 'Yellow flower strong virtuous', 'Five Wa look up □', 'Wu ya moon Yao'. The right half is the conclusion of 'Opening tone clear harmony law third of the eleventh', ending with the silent '■■■■' as harmony, paired with the ninth and tenth tones of the correct sound, totaling eight lines, all marked as '●●●●'. The diagram ending with the eleventh tone is now fully paired with ten tones and forty lines. The left column has four lines of the two types of correct tones, roughly complete, corresponding to the empty sound position; the right column has both sound and tone empty, with no character to cite throughout, yet the number of lines must still be filled out to show the number of forty lines for ten tones."
The diagram of sound resonance · the third of twelve clear and harmonious laws of opening sounds
開音清和律三之十二:安亞乙一●●●●,■■■■多可個舌;三音 □爻王寅●●●●,十二音 ■■■■禾火化八;十聲 母馬美米●●●●,一聲 ■■■■開宰愛○;目貌眉民●●●●,■■■■回每退○;夫法□飛●●●●,■■■■良兩向○;四音 父凡□吠●●●●,十二音 ■■■■光廣況○;十聲 武晚□尾●●●●,二聲 ■■■■丁井亙○;文萬□未●●●●,■■■■兄永瑩○;卜百丙必●●●●,■■■■千典旦○;五音 步白備鼻●●●●,十二音 ■■■■元犬半○;十聲 普撲品匹●●●●,三聲 ■■■■臣引艮○;旁排平瓶●●●●,■■■■君允巽○。
The right half begins anew with "Kaiyin Qinghe Law Three, Twelfth," using the twelfth tone of water and earth sounds as the harmonious tone; this tone originally has no actual sound, so it is marked as "■■■■." The corresponding tones are the first tone of the standard sound "Duo ke ge she," "He huohua ba," "Kai zai ai ○," "Hui mei tui ○," the second tone "Liang liang xiang ○," "Guang guang kuang ○," "Ding jing gen ○," "Xiong yong ying ○," and the third tone "Qian dian dan ○," "Yuan quan ban ○," "Chen yin gen ○," "Jun yun xun ○." The left half remains under "Pingsheng Bi Chang Lv Three, Tenth," using the tenth tone "●●●●" as the chant, paired with the third tone of the standard sound "An ya yi yi," "□ yao wang yin," "Mu ma mei mi," "Mu mao mei min," the fourth tone "Fu fa □ fei," "Fu fan □ fei," "Wu wan □ wei," "Wen wan □ wei," and the fifth tone "Bu bai bing bi," "Bu bai bei bi," "Pu pu pin pi," "Pang pai ping ping." In the second line of the third tone on the right, it is written as "□ yao ren yin," but here "ren" is mistakenly written as "wang." The four-character entries in the right column are arranged in the order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones. The left column's third tone belongs to the shadow and yu sounds and the lip and nasal series, the fourth tone belongs to the light lip series, and the fifth tone belongs to the heavy lip series; in the light lip series, the third character in each of the four lines is "□," indicating the existence of a phonetic position but no corresponding character. This passage contains thirteen lines on each side.
東丹帝■●●●●,■■■■刀早孝嶽;六音 兌大弟■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■毛寶報霍;十聲 土貪天■●●●●,四聲 ■■■■牛斗奏六;同覃田■●●●●,■■■■○○○玉;乃你女■●●●●,■■■■妻子四日;七音 內南年■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■衰○帥骨;十聲 老冷呂■●●●●,五聲 ■■■■○○○德;鹿犖離■●●●●,■■■■龜水貴北;走哉足■●●●●,■■■■宮孔眾○;八音 自在匠■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■龍甬用○;十聲 草采七■●●●●,六聲 ■■■■魚鼠去○;曹才全■●●●●,■■■■烏虎兔○;思三星■●●●●,■■■■心審禁○。
Continuing with 「Ping Sheng Bi Chang Lv San Zhi Shi」. The left half uses the tenth tone's 「●●●●」 as the chant, paired with the sixth tone's correct sound 「Dong Dan Di ■」「Dui Da Di ■」「Tu Tan Tian ■」「Tong Tan Tian ■」, the seventh tone's 「Nai Ni Nu ■」「Nei Nan Nian ■」「Lao Leng Lv ■」「Lu Luo Li ■」, and the eighth tone's 「Zou Zai Zu ■」「Zi Zai Jiang ■」「Cao Cai Qi ■」「Cao Cai Quan ■」. The last line connects to the ninth tone's first line 「Si San Xing ■」. The right half belongs to 「Kai Yin Qing He Lv San Zhi Shier」, using the silent 「■■■■」 as the harmony, paired with the fourth tone's correct sound 「Dao Zao Xiao Yue」「Mao Bao Bao Huo」「Niu Dou Zou Liu」「○○○ Yu」, the fifth tone's 「Zi Qi Si Ri」「Cui ○ Shuai Gu」「○○○ De」「Gui Shui Gui Bei」, and the sixth tone's 「Gong Kong Zhong ○」「Long Yong Yong ○」「Yu Shu Qu ○」「Wu Hu Tu ○」. The last line is the seventh tone's first line 「Xin Shen Jin ○」. The sixth tone on the left belongs to the tongue, the seventh tone to the nasal lai system, and the eighth tone to the dental head. The three categories have the last position all silent, only establishing the first three ranks. On the right, the fourth tone has three lines with all positions complete, the fifth tone is missing the rising tone, and the sixth tone has four lines with all last positions empty; characters and empty positions alternate to form text, which is the usual pattern of this diagram. Both sides have thirteen lines each, all belonging to the latter half of the two diagrams.
九音 寺□象■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■○○○十;十聲 □□□■●●●●,七聲 ■■■■男坎欠○;□□□■●●●●,■■■■○○○妾;■山手■●●●●,■■■■●●●●;十音 ■士石■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■●●●●;十聲 ■□耳■●●●●,八聲 ■■■■●●●●;■□二■●●●●,■■■■●●●●;■莊震■●●●●,■■■■●●●●;十一音 ■乍□■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■●●●●;十聲 ■叉赤■●●●●,九聲 ■■■■●●●●;■崇辰■●●●●,■■■■●●●●;■卓中■●●●●,■■■■●●●●;十二音 ■宅直■●●●●,十二音 ■■■■●●●●;十聲 ■拆丑■●●●●,十聲 ■■■■●●●●;■茶呈■●●●●,■■■■●●●●。
The diagrams of the thirty-seventh chapter, "Observing Things," are now completed. The left half is the final part of "The Third Ten of the Level Tone 'Píng Shēng' and the Three 'Pí' Sounds of 'Lǚ' (Lv)," with the tenth tone "●●●●" as the singing part, paired with the last three lines of the correct tone's ninth sound "Si□xiàng■," "□□□■," "□□□■," the tenth sound "■shān shǒu■," "■shì shí■," "■□ěr■," "■□èr■," the eleventh sound "■zhuāng zhèn■," "■zhà □■," "■chā chì■," "■chóng chén■," and the twelfth sound "■zhuó zhōng■," "■zhái zhí■," "■chāi chǒu■," "■chá chéng■." The right half is the final part of "The Twelfth of the Clear and Harmonious 'Kāi Yīn' and the Three 'Lǜ' (Lu) Laws," with the silent "■■■■" as the harmonizing part, paired with the last three lines of the correct tone's seventh sound "○○○shí," "nán Kǎn qiàn○," "○○○jiè," as well as the eight, ninth, and thirteenth sounds' twelve lines "●●●●." The entire pattern of the sounds of the sun and stars and the tones of water and earth are now complete. All parts with sound but no characters are marked "○," parts with no sound and no characters are marked "●," parts with sound but no characters are marked "□," and parts with no sound and no characters are marked "■," making four distinct symbols and ensuring no missing sections. This chapter pairs the sounds of the sun and stars with the tones of water and earth. The sounds belong to the earth and are sung below, while the tones belong to the heavens and are harmonized above. There are ten categories of sounds, totaling 160 positions, and twelve categories of tones, totaling 192 positions. After excluding the sections with neither sound nor tone, there are 112 practical sounds and 152 practical tones. Multiplying these by the seven sounds and nine tones respectively gives the numbers of 1,640 and 1,800 mentioned at the beginning of the chapter.
Observing Things Chapter 38 · The Diagram of Harmonious Sounds
觀物篇三十八:日辰聲平翕,水石音開濁;回兄君○龜,□吾目文旁同;烏○●●●,鹿曹□■■■;日辰聲七,下唱地之;水石音九,上和天之;用音一百五十二,是;用聲一百一十二,是;謂平聲翕音。平聲翕;謂開音濁聲。開音濁;音一千六十四。聲一千八。日辰聲平之四翕,水石音開之四濁。
Observing Things Chapter 38. This chapter still presents two diagrams side by side: the left diagram is titled "Day Branch Sounds in Level Tone and Consonant Harmony," and the right diagram is titled "Water and Stone Sounds in Open Tone and Muddy Tone." The left diagram lists ten representative characters for the sounds in the level tone and consonant harmony positions: "Hui," "Xiong," "Jun," "○," "Gui," "Wu," "○," and three "●," representing sound one to sound ten. The fourth and seventh sounds have sound positions but no characters, so they are marked as "○," while the last three sounds have neither sound positions nor characters, so they are marked as "●." The right diagram lists twelve representative characters for the sounds in the open tone and muddy tone positions: "□," "Wu," "Mu," "Wen," "Pang," "Tong," "Lu," "Cao," "□," and three "■," representing sound one to sound twelve. The first and ninth sounds have sound positions but no characters, so they are marked as "□," while the last three sounds have no actual sounds, so they are marked as "■." The following small notes should be read separately on the left and right sides: the sounds of the Day Branch actually consist of seven categories, which interact with the use of 152 tones on the ground, forming "Level Tone and Consonant Harmony," totaling 1,640. The sounds of water and stone actually consist of nine categories, which interact with the use of 112 tones in the heavens, forming "Open Tone and Muddy Tone," totaling 1,800. The last two sentences indicate that this chapter is the fourth group among four groups of mutual response.
The diagram of harmonious sounds · level tone with a clear and resonant sound, the fourth part of the four tones of the first of the four sounds, open sound with a heavy and harmonious tone, the fourth part of the four tones.
平聲翕唱呂四之一,開音濁和律四之一:古甲九癸回回回回,□□□□多可個舌;一音 □□近揆回回回回,一音 □□□□禾火化八;一聲 坤巧丘棄回回回回,一聲 □□□□開宰愛○;□□乾蚪回回回回,□□□□回每退○;黑花香血回回回回,□□□□良兩向○;二音 黃華雄賢回回回回,一音 □□□□光廣況○;一聲 五瓦仰□回回回回,二聲 □□□□丁井亙○;吾牙月堯回回回回,□□□□兄永瑩○;安亞乙一回回回回,□□□□千典旦○;三音 □爻壬寅回回回回,一音 □□□□元犬半○;一聲 母馬美米回回回回,三聲 □□□□臣引艮○;目貌眉民回回回回,□□□□君允巽○。
Two diagrams start simultaneously. The left diagram, titled "Level Tone 'Xī' Singing 'Lǚ' Fourth One," uses the day branch tone with the first level tone, represented by the character "huí," as the singing tone. It is paired with the first standard tone "gǔ jiǎ jiǔ guǐ," "□□ jìn kuí," "kūn qiǎo qiū qì," "□□ qián yóu," the second standard tone "hēi huā xiāng xuè," "huáng huā xióng xián," "wǔ wǎ yǎng □," "wú yá yuè yáo," and the third standard tone "ān yà yǐ yī," "□ yáo rén yín," "mǔ mǎ měi mǐ," "mù mào méi mín." The right diagram, titled "Open Tone 'Zhú' Harmony 'Lǜ' Fourth One," uses the first harmonic tone of water and stone sound; since this tone has a tone position but no character can be cited, it is written as "□□□□." It is paired with the first standard tone "duō kě gè shé," "hé huǒ huà bā," "kāi zǎi ài ○," "huí měi tuì ○," the second standard tone "liáng liǎng xiàng ○," "guāng guǎng kuàng ○," "dīng jǐng gèng ○," "xiōng yǒng yíng ○," and the third standard tone "qiān diǎn dàn ○," "yuán quǎn bàn ○," "chén yǐn gèn ○," "jūn yǔn xùn ○." This passage takes the "xī" tone position and the "zhú" tone, contrasting with the previous passage's "bì" and "qīng": Shao Yong divides tones into "bì" and "xī," and sounds into "qīng" and "zhú," pairing them accordingly to form the sections on daily tones, daily moon, daily star, and daily branch, as well as water-water, water-fire, water-earth, and water-stone. The left diagram's sound chart has four lines per category, divided into clear, turbid, sub-clear, and sub-turbid, with four characters per line from first to fourth tone level. The right diagram's tone chart has four characters per line, from level tone to入 tone.
夫法□飛回回回回,○○○○刀早孝嶽;四音 父凡□吠回回回回,一音 □□□□毛寶報霍;一聲 武晚□尾回回回回,四聲 □□□□牛斗奏六;文萬□未回回回回,□□□□○○○玉;卜百丙必回回回回,□□□□妻子四日;五音 步白備鼻回回回回,一音 □□□□衰○帥骨;一聲 普撲品匹回回回回,五聲 □□□□○○○德;旁排平瓶回回回回,□□□□龜水貴北;東丹帝■回回回回,□□□□宮孔眾○;六音 兌大弟■回回回回,一音 □□□□龍甬用○;一聲 土貪天■回回回回,六聲 □□□□魚鼠去○;同覃田■回回回回,□□□□烏虎兔○;乃你女■回回回回,□□□□心審禁○。
Continuing from the previous two diagrams. On the left half, 「Ping Sheng Xi Chang Lv Si Zhi Yi」 uses the first tone's 「Hui」 as the singing tone, paired with the fourth tone's standard pronunciation 「Fu Fa □ Fei」「Fu Fan □ Fei」「Wu Wan □ Wei」「Wen Wan □ Wei」, the fifth tone's 「Bu Bai Bing Bi」「Bu Bai Bei Bi」「Pu Pu Pin Pi」「Pang Pai Ping Ping」, and the sixth tone's 「Dong Dan Di ■」「Dui Da Di ■」「Tu Tan Tian ■」「Tong Tan Tian ■」. The last line connects to the seventh tone's first line 「Nai Ni Nu ■」. On the right half, 「Kai Yin Zhu He Lu Si Zhi Yi」 uses the sound without characters 「□□□□」 as the harmonizing tone, paired with the fourth tone's standard pronunciation 「Dao Zao Xiao Yue」「Mao Bao Bao Huo」「Niu Dou Zou Liu」「○○○ Yu」, the fifth tone's 「Zi Qi Si Ri」「Shuai ○ Shuai Gu」「○○○ De」「Gui Shui Gui Bei」, the sixth tone's 「Gong Kong Zhong ○」「Long Yong Yong ○」「Yu Shu Qu ○」「Wu Hu Tu ○」, and the last line is the seventh tone's first line 「Xin Shen Jin ○」; the line 「Dao Zao Xiao Yue」 has the harmonizing position originally carved as 「○○○○」, which does not match the 「□□□□」 in other lines of the same diagram, likely due to a carving error where the blank symbol from the tone diagram was mistakenly used. In the right column, the last line of the fourth tone only has the character 「Yu」, the fifth tone line 「Shuai ○ Shuai Gu」 is missing the rising tone, and the last character of each line in the sixth tone is all 「○」; on the left column, from the sixth tone onwards, the end of each line has no characters.
七音 內南年■回回回回,一音 □□□□○○○十;一聲 老冷呂■回回回回,七聲 □□□□男坎欠○;鹿犖離■回回回回,□□□□○○○妾;走哉足■回回回回,□□□□●●●●;八音 自在匠■回回回回,一音 □□□□●●●●;一聲 草采七■回回回回,八聲 □□□□●●●●;曹才全■回回回回,□□□□●●●●;思三星■回回回回,□□□□●●●●;九音 寺□象■回回回回,一音 □□□□●●●●;一聲 □□□■回回回回,九聲 □□□□●●●●;□□□■回回回回,□□□□●●●●;■山手■回回回回,□□□□●●●●;十音 ■士石■回回回回,一音 □□□□●●●●;一聲 ■□耳■回回回回,十聲 □□□□●●●●;■□二■回回回回,□□□□●●●●。
The left half still belongs to "level tone harmonious singing of the fourth of the four Lu," with the first tone "hui" as the singing tone, paired with the seventh tone's last three lines "nei nan nian ■," "lao leng lv ■," "lu luo li ■," the eighth tone "zou zai zu ■," "zi zai jiang ■," "cao cai qi ■," "cao cai quan ■," the ninth tone "si san xing ■," "si □ xiang ■," "□ □ □ ■," "□ □ □ ■," and the tenth tone "■ shan shou ■," "■ shi shi ■," "■ □ er ■," "■ □ er ■." The right half is the conclusion of "open tone turbid harmony of the fourth of the four laws," ending with the harmonious tone "□ □ □ □" without characters, paired with the seventh tone's last three lines "○ ○ ○ shi," "nan kan qian ○," "○ ○ ○ jie," as well as twelve lines from the eighth, ninth, and thirteenth tones "● ● ● ●." This section has fifteen lines on the left and fifteen on the right. On the left, the last positions of the seventh to tenth tones are all "■." In the ninth tone's last two lines, among the four positions, three are missing, leaving only one "□." On the right, among the eight positions of the seventh tone, five have characters, and the following tones and positions also have none. In this diagram, the harmonious tone has no characters but has sound, and the paired tones are mostly silent positions. The entire diagram almost has no actual readable syllables, yet the number of lines and positions is complete. Shao Yong created this diagram not to record the actual pronunciation of the time, but to display all the positions of tones and sounds, and then use them to discuss the numbers of heaven and earth. This diagram, which uses this sound as the harmonious tone, completes ten tones and forty lines. The entire diagram has no actual readable syllables, yet its number matches that of other diagrams.
The diagram of harmonic resonance of sounds, section two of the four parts on opening tones and turbid harmonies.
開音濁和律四之二:■莊震■回回回回,吾吾吾吾多可個舌;十一音 ■乍□■回回回回,二音 吾吾吾吾禾火化八;一聲 ■叉赤■回回回回,一聲 吾吾吾吾開宰愛○;■崇辰■回回回回,吾吾吾吾回每退○;■卓中■回回回回,吾吾吾吾良兩向○;十二音 ■宅直■回回回回,二音 吾吾吾吾光廣況○;一聲 ■拆丑■回回回回,二聲 吾吾吾吾丁井亙○;■茶呈■回回回回,吾吾吾吾兄永瑩○。
On the right side, it begins with "Kai Yin Zhuo He Lu Si Zhi Er," using the representative character "wu" for the second tone of water and stone sounds as the harmonizing character. It pairs this with the first tone "duo ke ge she," "he huohua ba," "kai zai ai," "hui mei tui" and the second tone "liang liang xiang," "guang guang kuang," "ding jing gen," "xiong yong ying." On the left side, it is the last eight lines of "Ping Sheng Xi Chang Lv Si Zhi Yi," using the first tone "hui" as the singing character, paired with the eleventh tone "zhuang zhen," "zha zha," "cha chi," "chong chen" and the twelfth tone "zhuo zhong," "zha zhi," "cha chuo," "cha cheng." The diagram using "hui" as the singing character is completed with twelve tones and forty-eight lines. The families of "zhuang" and "zhuo" only establish the middle two levels, with the first and last positions both written as "■," forming a contrast with "wu" which has four positions. This section includes eight lines on the left and eight lines on the right.
The diagram of mutual resonance of sounds, level tone: the sound of "Weng" resonates with "Lv" in the second instance of the four tones.
平聲翁唱呂四之二:古甲九癸兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾千典旦○;一音 □□近揆兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾元犬半○;二聲 坤巧丘棄兄兄兄兄,三聲 吾吾吾吾臣引艮○;□□乾蚪兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾君允巽○;黑花香血兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾刀早孝嶽;二音 黃華雄賢兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾毛寶報霍;二聲 五瓦仰□兄兄兄兄,四聲 吾吾吾吾牛斗奏六;吾牙月堯兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾○○○玉;安亞乙一兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾妻子四日;三音 □爻壬寅兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾衰○帥骨;二聲 母馬美米兄兄兄兄,五聲 吾吾吾吾○○○德;目貌眉民兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾龜水貴北。
"The second of the second tone in the level tone 'Xī' (harmonious sound)" starts anew, with the title character "Xī" originally carved as "Wēng" in the original edition. This diagram uses the representative character "xiōng" (brother), which corresponds to the second tone in the day branch, as the leading sound, paired with the first tone "gǔ jiǎ jiǔ guǐ" (ancient, Jia, ninth, Gui), "□□ jìn kuí" (□□ near Kuí), "kūn qiǎo qiū qì" (Kun skillful, autumn, discard), "□□ qián dǒu" (□□ Qian, Dǒu), the second tone "hēi huā xiāng xuè" (black, flower, fragrant, blood), "huáng huā xióng xián" (yellow flower, strong, wise), "wǔ wǎ yǎng □" (five, tile, look up □), "wú yá yuè yáo" (I, tooth, moon, Yao), and the third tone "ān yà yǐ yī" (safe, similar, one, one), "□ yáo rén yín" (□ yao Ren Yin), "mǔ mǎ měi mǐ" (mother, horse, beautiful, rice), "mù mào méi mín" (eye, appearance, eyebrow, people). The right half remains "the second of the fourth tone in the open tone 'kāi' (open sound) with the harmonious sound of water and stone, the second tone 'wú' (I) as the accompanying sound, paired with the third tone 'qiān diǎn dàn ○' (thousand, classic, dawn ○), 'yuán quǎn bàn ○' (origin, dog, half ○), 'chén yǐn gèn ○' (minister, lead, Gen ○), 'jūn yǔn xùn ○' (king, allow, Xun ○), the fourth tone 'dāo zǎo xiào yuè' (knife, early, filial, mountain), 'máo bǎo bào huò' (hair, treasure, report, Huo), 'niú dòu zòu liù' (ox, star, perform, six), '○○○ yù' (○○○ jade), and the fifth tone 'qī zǐ sì rì' (wife, child, four, day), 'shuāi ○ shuài gǔ' (decline ○ general, bone), '○○○ dé' (○○○ virtue), 'guī shuǐ guì běi' (turtle, water, precious, north). The third tone on the right 'qiān diǎn dàn ○' is the level tone 'qiān' (thousand), the rising tone 'diǎn' (classic), the falling tone 'dàn' (dawn), and the entering tone has a position but no character; the last line of the fourth tone only has an entering tone character; the fifth tone is missing the rising tone. The left column has three categories of correct tones, each with four lines, arranged in order of clear, dull, secondary clear, and secondary dull, with four characters within each line from the first to the fourth tone, '□□ jìn kuí' and '□□ qián dǒu' have the first two characters missing."
夫法□飛兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾宮孔眾○;四音 父凡□吠兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾龍甬用○;二聲 武晚□尾兄兄兄兄,六聲 吾吾吾吾魚鼠去○;文萬□未兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾烏虎兔○;卜百丙必兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾心審禁○;五音 步白備鼻兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾○○○十;二聲 普撲品匹兄兄兄兄,七聲 吾吾吾吾男坎欠○;旁排平瓶兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾○○○妾;東丹帝■兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾●●●●;六音 兌大帝■兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾●●●●;二聲 土貪天■兄兄兄兄,八聲 吾吾吾吾●●●●;同覃田■兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾●●●●;乃你女■兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾●●●●。
Continuing "Ping Sheng Xi Chang Lu Si Zhi Er". On the left side, the second tone "Xiong" serves as the singing tone, paired with the fourth tone "Fu Fa □ Fei", "Fu Fan □ Fei", "Wu Wan □ Wei", "Wen Wan □ Wei", the fifth tone "Bu Bai Bing Bi", "Bu Bai Bei Bi", "Pu Pu Pin Pi", "Pang Pai Ping Ping", and the sixth tone "Dong Dan Di ■", "Dui Da Di ■", "Tu Tan Tian ■", "Tong Tan Tian ■". The last line is the seventh tone's first line "Nai Ni Nu ■". In the second line of the sixth tone, the diagram reads "Dui Da Di ■", where "Di" is mistakenly written as "Di". On the right side, it belongs to "Kai Yin Zhu He Lu Si Zhi Er", with "Wu" as the harmonizing tone, paired with the sixth tone "Gong Kong Zhong ○", "Long Yong Yong ○", "Yu Shu Qu ○", "Wu Hu Tu ○", the seventh tone "Xin Shen Jin ○", "○○○ Shi", "Nan Kan Qian ○", "○○○ Qie". Below this, the eighth tone's four lines and the ninth tone's first line are all "●●●●". On the left column, the fourth tone belongs to the light lip sounds, with the third character in each of the four lines being "□"; the fifth tone belongs to the heavy lip sounds, with all four characters complete; the sixth tone belongs to the tongue sounds, the seventh tone belongs to the nasal and lateral sounds, and the last character in each is silent. On the right column, only the positions "Xin", "Shen", "Jin", "Shi", "Nan", "Kan", "Qian", and "Qie" have characters, the rest are empty; "●" and "○" indicate silence and sound without characters, and should not be confused.
七音 內南年■兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾●●●●;二聲 老冷呂■兄兄兄兄,九聲 吾吾吾吾●●●●;鹿犖離■兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾●●●●;走哉足■兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾●●●●;八音 自在匠■兄兄兄兄,二音 吾吾吾吾●●●●;二聲 草采七■兄兄兄兄,十聲 吾吾吾吾●●●●;曹才全■兄兄兄兄,吾吾吾吾●●●●。
It still belongs to 'level tone harmonious singing of the fourth tone of the second category'. The left half uses the second tone 'xiong' as the leading tone, paired with the seventh tone's last three lines 'nei nan nian ■', 'lao leng lv ■', 'lu luo li ■' and the eighth tone's four lines 'zou zai zu ■', 'zi zai jiang ■', 'cao cai qi ■', 'cao cai quan ■', with each line ending in an unpronounced '■'. The right half concludes with 'open tone heavy and harmonious law of the fourth tone of the second category', using the second tone water and stone sound 'wu' as the harmonizing tone, paired with the ninth tone's last three lines and the tenth tone's four lines, totaling seven lines all marked as '●●●●'. The diagram using 'wu' as the harmonizing tone is completed with ten tones and forty lines. The seventh tone belongs to the nasal lai system, and the eighth tone belongs to the dental head system; these two categories only establish the first three levels in this pattern. This section has seven lines on each side.
The diagram of harmonic sounds, section three of the four harmonies of the thick and resonant tones.
開音濁和律四之三:思三星■兄兄兄兄,目目目目多可個舌;九音 寺□象■兄兄兄兄,三音 目目目目禾火化八;二聲 □□□■兄兄兄兄,一聲 目目目目開宰愛○;□□□■兄兄兄兄,目目目目回每退○;■山手■兄兄兄兄,目目目目良兩向○;十音 ■士石■兄兄兄兄,三音 目目目目光廣況○;二聲 ■□耳■兄兄兄兄,二聲 目目目目丁井亙○;■□二■兄兄兄兄,目目目目兄永瑩○;■莊震■兄兄兄兄,目目目目千典旦○;十一音 ■乍□■兄兄兄兄,三音 目目目目元犬半○;二聲 ■叉赤■兄兄兄兄,三聲 目目目目臣引艮○;■崇辰■兄兄兄兄,目目目目君允巽○。
On the right side, a new section begins with "Kai Yin Zhu He Lu Si Zhi San," using the representative character "mu" for the third tone of water and stone sounds as the harmonizing character. It pairs this with the first tone of the standard sound "duo ke ge she," "he huohua ba," "kai zai ai," and "hui mei tui," the second tone "liang liang xiang," "guang guang kuang," "ding jing gen," and "xiong yong ying," and the third tone "qian dian dan," "yuan quan ban," "chen yin gen," and "jun yun xun." On the left side, it remains under "Ping Sheng Xi Chang Lv Si Zhi Er," using the second tone "xiong" as the singing character, paired with the ninth tone of the standard sound "si san xing," "si xiang xiang," "unknown," and "unknown," the tenth tone "shan shou," "shi shi," "er er," and "er er," and the eleventh tone "zhuang zhen," "zha," "cha chi," and "chong chen." After the ninth tone on the left, there are two lines with phonetic positions but no characters, so three "unknown" characters are written in succession. The four-character lines on the right side follow the order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones, such as "xiong yong ying" which corresponds to level "xiong," rising "yong," falling "ying," and entering tone with a position but no character. On the left side, the ninth tone belongs to the dental fricative sound, the tenth tone belongs to the standard dental and the "ri" mother group, and the eleventh tone belongs to the standard dental; starting from the tenth tone, the first character has no sound, indicating that the closer to dental sounds, the fewer characters can be established.
■卓中■兄兄兄兄,目目目目刀早孝嶽;十二音 ■宅直■兄兄兄兄,三音 目目目目毛寶報霍;二聲 ■拆丑■兄兄兄兄,四聲 目目目目牛斗奏六;■茶呈■兄兄兄兄,目目目目○○○玉。
"The level tone 'Xiong' of the second tone serves as the singing tone, paired with the twelfth standard tone's four lines '■ Zhuo Zhong ■', '■ Zhai Zhi ■', '■ Che Chou ■', '■ Cha Cheng ■', with the first character of each line being an unpronounced '■'. The right half belongs to 'Open tone浊和律 four three', using the third tone water and stone sound 'Mu' as the harmonizing tone, paired with the fourth standard tone's four lines 'Dao Zao Xiao Yue', 'Mao Bao Bao Huo', 'Niu Dou Zou Liu', '○○○ Yu', with the last line only having the entering tone 'Yu' with a character, and the level, rising, and falling tones are represented by '○' to indicate their positions."
The diagram of harmonious sounds, in the level tone, the third of the four tones, the third of the four tones.
平聲翕唱呂四之三:古甲九癸君君君君,目目目目妻子四日;一音 □□近揆君君君君,三音 目目目目衰○帥骨;三聲 坤巧丘棄君君君君,五聲 目目目目○○○德;□□乾蚪君君君君,目目目目龜水貴北;黃華雄賢君君君君,目目目目宮孔眾○;二音 黑花香血君君君君,三音 目目目目龍甬用○;三聲 五瓦仰□君君君君,六聲 目目目目魚鼠去○;吾牙月堯君君君君,目目目目烏虎兔○;安亞乙一君君君君,目目目目心審禁○;三音 □爻壬寅君君君君,三音 目目目目○○○十;三聲 母馬美米君君君君,七聲 目目目目男坎欠○;目貌眉民君君君君,目目目目○○○妾。
"Level tone harmonized singing of the third tone in the fourth category" starts anew, using the representative character "jun" from the third tone in the level tone category, paired with the first tone "gǔ jiǎ jiǔ guǐ", "□□ jìn kuí", "kūn qiǎo qiū qì", "□□ qián yóu"; the second tone "huáng huá xióng xián", "hēi huā xiāng xuè", "wǔ wǎ yǎng □", "wú yá yuè yáo"; and the third tone "ān yà yǐ yī", "□ yáo rén yín", "mǔ mǎ měi mǐ", "mù mào méi mín". In the second tone section, "hēi huā xiāng xuè" comes first, while "huáng huá xióng xián" is second, with the first two lines reversed. The right side remains "open tone dull harmony of the fourth category", using "mù" as the harmonizing character, paired with the fifth tone "qī zǐ sì rì", "shuāi ○ shuài gǔ", "○○○ dé", "guī shuǐ guì běi"; the sixth tone "gōng kǒng zhòng ○", "lóng yǒng yòng ○", "yú shǔ qù ○", "wū hǔ tù ○"; and the seventh tone "xīn shěn jìn ○", "○○○ shí", "nán kǎn qiàn ○", "○○○ qiè". In the right column, the fifth tone "qī zǐ sì rì" has all four characters, the sixth tone has "○" at the end of each of the four lines, and the seventh tone has characters only in half the lines. On the left, the three categories of correct tones each have four lines, arranged in order of clear, dull, sub-clear, and sub-dull tones, with four characters in each line from the first to the fourth tone class; the line "wǔ wǎ yǎng □" has a missing character at the end, and the line "□ yáo rén yín" has a missing character at the beginning.
夫法□飛君君君君,目目目目●●●●;四音 父凡□吠君君君君,三音 目目目目●●●●;三聲 武晚□尾君君君君,八聲 目目目目●●●●;文萬□未君君君君,目目目目●●●●;卜百丙必君君君君,目目目目●●●●;五音 步白備鼻君君君君,三音 目目目目●●●●;三聲 普撲品匹君君君君,九聲 目目目目●●●●;旁排平瓶君君君君,目目目目●●●●;東丹帝■君君君君,目目目目●●●●;六音 兌大弟■君君君君,三音 目目目目●●●●;三聲 土貪天■君君君君,十聲 目目目目●●●●;同覃田■君君君君,目目目目●●●●。
Continuing "Ping Sheng Xi Chang Lv Si Zhi San". The left half uses the third tone "jun" as the leading tone, paired with the fourth tone "fu fa □ fei", "fu fan □ fei", "wu wan □ wei", "wen wan □ wei", the fifth tone "bu bai bei bi", "bu bai bei bi", "pu pu pin pi", "pang pai ping ping", and the sixth tone "dong dan di ■", "dui da di ■", "tu tan tian ■", "tong tan tian ■". The right half is the latter part of "Kai Yin Zhu He Lu Si Zhi San", using the third tone "mu" as the accompanying tone, paired with the eighth, ninth, and thirteenth tones, totaling twelve lines, all marked as "●●●●". The diagram using "mu" as the accompanying tone now completes ten tones and forty lines. Only the first seven tones have actual characters, while the last three tones have structure but no sound, exactly as Shao Yong described, having position but no sound. The left column's fourth tone belongs to the light lip sounds, with the third position in each of the four lines marked as "□"; the fifth tone belongs to the heavy lip sounds, with all four positions complete; the sixth tone belongs to the tongue sounds, with the last position having no sound. In the sound diagram, the empty spaces are marked as "○" and "●", while in the tone diagram, they are marked as "□" and "■": the former has position but no character, the latter has neither position nor character. Each of the four marks has a specific reference, and they should not be read as missing characters or errors. This section has twelve lines on each side, corresponding to the latter half of the two diagrams.
The diagram of harmonic sounds, the fourth of four, concerning the harmonious tones of the thick and resonant sounds.
開音濁和律四之四:乃你女■君君君君,文文文文多可個舌;七音 內南年■君君君君,四音 文文文文禾火化八;三聲 老冷呂■君君君君,一聲 文文文文開宰愛○;鹿犖離■君君君君,文文文文回每退○;走哉足■君君君君,文文文文良兩向○;八音 自在匠■君君君君,四音 文文文文光廣況○;三聲 草采七■君君君君,二聲 文文文文丁井亙○;曹才全■君君君君,文文文文兄永瑩○;思三星■君君君君,文文文文千典旦○;九音 寺□象■君君君君,四音 文文文文元犬半○;三聲 □□□■君君君君,三聲 文文文文臣引艮○;□□□■君君君君,文文文文君允巽○。
The right half begins with 「开音浊和律四之四」, using the representative character 「文」 for the fourth tone of water and stone sounds. It is paired with the first tone 「多可个舌」「禾火化八」「开宰爱○」「回每退○」, the second tone 「良两向○」「光广况○」「丁井亘○」「兄永莹○」, and the third tone 「千典旦○」「元犬半○」「臣引艮○」「君允巽○」. The left half remains under 「平声翕唱吕四之三」, using the third tone character 「君」 as the singing tone, paired with the seventh tone 「乃你女■」「内南年■」「老冷吕■」「鹿荦离■」, the eighth tone 「走哉足■」「自在匠■」「草采七■」「曹才全■」, and the ninth tone 「思三星■」「寺□象■」「□□□■」「□□□■」. The four characters in the right column are arranged in the order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones, for example 「多可个舌」 is level 「多」, rising 「可」, falling 「个」, and entering 「舌」. Among the third tones, characters with entering tones appear only in the first tone row, while others are marked with 「○」 to indicate their position. The seventh tone on the left belongs to the nasal and lateral series, the eighth tone belongs to the dental series, and the ninth tone belongs to the dental fricative series. All three categories end with no sound at the last position. The last two rows of the ninth tone only have one 「□」, and three of the four positions are missing.
■山手■君君君君,文文文文刀早孝嶽;十音 ■士石■君君君君,四音 文文文文毛寶報霍;三聲 ■□耳■君君君君,四聲 文文文文牛斗奏六;■□二■君君君君,文文文文○○○玉;■莊震■君君君君,文文文文妻子四日;十一音 ■乍□■君君君君,四音 文文文文衰○帥骨;三聲 ■叉赤■君君君君,五聲 文文文文○○○德;■崇辰■君君君君,文文文文龜水貴北;■卓中■君君君君,文文文文宮孔眾○;十二音 ■宅直■君君君君,四音 文文文文龍甬用○;三聲 ■拆丑■君君君君,六聲 文文文文魚鼠去○;■茶呈■君君君君,文文文文烏虎兔○。
"The level tone 'Jun' of the third tone is used as the main note, matching the tenth tone '■ Shan Shou ■', '■ Shi Shi ■', '■ □ Er ■', '■ □ Er ■'; the eleventh tone '■ Zhang Zhen ■', '■ Zha □ ■', '■ Cha Chi ■', '■ Chong Chen ■'; and the twelfth tone '■ Zhuo Zhong ■', '■ Zhai Zhi ■', '■ Che Chou ■', '■ Cha Cheng ■'. The right side belongs to 'open tone, heavy and harmonious law four of four', using the fourth tone 'Wen' as the harmonizing note, matching the fourth tone 'Dao Zao Xiao Yue', 'Mao Bao Bao Huo', 'Niu Dou Zou Liu', '○○○ Yu'; the fifth tone 'Zi Qi Si Ri', 'Shuai ○ Shuai Gu', '○○○ De', 'Gui Shui Gui Bei'; and the sixth tone 'Gong Kong Zhong ○', 'Long Yong Yong ○', 'Yu Shu Qu ○', 'Wu Hu Tu ○'. The first characters of the three categories in the left column are all '■', with only the middle two characters remaining, clearly different from the previous nine tones with four characters complete; the last line of the fourth tone on the right side only includes the entering tone, the fifth tone is missing the rising tone, and the last characters of the four lines in the sixth tone are all '○'. Using the 'Wen' tone category to harmonize with the ten tones, by now twenty-four lines have been matched, leaving sixteen lines still unmatched. In the left column, from the tenth to twelfth tones, the middle two characters are either present or missing, and the last characters are mostly blank."
The diagram of harmonious sound and singing, for level tone (ping) and harmonious singing (xi), the fourth of the four tones (lü si) in the fourth category.
平聲翕唱呂四之四:古甲九癸○○○○,文文文文心審禁○;一音 □□近揆○○○○,四音 文文文文○○○十;四聲 坤巧丘棄○○○○,七聲 文文文文男坎欠○;□□乾蚪○○○○,文文文文○○○妾;黑花香血○○○○,文文文文●●●●;二音 黃華雄賢○○○○,四音 文文文文●●●●;四聲 五瓦仰□○○○○,八聲 文文文文●●●●;吾牙月堯○○○○,文文文文●●●●;安亞乙一○○○○,文文文文●●●●;三音 □爻壬寅○○○○,四音 文文文文●●●●;四聲 母馬美米○○○○,九聲 文文文文●●●●;目貌眉民○○○○,文文文文●●●●。
"The fourth tone of the fourth level of level tones" starts anew. The tones sung are the fourth tone of the day branch. This tone has sound but no character in the position of the level tone, so the singing position is uniformly marked as "○○○○". It is paired with the first tone of the correct tone, "GujiajiuGui", "□□JinKui", "KunQiaoQiuQi", "□□QianTu", the second tone "HeHuaXiangXue", "HuangHuaXiongXian", "WuWaYang□", "WuYaYueYao", and the third tone "AnYiaYiYi", "□YaoRenYin", "MuMaMeiMi", "MuMaoMeiMin". The right half belongs to "the fourth level of the fourth tone of open tones with浊 and harmony with 文", paired with the seventh tone of the correct tone "XinShenJin○", "○○○Shi", "NanKanQian○", "○○○Jie", as well as the eighth and ninth tones, totaling eight lines "●●●●". The left column consists of three categories of correct tones, each with four lines, arranged in order of clear,浊, secondary clear, and secondary浊. Within each line, the four characters are from the first to the fourth tone level, for example, "GujiajiuGui" corresponds to the first tone "Gu", the second tone "Jia", the third tone "Jiu", and the fourth tone "Gui"; "□□JinKui" and "□□QianTu" have the first two characters missing, indicating that there is an existing tone position but no corresponding character. Since the singing position has sound but no character, and the paired tones often have missing tones, the entire section almost has no actual readable syllables, yet the number of lines cannot be reduced.
夫法□飛○○○○,文文文文●●●●;四音 父凡□吠○○○○,四音 文文文文●●●●;四聲 武晚□尾○○○○,十聲 文文文文●●●●;文萬□未○○○○,文文文文●●●●。
It is still "level tone harmony singing with the fourth tone '○' which has sound but no character," using the fourth tone character '○' with no written character as the singing part, paired with four lines of the fourth tone "Fu Fa □ Fei," "Fu Fan □ Fei," "Wu Wan □ Wei," "Wen Wan □ Wei," where the third character in each line is '□,' which has a phonetic position but no written character. The right half is the last part of "open tone dull harmony with the fourth tone 'Lv' of the fourth tone," using the fourth tone water and stone sound "Wen" as the harmony, paired with four lines of the tenth tone, all written as "●●●●." The singer has no written character, the harmonizer has no sound, and both sides are empty within one section.
The diagram of harmonious sounds, section four of five, concerning the harmonious tones of the thick and resonant sounds.
開音濁和律四之五:卜百丙必○○○○,旁旁旁旁多可個舌;五音 步白備鼻○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁禾火化八;四聲 普撲品匹○○○○,一聲 旁旁旁旁開宰愛○;旁排平瓶○○○○,旁旁旁旁回每退○;東丹帝■○○○○,旁旁旁旁良兩向○;六音 兌大弟■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁光廣況○;四聲 土貪天■○○○○,二聲 旁旁旁旁丁井亙○;同覃田■○○○○,旁旁旁旁兄永瑩○;乃你女■○○○○,旁旁旁旁千典旦○;七音 內南年■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁元犬半○;四聲 老冷呂■○○○○,三聲 旁旁旁旁臣引艮○;鹿犖離■○○○○,旁旁旁旁君允巽○。
The right half begins with "Kai yin zhu he lu si zhi wu", using the representative character "pang" of the fifth tone in water and stone sounds as the harmonizing character. It starts from the beginning with the first tone "du ke ge she", "he hu hua ba", "kai zai ai ", "hui mei tui ". The second tone includes "liang liang xiang ", "guang guang kuang ", "ding jing gen ", "xiong yong ying ". The third tone includes "qian dian dan ", "yuan quan ban ", "chen yin gen ", "jun yun xun ". The left half remains under "Ping sheng xi chang lv si zhi si", using the fourth tone's " " as the singing character, paired with the fifth tone's standard sound "bu bai bing bi", "bu bai bei bi", "pu pu pin pi", "pang pai ping ping". The sixth tone includes "dong dan di ", "dui da di ", "tu tan tian ", "tong tan tian ". The seventh tone includes "nai ni nu ", "nei nan nian ", "lao leng lv ", "lu luo li ". The four-character lines in the right column are arranged in order of level, rising, falling, and entering tones, such as "liang liang xiang " which corresponds to level "liang", rising "liang", falling "xiang", and entering tone which has a position but no character. The fifth tone on the left belongs to the heavy lip sounds, with all four positions complete; the sixth tone belongs to the tongue sounds, and the seventh tone belongs to the nasal and lateral sounds, with both categories lacking characters at the end. The singing position has no character but the sound position has a character, with one side being empty and the other being real, clearly showing Shao Yong's method of matching by tone positions rather than actual pronunciation.
走哉足■○○○○,旁旁旁旁刀早孝嶽;八音 自在匠■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁毛寶報霍;四聲 草采七■○○○○,四聲 旁旁旁旁牛斗奏六;曹才全■○○○○,旁旁旁旁○○○玉;思三星■○○○○,旁旁旁旁妻子四日;九音 寺□象■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁衰○帥骨;四聲 □□□■○○○○,五聲 旁旁旁旁○○○德;□□□■○○○○,旁旁旁旁龜水貴北;■山手■○○○○,旁旁旁旁宮孔眾○;十音 ■士石■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁龍甬用○;四聲 ■□耳■○○○○,六聲 旁旁旁旁魚鼠去○;■□二■○○○○,旁旁旁旁烏虎兔○;■莊震■○○○○,旁旁旁旁心審禁○。
Continuing "Level Tone Harmony Singing of the Fourth Level of the Fourth Category." The left half uses the fourth tone "○" as the singing tone, paired with the eighth tone "Zou Zai Zu ■" "Zi Zai Jiang ■" "Cao Cai Qi ■" "Cao Cai Quan ■," the ninth tone "Si San Xing ■" "Si ■ Xiang ■" "■ ■ ■ ■" "■ ■ ■ ■," and the tenth tone "■ Shan Shou ■" "■ Shi Shi ■" "■ ■ Er ■" "■ ■ Er ■," with the last line connecting to the eleventh tone's first line "■ Zhuang Zhen ■." The right half belongs to "Open Tone Muddy Harmony of the Fourth Level of the Fifth Category," using "Pang" as the harmonizing tone, paired with the fourth tone "Dao Zao Xiao Yue" "Mao Bao Bao Huo" "Niu Dou Zou Liu" "○ ○ ○ Yu," the fifth tone "Zi Qi Si Ri" "Cui ○ Shuai Gu" "○ ○ ○ De" "Gui Shui Gui Bei," the sixth tone "Gong Kong Zhong ○" "Long Yong Yong ○" "Yu Shu Qu ○" "Wu Hu Tu ○," and the last line is the seventh tone's first line "Xin Shen Jin ○." The eighth tone on the left belongs to the dental initial, the ninth tone to the dental fricative, and the tenth tone to the clear dental and the initial of the day mother group; after the ninth tone, the last two lines have three missing characters, and the first position of the tenth tone and below has no sound. On the right, the fourth tone has three complete lines out of four, the fifth tone is missing the rising tone, and the sixth tone has four lines with the last character missing. This section has thirteen lines on each side, fitting the middle part of the two diagrams.
十一音 ■乍□■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁○○○十;四聲 ■叉赤■○○○○,七聲 旁旁旁旁男坎欠○;■崇辰■○○○○,旁旁旁旁○○○妾;■卓中■○○○○,旁旁旁旁●●●●;十二音 ■宅直■○○○○,五音 旁旁旁旁●●●●;四聲 ■拆丑■○○○○,八聲 旁旁旁旁●●●●;■茶呈■○○○○,旁旁旁旁●●●●。
"Level tone (Ping Sheng) with a harmonious chant (Xi Chang) of the fourth tone 'Lv Si' (fourth)" has been completed. The left half uses the fourth tone "○" as the chant, matching the last three lines of the eleventh tone's standard sound "■乍□■", "■叉赤■", and "■崇辰■", as well as the four lines of the twelfth tone's standard sound "■卓中■", "■宅直■", "■拆丑■", and "■茶呈■". The right half remains "Open tone with a heavy and harmonious tone (Kai Yin Zhu He) of the fifth tone 'Lv Wu' (five)", harmonizing with the fifth tone "Pang" (water and stone sound). The Zhuang and Zhuo groups only establish the middle two levels, with the first position having no sound; in the seventh tone on the right side, only five positions have characters, while the eighth tone has no sound position at all. The difference between "○" and "●" lies in this.
