The Eight Trigrams encompass sixty dragons and correspond to seventy-two seasonal divisions.
Charting guides: Flying Star Feng Shui Chart, Chinese Almanac
坎宮:大雪陰,甲子坎卦、丙子困卦、戊子師卦前;冬至陽,戊子蒙卦後、庚子解卦、壬子解卦;小寒,乙丑渙卦、丁丑渙卦、己丑未濟卦前。艮宮:大寒,己丑遯卦後、辛丑漸卦、癸丑艮卦;立春,丙寅小過卦、戊寅謙卦、庚寅旅卦前;雨水,庚寅謙卦後、壬寅旅卦、甲寅艮卦。
The trigrams under the Water (Kan) sector include: During the period of Heavy Snow, which belongs to Yin, it is paired with the Jiazi (Jia Zi) trigram of Water, the Bingzi (Bing Zi) trigram of困 (Obstruction), and the Wuzi (Wu Zi) trigram of 师 (Army) (taking the first half of Wuzi); during the period of Winter Solstice, which belongs to Yang, it is paired with the Wuzi (Wu Zi) trigram of 蒙 (Awakening), the Gengzi (Geng Zi) trigram of 解 (Release), and the Renzi (Ren Zi) trigram of 解 (Release); during the period of Lesser Cold, it is paired with the Yichou (Yi Chou) trigram of 涣 (Dispersal), the Dingchou (Ding Chou) trigram of 涣 (Dispersal), and the Jichou (Ji Chou) trigram of 未济 (Not Yet Completed) (taking the first half of Jichou). The trigrams under the Earth (Gen) sector include: During the period of Greater Cold, it is paired with the Jichou (Ji Chou) trigram of 遯 (Retreat) (taking the second half of Jichou), the Xinchou (Xin Chou) trigram of 渐 (Gradual Progress), and the Guichou (Gui Chou) trigram of 艮 (Mountain); during the period of Start of Spring, it is paired with the Bingyin (Bing Yin) trigram of 小过 (Minor Excess), the Wuyin (Wu Yin) trigram of 谦 (Humility), and the Gengyin (Geng Yin) trigram of 旅 (Traveler) (taking the first half of Gengyin); during the period of Rain Water, it is paired with the Gengyin (Geng Yin) trigram of 谦 (Humility) (taking the second half of Gengyin), the RENYIN (Ren Yin) trigram of 旅 (Traveler), and the Jiayin (Jia Yin) trigram of 艮 (Mountain).
震宮:驚蟄,丁卯無妄卦、己卯頤卦、辛卯隨卦前;春分,辛卯噬嗑卦後、癸卯震卦、乙卯屯卦;清明,戊辰噬嗑卦、庚辰震卦、壬辰復卦前。巽宮:穀雨,壬辰姤卦後、甲辰巽卦、丙辰升卦;立夏,己巳鼎卦、辛巳大過卦、癸巳巽卦前;小滿,癸巳巽卦後、乙巳恆卦、丁巳蠱卦。
The trigrams under the Zhen (Thunder) Palace include: During the period of Jingzhe, it is paired with Dingmao and the Wuwang hexagram, Jimao and the Yi hexagram, and Xinmao and the Sui hexagram (taking the first half of Xinmao); during the period of Chunfen, it is paired with Xinmao and the Shike hexagram (taking the second half of Xinmao), Guimao and the Zhen hexagram, and Yimao and the Tun hexagram; during the period of Qingming, it is paired with Wuchen and the Shike hexagram, Gengchen and the Zhen hexagram, and Renchen and the Fu hexagram (taking the first half of Renchen). The trigrams under the Xun (Wind) Palace include: During the period of Guyu, it is paired with Renchen and the Gou hexagram (taking the second half of Renchen), Jiachen and the Xun hexagram, and Bingchen and the Sheng hexagram; during the period of Lixia, it is paired with Jisi and the Ding hexagram, Xinsi and the Daguover hexagram, and Guisi and the Xun hexagram (taking the first half of Guisi); during the period of Xiaoman, it is paired with Guisi and the Xun hexagram (taking the second half of Guisi), Yisi and the Heng hexagram, and Dingsi and the Gu hexagram.
離宮:芒種陽,庚午坤卦、壬午家人卦、甲午離卦前;夏至陰,甲午離卦後、丙午明夷卦、戊午既濟卦;小暑,辛未革卦、癸未離卦、乙未革卦前。坤宮:大暑,乙未萃卦後、丁未豫卦、己未晉卦;立秋,壬申觀卦、甲申坤卦、丙申否卦前;處暑,丙申萃卦後、戊申萃卦、庚申坤卦。
The trigrams governed by the Fire trigram: The period of Mangzhong belongs to yang, matching the Gengwu trigram paired with the坤 (Earth) trigram, the Renwu trigram paired with the Family trigram, and the Jiawu trigram paired with the Fire trigram (taking the first half of Jiawu). The period of Xiazh至 belongs to yin, matching the Jiawu trigram paired with the Fire trigram (taking the second half of Jiawu), the Bingwu trigram paired with the Bright Darkness trigram, and the Wuwu trigram paired with the Perfect Completion trigram. The period of Xiaoshu belongs to the trigrams paired with the Xinwei trigram paired with the Change trigram, the Guiwei trigram paired with the Fire trigram, and the Yiwei trigram paired with the Change trigram (taking the first half of Yiwei). The trigrams governed by the Earth trigram: The period of Dashu belongs to the trigrams paired with the Yiwei trigram paired with the Accumulation trigram (taking the second half of Yiwei), the Dingwei trigram paired with the Delight trigram, and the Jiwei trigram paired with the Progress trigram. The period of Liqiu belongs to the trigrams paired with the Renshen trigram paired with the Observation trigram, the Jiashen trigram paired with the Earth trigram, and the Bingshen trigram paired with the Opposition trigram (taking the first half of Bingshen). The period of Chushu belongs to the trigrams paired with the Bingshen trigram paired with the Accumulation trigram (taking the second half of Bingshen), the Wushen trigram paired with the Accumulation trigram, and the Gengshen trigram paired with the Earth trigram.
兌宮:白露,癸酉兌卦、乙酉歸妹卦、丁酉中孚卦前;秋分,丁酉損卦後、己酉歸妹卦、辛酉履卦;寒露,甲戌兌卦、丙戌履卦、戊戌履卦前。乾宮:霜降,戊戌夬卦後、庚戌大有卦、壬戌需卦;立冬,乙亥大有卦、丁亥小畜卦、己亥夬卦前;小雪,己亥需卦後、辛酉泰卦、癸亥乾卦。
The Trigram of Dui governs: White Dew, associated with the hexagram of Guiyou (Dui), Yiyou (Return of the Young Girl), and Dingyou (Middle Trust) (taking the first half of Dingyou); Autumn Equinox, associated with Dingyou (Loss) (taking the second half of Dingyou), Jiyou (Return of the Young Girl), and Xinyou (Following) ; Cold Dew, associated with Jiaxu (Dui), Bingxu (Following), and Wuxu (Following) (taking the first half of Wuxu). The Trigram of Qian governs: Frost Descent, associated with Wuxu (Decision) (taking the second half of Wuxu), Gengxu (Great Possession), and Renxu (Necessity); Start of Winter, associated with Yihai (Great Possession), Dinghai (Small Accumulation), and Jihai (Decision) (taking the first half of Jihai); Light Snow, associated with Jihai (Necessity) (taking the second half of Jihai), Xinhai (Prosperity) (the original text says 'Xinyou'), and Guihai (Qian).
右六十龍應候遁卦。惟戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳、甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥十二龍各有二卦。蓋此十二位正當其交界之處,古謂陰陽差錯之龍,乃一半屬前節氣,一半屬後節氣,必如此今截明白,雖差錯而亦未嘗不有統屬者也。
The above is the correspondence between the sixty dragons and the seventy-two phases, based on the Hidden Trigram. Among these, only these twelve dragons—Wuzi, Jichou, Gengyin, Xinmao, Renchen, Guisi, Jiawu, Yiwei, Bingshen, Dingyou, Wuxu, and Jihai—each correspond to two trigrams. This is because these twelve dragons fall exactly at the boundaries between two solar terms. Ancients called them the "dragons of yin and yang discrepancy," as each is half belonging to the previous solar term and half to the next. Therefore, they must be clearly divided between the two. Although they are called discrepancies, they are not without a clear归属. When measuring dragons and encountering these twelve, one should first determine which side of the boundary it leans toward, and then select the corresponding trigram.
The Essentials of the Metal Divination with the Auspicious and Unauspicious Animals (Qin Qi Jin Gua Zong Yao)
以透地龍論入首龍脈,遁取九宮,看三奇在何宮,四吉即金水日月、六親、人丁即子位、田宅即父、奴僕即兄弟、官貴即鬼爻、貴人、祿馬諸吉落在何宮。如在一宮即看坎山水、在二宮即看坤山水、三宮即看震山水、四宮即看巽山水、五宮同二宮、六宮即看乾山水、七宮即看兌山水、八宮即看艮方山水、九宮即看離方山水。若諸吉之方又有奇峰秀水朝應,允為上吉之地,所謂收四吉之山,發三奇之水,迎官就祿,趨吉避凶,使貴人秉柄,祿馬效用,鬼劫不侵,去孤虛,乘旺相,屏龜甲,皆金卦之玄奧,葬法之微機也。
Using the concept of the penetrating dragon to assess the main dragon ridge: first, determine the nine palaces, and see where the Three Marvels fall. Then examine the four auspicious elements (metal, water, sun, moon) and the Six Relations — for descendants and people, look at the son's yao; for fields and houses, look at the parents' yao; for servants, look at the brothers' yao; for officials and nobles, look at the official ghost yao — as well as the nobleman,禄马 (favorable horse), and other auspicious factors, and see which palace they fall into. If they fall into the first palace, look at the mountains and waters in the Kan direction; if they fall into the second palace, look at the mountains and waters in the坤 direction; the third palace looks at the Zhen direction; the fourth palace looks at the Xun direction; the fifth palace is the same as the second palace; the sixth palace looks at the Qian direction; the seventh palace looks at the Dui direction; the eighth palace looks at the Gen direction; and the ninth palace looks at the Li direction. If these auspicious stars are in a direction that also has a unique peak and flowing water coming to respond, then it is indeed an excellent site. This is what is called receiving the four auspicious mountains and activating the three marvels waters, welcoming the official star, being close to禄马, seeking auspiciousness and avoiding misfortune, allowing the nobleman to hold power,禄马 to function effectively, and the ghost yao and Robbery Sha to be unable to invade. Removing 'gū' (solitude) and 'xū' (hollowness), riding on 'wàng' (strength) and 'xiàng' (prosperity), eliminating 'guījiǎ' (tortoise shell) empty fate — these are the profound mysteries of the golden卦 and the subtle mechanisms of burial methods. In actual practice, first determine which penetrating dragon the main dragon ridge belongs to, then use the nine palaces to arrange the various auspicious factors, and finally return to the site to check each direction where the auspicious stars are located: are the mountain shapes elegant and prominent, and is the water flow harmonious and meaningful? Only by comparing these two aspects can a conclusion be drawn.
廖氏曰:“穴向分金有一百二十。空於旬者二十四,空於龜甲者二十四,為鬼殺者三十六,其可用者三十六。故曰得卦不得金,枉費用工心。得金不得卦,謾自空閒話。”金卦兩全,方為上吉。然龜甲之穴又有說。若龍合上格,勢勇形強,龍氣太露,宜用龜甲。補註甲壬陽孤,乙癸陰虛,共二十四位。又龜甲乃戊己二位,亦二十四。其鬼煞即羊刃、飛刃是也。
Liao Jinjing said: The directions of the grave site, divided into the 120 kinds of golden measurements, have twenty-four falling into the旬空, twenty-four falling into the turtle shell void, thirty-six belonging to ghostly evils, and only thirty-six are truly usable. Therefore, it is said: obtaining the hexagram but not the golden measurement is a waste of effort; obtaining the golden measurement but not the hexagram is just empty talk. Only when both the hexagram and the golden measurement are obtained can it be considered highly auspicious. However, when using the turtle shell position to determine the grave site, there is another explanation: if the coming dragon is in harmony with the upper pattern, with strong momentum and robust form, and the dragon energy is overly exposed, it is actually suitable to use the turtle shell position to contain it. Note: The yang positions of 'solitude' are Jia and Ren, while the yin positions of 'emptiness' are Yi and Gui, totaling twenty-four positions; the turtle shell refers to Wu and Ji, also twenty-four positions. The so-called ghostly evils refer to 'shearing knife' and 'flying knife'.
青田誠意劉先生伯溫曰:“收五行精靈之氣,歸藏於穴中,不犯克洩,以傷其和。召金水日月之英華,使照靈於穴上,天將護其外,三奇孕其胎,則神藏而不散矣。佈於二十四山者為明煞,隱於六十分金、三百六十五度之中者為曜煞,見於砂水之來去為形殺,藏於年月日時者為星煞。
Qingtian person, the Marquess of Sincerity Liu Ji (style name Bo Wen), said: one should gather the spirits of the Five Phases and contain them within the site, so that they are not harmed by being overcome or drained, thus preserving the harmony of the vital energy. One should invite the essence of metal, water, sun, and moon to illuminate the site. If there is a Heavenly General guarding outside and the Three Marvels developing inside, then the spirit and energy will be contained and not dispersed. As for malevolent influences, they are divided into four types: those spread over the twenty-four mountains are called 'bright malevolent influences'; those hidden within the sixty minute golds and the 365 degrees of the celestial circle are called 'celestial malevolent influences'; those manifested in the forms of terrain and water flow are called 'form malevolent influences'; and those concealed within the years, months, days, and hours are called 'star malevolent influences'.
結二十四山及六十分金、三百六十五度內,以至於砂水之中者,以向上消息之,使合法度,而不致傷制本氣之眞。若年月日時之中有星煞無星煞,則以年月日時克擇之間,求合法度而已。生旺之氣,行於一十二方,即長生、帝旺之位,運於年月日時者,即五運六氣之順布,以向上審五氣之生旺,以年月審氣運之流行,俾收生氣於穴中,斯為作用之善也。
All evils formed within the twenty-four mountains, the sixty divisions of the golden directions, and the full circle of three hundred and sixty-five degrees, as well as those formed within the sand and water, must be considered from the sitting and facing directions to determine their growth and decline, ensuring they conform to proper principles and do not harm or restrict the true qi of the mountain and its original energy. As for whether there are star evils in the year, month, day, or hour, this is only considered when selecting the year, month, day, and hour to ensure they conform to proper principles. The vital energy of growth and prosperity moves through the twelve directions, which are the positions of growth and prosperity; it flows through the years, months, days, and hours, which correspond to the sequential arrangement of the five movements and six qi. By examining the generation and prosperity of the five qi from the sitting direction, and the flow of qi movements from the year and month, we must ensure that the vital qi is gathered into the site—only then is the method considered correct.
Original Heavenly Stars
紫微垣以下四垣星圖並步天歌俱見龍法卷。中天北極紫微星垣,天星之宸極,太乙之常居也,正臨亥地,為天帝之最尊,所以南面而立者也。後有四輔四星居壬,勾陳六星居辛,六甲六星居幹,天綱八星居戌,華蓋九星居坎,閣道五星居癸,咸池五星居丑,八轂八星居艮,天將軍四星居寅,內陛六星居甲,司命六貴人在震,三師三星在乙,天理四星居辰,五諸侯居巽,內廚二星居巳,四貴人四星臨丙,帝座二星居午,大理二星居丁,天槍三星居未,女床三星居坤,天棓五星居申,陽德、陰德二星居庚,內屏二星居兌,天乙、柱史、女史三星居辛,而有左衛七相、右衛七將以藩帝室。
The star charts of the four palaces below the Purple Forbidden Enclosure are already described in the chapters of this book discussing dragon methods. The Purple Forbidden Enclosure, located at the celestial pole in the middle of the sky, is the central hub of the heavenly stars. It is the dwelling place of Taiyi, facing the亥 position on the compass, and represents the most exalted ruler among the heavenly emperors, standing facing south. Behind it: four assistants are located at the壬 position, Gou Chen at the辛 position, six Jia stars at the乾 position, eight Tian Gang stars at the戌 position, the "Huagai" constellation with nine stars at the坎 position, the Ge Dao constellation with five stars at the癸 position, the Xianchi constellation with five stars at the丑 position, eight Gǔ stars at the艮 position (the original text says "eight Gǔ"), four Tian Jiang stars at the寅 position, six Nei Bi stars at the甲 position, the Director of Destiny and six Noblemen at the震 position, three Shī stars at the乙 position, four Tian Li stars at the辰 position, five Huo Zhen at the巽 position, two Nei Chu stars at the巳 position, four Noblemen at the丙 position, two Di Zuo stars at the午 position, two Da Li stars at the丁 position, three Tian Qiang stars at the未 position, three Nu Cang stars at the坤 position, five Tian Bang stars at the申 position, two Yang De and Yin De stars at the庚 position, two Nei Ping stars at the兑 position, three Tian Yi, Zhu Shi, and Nu Shi stars at the辛 position; there are also seven Left Guards and seven Right Guards surrounding the imperial palace. The above describes the assignment of all the stars in the Purple Forbidden Enclosure to the twenty-four positions of the compass.
太階、六符以輔治,北斗七政以翼垣。其氣行於地,實為上吉之壤。地法以亥為正垣,貴南而賤北者,從天極而來也。
There are also the Great Steps and six symbols assisting in governance, with the Seven Stars of the Big Dipper protecting and supporting the main celestial mansion. When the energy of this mansion reaches the earth, it is indeed an excellent and auspicious land. The principles of geomancy consider the亥 position as the main mansion of Purple Micro, emphasizing the south and neglecting the north, which is derived from the direction of the celestial pole above. Whenever a dragon pulse enters and settles at the亥 position, it corresponds to the energy of this mansion. When examining a site and encountering a dragon from the亥 direction, one should first check whether it is upright and dignified, conforming to the appearance of "facing south and standing."
The Heavenly Market Enclosure
東府天市星垣,天帝泉貨之府司也。中有帝座,正臨艮地。有稱、斗、車、舟、府庫、市樓、市肆以實其中,貫索、宗人、左右侍衛。匡衡《列國分野二十四星》曰:宋、南海、燕、東海、徐、吳越、齊、中山、九河、河間、晉、鄭、周、秦、巴、蜀、梁、楚、韓、西河等藩列四方。貴人一星,旁照庚地,為捍衛府庫之官。司命一星正臨丁地,為五福壽命之司。其氣行於地,實為上吉之壤。地法以艮為吉氣,貴南而賤北者,從天星也。
The Eastern Mansion, part of the Heavenly Market star cluster, is the office of the Heavenly Emperor managing treasures and wealth. Within this cluster there is the Imperial Seat, facing the position of Gen. There are stars such as称, 斗, 车, 舟, 府库, 市楼, 市肆, which fill the cluster, along with 贯索, 宗人, and left and right attendants. Kuang Heng's "Twenty-Four Stars of the States" says that stars such as Song, Nanhai, Yan, Donghai, Xu, Wu Yue, Qi, Zhongshan, Jihe, Hejian, Jin, Zheng, Zhou, Qin, Ba, Shu, Liang, Chu, Han, and Xihé are arranged in the four directions. Among these, the star Nobleman is located near the position of Geng, being an official guarding the treasury; the star Director of Destiny is directly over the position of Ding, being an official in charge of the five blessings and lifespan. The qi of this cluster, when it reaches the earth, is indeed a superior auspicious land. The principles of geomancy regard the position of Gen as auspicious, emphasizing the south and deeming the north less important, which is in accordance with the arrangement of the heavenly stars. Whenever a tomb is located in the Gen direction and receives the right qi, it often indicates abundant wealth.
Little Wei Enclosure
西掖少微星垣,士大夫權天帝文章之司府也,正居辛兌。中有帝座,正臨兌地。西有隨星五,為宮掖。內平四星為之御,中有虎賁、中郎、秘府、僉史、三少從官。左有軒轅長垣為之藩衛,右有帝師、帝友、客卿、博士六星為之侍御。後有三臺,前有長平。其氣行於地,寔為次吉之壤。地法以兌辛為貴龍吉氣,從天星也。
The Western Enclosure of the Lesser Weiqi Star Cluster is the celestial office where officials handle the imperial documents, located in the area of Xin and Dui. Within the enclosure, there is the Imperial Seat facing the Dui position. To the west, there are five stars called Suixing, serving as the palace and corridor; four stars called Neiping guard it. Among them are subordinate officials such as Hubei, Zhonglang, Mifuyu, Qianshi, and Sanshao. To the left, the Xuanyuan and Changyuan stars serve as the outer defenses and barriers, while to the right, six stars called Dishi, Diyou, Keqing, and Boshi serve as attendants. Behind is SanTai, and in front is Changping. The qi of this star cluster, when it reaches the earth, forms a second-rate auspicious land. The geomantic method considers Dui and Xin as noble dragons and auspicious qi, which is determined according to the celestial stars. Places where literary talent flourishes and people achieve prominence often correspond to this star cluster.
Taiwei Enclosure
南宮太微星垣,三光之庭,天帝受釐告功之室也。中有五帝座,正居北地。太乙、五尙書正居巽地。中有郎官、三公、謁者、九卿、五侯以輔導帝極。前有明堂三星居巳,靈臺三星居午,常陳為耳目之官,西將、東相各四星為藩垣,東華、西華以為門掖,左右執法二星,左右掖門二星。後有太陽守、太陰守各二星為衛,有張、翼、軫三宿為侍。其氣行於地,實為次吉之壤。地法以巽、丙為貴龍吉氣者,從天星也。
The Southern Palace and the Taiwei Star Enclosure is the courtyard of the three luminaries, the Sun, Moon, and Stars, and the hall where the Heavenly Emperor receives sacrifices and announces his achievements. Within the enclosure, there are the thrones of the Five Emperors, with the central one located on the northern side; Taiyi and the Five Ministers are located at the position of Xun. There are officials such as attendants, the Three Excellencies, petitioners, the Nine Ministers, and the Five Marquises who assist the supreme ruler. In front, there are three stars of the Bright Hall located at the Si position, and three stars of the Lingtai located at the Wu position. The constant attendants are the officials of the ears and eyes. The Western General and Eastern Minister each have four stars forming the outer walls, while the Eastern Huahua and Western Huahua serve as the gates. There are also two stars of the Left and Right Law Officials and two stars of the Left and Right Gate Officials. Behind, there are two stars each of the Sun Guardian and the Moon Guardian to guard, and the three constellations Zhang, Yi, and Zhen serve as attendants. The qi of this enclosure, when it reaches the earth, is indeed a second-rate auspicious land. The principles of geomancy consider Xun and Bing as noble dragons and auspicious qi, which is also determined by following the stars. Whenever a dragon comes from Xun or Bing and starts, it corresponds to the noble qi of this enclosure.
紫微垣以四貴人臨丙而貴,陰德臨庚而武,五尚書臨巽而文,天乙臨辛而壽,八穀臨艮而富,司命臨震而饒財,大理臨丁而旺人。天市垣以司祿臨丁而壽,貴人臨庚而貴,貫索臨巽而富,宗人臨丙而旺人,車、舟、斗、秤臨辛地而饒財。少微垣以五諸侯臨丁而貴,三少臨艮而富,虎賁臨震而武,僉史臨丙而文,長平臨巽而饒財。太微垣以常陳臨艮地而貴,郎官臨庚地而富,九卿臨辛而饒財,三公臨丁地而壽。若此者,皆其向背情性也。地法凡狀裁之法,悉宜精審。
The Purple Micro Enclosure has four noblemen governing the Bing position to indicate wealth, Yin Virtue governing the Geng position to indicate martial prowess, five ministers governing the Xun position to indicate literature, the Heavenly Ethical governing the Xin position to indicate longevity, eight grains governing the Gen position to indicate wealth, the Director of Destiny governing the Zhen position to indicate abundance of property and resources, and the Great Justice governing the Ding position to indicate a flourishing population. The Heavenly Market Enclosure has the Director of Merit governing the Ding position to indicate longevity, the nobleman governing the Geng position to indicate wealth, the Chain of Stars governing the Xun position to indicate wealth, the Clan Officer governing the Bing position to indicate a flourishing population, and the chariot, boat, bucket, and scale governing the Xin position to indicate abundance of property and resources. The Lesser Micro Enclosure has five feudal lords governing the Ding position to indicate wealth, the Three Young Ones governing the Gen position to indicate wealth, the Tiger's Vanguard governing the Zhen position to indicate martial prowess, the Assistant Historian governing the Bing position to indicate literature, and the Changping governing the Xun position to indicate abundance of property and resources. The Great Micro Enclosure has the Permanent Order governing the Gen position to indicate wealth, the Attendant Officer governing the Geng position to indicate wealth, the Nine Ministers governing the Xin position to indicate abundance of property and resources, and the Three Princes governing the Ding position to indicate longevity. All of these are manifestations of the stars' directions and their inherent qualities. In geomancy, when assessing and shaping the terrain, one should carefully examine these factors.
Celestial Stars
角亢氐房心尾箕,斗牛女虛危室壁,奎婁胃昴畢觜參,井鬼柳星張翼軫。丘公曰:地法以二十八宿為經分度,分配八方,推之為二十四路。又以二十八宿分配日月五星,緯星之炁分而隸之,就分配分野。天禽、地獸、 在人各有主其所,以消息陰陽,辨其吉凶,論其情性,按其分野,布天星,立四正,占山川之所產,察人物之善惡,其理微矣。
The order of the Twenty-Eight Mansions is: Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, Ji; Dou, Niu, Nu, Xu, Wei, Shi, Bi; Kui, Lou, Wei, Mao, Bi, Zi, Can; Jing, Gui, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, Zhen. Qiu Yanchan said: The method of geography takes the Twenty-Eight Mansions as the main axis, divides degrees, assigns them to the eight directions, and then extends them into twenty-four paths; it also distributes the Twenty-Eight Mansions among the sun, moon, and five planets, assigning the atmospheric influences of the constellations to each, according to which the regions are divided. The celestial birds and the terrestrial beasts (the original text here is missing), each have their respective masters in human affairs. They are used to regulate yin and yang, distinguish auspicious and inauspicious signs, determine temperament, check the regions, arrange the stars, establish the four cardinal directions, predict the products of mountains and rivers, and examine the virtues and vices of people. The principles involved are very subtle.
吳公云:二十八宿,經星也,非二十八宿無以正天下之分度。故春分而星鳥昏中,夏至而星火昏中,秋分而星虛昏中,冬至而星昴昏中。以是占侯四時,察詳地紀,深為著明矣。今以二十八宿論之,上而在天則有纏度之多寡,下而在地有分野之盈縮,在人有庶類之司,在物有禽獸之肖,在星則有列位之配,在位則有分金之類矣。《理氣心印》。
Wu Jingluan said: The Twenty-Eight Mansions are "celestial stars," without the Twenty-Eight Mansions, it would be impossible to correct the measurements of the world. Therefore, at the time of the Vernal Equinox, the bird star (the Vermilion Bird) appears due south at sunset; at the Summer Solstice, the fire star (the Heart Mansion) appears due south at sunset; at the Autumnal Equinox, the Xu star appears due south at sunset; and at the Winter Solstice, the昴 star appears due south at sunset. Using these to observe the four seasons and examine the earth's boundaries is very clear. Now, discussing the Twenty-Eight Mansions: in the heavens, they have varying degrees of celestial latitude; on the earth, they have varying territories; in human affairs, they correspond to different people's responsibilities; in animals, they correspond to the forms of birds and beasts; in stars, they correspond to their positions; in directions, they correspond to the classification of the compass. Observing the mansions must consider the heavens, the earth, humans, and things together. This statement comes from the "Li Qi Xin Yun."
角:二星,十三少。為武權,為賊將。在炁為木,在肖為蛟。 步天歌兩星南北正直著,中有平道上天田。總是黑星兩相連,別有一焉名進賢,平道右畔獨淵然。最上三星周鼎形,角下天門左平星。雙雙橫於庫樓上,庫樓十星屈曲明。樓中五柱十五星。三三相聚如鼎形。其中四星列名衡,南門樓外兩星橫。補註角宿主布君之威信。平道主天子八達之衢。天田主內封建。進賢主卿相舉逸才,又主吏部之事。周鼎主國之神器,占運祚。天門主朝聘。平星廷尉之象。庫樓,其六大星為庫,南四星為樓,兵車之府,亦名衡,主陳兵。南門,天之外門也,主守兵,亦主夷狄。
Jiaoxu: two stars, occupying thirteen degrees with a little less than half a degree. It presages military authority and also signifies a traitorous general. In terms of the Five Elements, it belongs to wood; in terms of the生肖, it corresponds to the dragon. The "Step-by-Step Song" says: two stars stand upright, one to the south and one to the north, straight and proper, with a flat path in the middle, above which is Tian Tian. The two black stars are paired together, while another star named Jin Xian stands alone on the right side of the flat path. The three stars at the top form the shape of the Zhou Ding; below Jiaoxu is Tian Men, with Ping Xing on the left. The two stars are arranged horizontally above Kulu, with Kulu consisting of ten stars arranged in a curved and clear manner. The five pillars in the middle contain fifteen stars, grouped in threes, forming the shape of a Ding. Among them, four stars are arranged in a line, named Heng, with Nanmen located outside Kulu, two stars arranged horizontally. Note: Jiaoxu presages the announcement of the king's authority; Ping Dao represents the great roads of the Son of Heaven, connecting all directions; Tian Tian presages the internal feudal states; Jin Xian presages the recommendation of talented individuals by ministers and also relates to the Ministry of Personnel; Zhou Ding presages the national treasures and the fate of the country; Tian Men presages the homage of the feudal lords; Ping Xing represents the Minister of Justice; the six large stars in Kulu represent the storehouse, with the four stars in front representing the building, which is the military warehouse, also called Heng, presaging the display of military equipment; Nanmen is the outer gate of heaven, presaging the soldiers defending the borders and also the barbarians.
亢:四星,九度。為賊病,為蠱毒。在炁為金,在肖為龍,其在氣也為暗金。步天歌四星恰似彎弓狀,大角一星直上明。折威七子亢下橫,大角右左攝提星。三三相聚如鼎形,折威下左頓頑星,兩個斜安黃色精。頑西二星號陽門,色若頓頑直下存。補註亢宿主疾疫。大角主天王座也。折威主斬殺,攝提夾輔帝座也,主九卿。頓頑主考察囚犯情偽狀。陽門主邊塞險陰之地。
Kang Xu: four stars, covering nine degrees. It governs thieves and illness, as well as蛊 poison. In terms of qi, it belongs to metal, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the dragon. In terms of qi, it is also called "dark metal." The "Step Heaven Song" says: four stars form the shape of a bent bow, with the Big Angle star shining brightly above; below Kang Xu, the Folded威 seven stars are arranged horizontally, with the Big Angle star on the left and right being the She Ti stars, which gather in threes like the shape of a tripod; below the Folded威 on the left side is the Dun Wen star, with two stars slanting and shining with yellow light; to the west of the Dun Wen star are two stars called Yang Men, which have the same color as the Dun Wen star, located directly beneath them. Supplemental note: Kang Xu governs epidemics; the Big Angle star is the seat of the heavenly king; Folded威 governs execution; She Ti supports the imperial throne and governs the nine ministers; Dun Wen governs the examination of the truth in prisoners' confessions; Yang Men governs the hidden and strategic locations of the borders. Since Kang Xu belongs to dark metal, any dragon or mountain falling within its degrees should most avoid encountering heavy metal qi again.
氐:四星,十六度半。在氣為土,在肖為貉。步天歌四星似斗側量米,天乳氐上黑一星,世人不識稱無名。一個招搖梗河上,梗河橫列三星狀。帝席三黑河之西,亢池六星近攝提。氐下眾星騎官出,騎官之眾二十七。三三相聚十欠一,陣車氐下騎官次。騎官下三車騎位,天輻兩星立陣旁,將軍陣裡震威霜。補註氐宿主天子之路寢。天乳主甘露。上黑主明兵。梗河,天子以備不虞,主兵喪。帝席主天子宴樂、獻壽之所。克池主舟楫迎送。騎官主天子騎土之象。陣車,騎官之上都車馬之將也。天輻主鸞駕,將軍主騎將。
Dishi mansion consists of four stars and spans sixteen and a half degrees. It belongs to the earth element and corresponds to the animal貉 in the生肖. The "Step Heaven Song" says that the four stars resemble a measuring vessel turned sideways to measure grain; above Dishi mansion is a black star called Tianru, which people do not recognize and simply call it "Wuming"; a star called Zhayaoshao is located above Genghe, with Genghe consisting of three stars arranged horizontally; three black stars called Dixi are located west of Genghe, and Kanglechi consists of six stars close to SheTi; below Dishi mansion, the stars are called Qiguan, which consists of twenty-seven stars, grouped in threes with a few missing to make up ten; Zhenche is located below Dishi mansion and above Qiguan, with three stars below Qiguan representing the position of chariots and cavalry; two stars called Tianfu stand by the side of the formation, and the general is located in the center of the formation, commanding with authority like frost. Supplemental note: Dishi mansion governs the sovereign's main residence; Tianru governs sweet dew; the upper black star governs clear troops; Genghe is used by the sovereign for defense against unexpected events and governs military affairs and funerals; Dixi governs the sovereign's banquet hall and place for presenting longevity; Kanglechi governs the use of boats and ships for welcoming and sending off; Qiguan represents the sovereign's cavalry; Zhenche is the general who commands the cavalry and chariots above Qiguan; Tianfu governs the imperial carriage; and the general governs the cavalry commander.
房:四星,五度半。在炁為日,在肖為兔。步天歌四星直下主明堂,鍵閉一黃斜向上。鉤鈐兩個近其旁,罰有三星值鍵上,兩咸夾罰似房狀。房下一星號為日,從官兩個日下出。補註房宿主佈政官也。鍵閉主閉藏。鉤鈐房之鈐鍵,天之管鑰。旁罰主皮金贖罪,兩咸各四星,為房之戶,主防淫泆也。為日,主明德耳。
Fang Su consists of four stars and spans half a degree. It belongs to the element of the sun and corresponds to the生肖 rabbit. The "Step Heaven Song" says: four stars are arranged in a straight line, indicating the Bright Hall; a key star is a single yellow star slanting above them; two hook stars are closely located beside them; the punishment stars consist of three stars, directly above the key star; two salty stars flank the punishment stars, and their shape resembles that of Fang Su; below Fang Su there is a star named "Sun," with two officials' stars located beneath the Sun star. Note: Fang Su governs officials responsible for administration; the key star governs concealment; the hook stars are the lock and key of Fang Su, representing the heavenly instruments of control; the punishment stars indicate the redemption of sins through leather and silk; the two salty stars, each consisting of four stars, are the gates of Fang Su, governing the prevention of excess; the star named "Sun" signifies moral virtue.
心:三星,五度。為營室,在炁為月,在肖為狐。步天歌三星中央色最深,下有積卒共十二,三三相聚心下是。補註心宿中星為天子,前星為太子,後星為庶子。積卒主五營軍士。尾:九星,十七度。為不和,為賊盜,在炁為火,在肖為虎。步天歌九星如鉤蒼龍尾,下頭五黑號龜星。尾上天江四橫是,尾東一個名傅說。傅說東畔一魚子,龜西一星是神宮,所以列在后妃中。補註尾宿后妃之府,在官之傷也。龜星主國吉凶,亦主水旱。大江主水,亦主關道。傅說主後宮,傅說所嗣。魚子主水旱,亦主魚。神宮解衣內望。
The Heart Mansion consists of three stars and spans five degrees. It belongs to the element of Qi and corresponds to the animal of the fox. The "Step Heaven Song" says: Among the three stars, the central one is the darkest, and below it there are twelve accumulated soldiers, grouped in threes, located beneath the Heart Mansion. Note: The central star represents the Son of Heaven, the one before it represents the Crown Prince, and the one after it represents the庶son; the accumulated soldiers represent the soldiers of the five camps. The Tail Mansion consists of nine stars and spans seventeen degrees. It signifies discord and also thieves; it belongs to the element of fire and corresponds to the animal of the tiger. The "Step Heaven Song" says: The nine stars curve like a hook, forming the tail of the Azure Dragon; below them, five black stars are called the Turtle Stars; above the Tail Mansion, four stars are arranged horizontally as the Heavenly River; to the east of the Tail Mansion, there is one star called Fu Yue; east of Fu Yue, there is a star called Fish Seed; west of the Turtle Stars, there is one star called the Divine Palace, hence it is placed among the concubines. Note: The Tail Mansion is the residence of the concubines and also signifies injury to officials; the Turtle Stars signify the country's fortune and misfortune, as well as drought and flood; the Heavenly River signifies water and also passes and roads; Fu Yue signifies the inner court and those who inherit the lineage of Fu Yue; Fish Seed signifies drought and flood, as well as fish; the Divine Palace is the place where one undresses and sleeps.
箕:四星,十度。為口舌,為公訟。在炁為水,在肖為豹。步天歌四星形狀如簸箕,箕下三星名木杵。箕前一黑是糠秕。補註箕宿后妃之位,主八風,並口舌蠻夷。木杵主豐歉。下糠同糠秕,與杵星同。
Jixu consists of four stars and spans ten degrees. It governs speech and disputes, as well as matters concerning the sovereign. In terms of the Five Elements, it belongs to water, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the leopard. The "Step Heaven Song" says: the four stars form the shape of a winnowing basket; three stars beneath Jixu are called the wooden pestle; and a black star before Jixu is called the chaff. Supplemental note: Jixu represents the position of the empress and governs the winds from all directions, as well as speech and matters involving barbarians; the wooden pestle governs the abundance or scarcity of crops; the star below, called chaff, is the same as the chaff star, and together with the pestle star, it also governs the abundance or scarcity of crops.
斗:六星,二十四度。為文職,為科名。在炁為木,在肖為獬。步天歌六星其狀似北斗,魁上建星三相對。天弁建上三三九,斗下團圓十四星。雖然名鱉貫索形,天雞建背雙黑星。天鑰柄前八黃精,狗國四方雞下生。天淵十星鱉東邊,更有兩狗斗魁前。農家丈人斗下眠,天淵十黃狗色玄。補註斗宿為宰相,酌量政事之宜,尤主天子之事。斗即斗南六星也。建主為謀事。天弁市官之長。建上主列肆。鱉為水,雖主水旱。天雞主候時。天鑰主鎖鑰關閉。狗國主鮮卑、烏桓、沃沮。天淵主海中魚鱉,亦主水旱。兩狗主吠守,防奸回也。丈人主稼穡。天淵與前同。
The Dipper mansion consists of six stars and spans twenty-four degrees. It governs civil officials and academic achievements. In terms of energy, it belongs to the wood element, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the獬. The "Step Heaven Song" says: the six stars resemble the Big Dipper; above the魁 star, there are three stars facing each other in groups of three; the天弁 is located above the建星, with nine stars in total; beneath the Dipper mansion, there are fourteen stars arranged in a circular formation, although they are called turtles, they form the shape of a string of beads; the天鸡 is located behind the建星, consisting of two black stars; the天钥 is located before the handle of the Dipper, with eight yellow stars; the狗国 consists of four stars situated beneath the天鸡; the天渊 consists of ten stars located to the east of the turtle stars; before the Dipper's handle, there are also two dog stars; the farmer's elder star is located beneath the Dipper mansion, lying in peace; the天渊 consists of ten yellow stars, and the dog stars are black. Additional note: the Dipper mansion represents the prime minister, who deliberates on the appropriateness of state affairs, especially concerning the emperor's matters; the Dipper refers to the six stars of the Southern Dipper; the建星 governs matters of strategy and deliberation; the天弁 is the head of market officials; above the建星, it governs market stalls; the turtle belongs to the water element and governs water and drought; the天鸡 governs the timing of seasonal changes; the天钥 governs the locking and closing of doors and keys; the狗国 governs the Xianbei, Wuhuan, and Wozu tribes; the天渊 governs marine fish and turtles, as well as water and drought; the two dog stars govern barking and guarding, preventing evil; the elder star governs farming; the天渊 is the same as previously mentioned.
牛:六星,七度。為尙,為僧道。在氣為金,在肖為牛。其地殺也為暗金。步天歌六星近在河岸頭,頭上雖然有兩角,腹下從來欠一腳。牛下九黑是天田,田下三三九坎連。牛上直建三河鼓,鼓上三星號織女。左旗右旗各九星,河鼓兩岸左邊明。更有四黃名天桴,河鼓直下如連珠。羅堰三烏牛東居,漸臺四星如口形。輦道東足下五丁,輦道漸臺在河滸,欲得見時近織女。補註牛宿主牛,天田主天子京內之田。九坎、河鼓、織女、天桴主定漏刻。羅堰主蓄水。漸臺主漏刻、律呂之事。輦道主天子嬉遊之道。
Niu Xu: six stars, seven degrees. It presides over respect and reverence, and also over monks and Taoists. In terms of the Five Elements, it belongs to metal; in terms of the生肖, it corresponds to the ox. In terms of the earthly killer, it is also called "Dark Metal." The "Step Heaven Song" says: six stars are close to the bank of the Milky Way, although they have two horns on top, they lack one foot below; nine black stars beneath Niu Xu are called Tian Tian, beneath Tian Tian are nine Kan stars connected in threes; three vertical stars stand above Niu Xu called He Gu; above He Gu are three stars called Zhi Nu; the left and right flags each have nine stars, and the left side of He Gu is considered bright; there are also four yellow stars called Tian Fu, located directly below He Gu like a string of pearls; three black stars called Luo Yan are located to the east of Niu Xu; four stars called Jie Tai form the shape of a mouth; five stars are located below the feet of Nian Dao to the east; Nian Dao and Jie Tai are both located by the bank of the Milky Way, if you want to see them, go near Zhi Nu. Supplementary note: Niu Xu presides over the ox; Tian Tian presides over the fields within the capital area of the Son of Heaven; nine Kan stars, He Gu, Zhi Nu, and Tian Fu preside over the determination of the water clock; Luo Yan presides over water storage; Jie Tai presides over the water clock and the pitch-pipes; Nian Dao presides over the path of the Son of Heaven for leisure.
女:四星,十一度半。為巧藝,為淫亂。在氣為土,在物為蝠。步天歌四星如箕主嫁娶,十二諸侯在下陳。先從越國向西論,東西兩周次三秦。雍州南下雙雁門,代國向西一晉伸。韓魏各一皆北輪,楚之一國魏西屯。楚城南畔獨燕軍,燕西一郡是齊鄰。齊北兩邑平原君,欲知鄭在越下存,十六黃星細區分。五個離珠女上星,敗瓜之上瓠瓜生,兩個各五瓠瓜明。天津九個彈弓形,兩星入牛河中橫。四個奚仲天津上,七個仲側扶筐星。補註女宿天之府也,亦主媍女之位,亦主女工及產阨。越、周、秦、雙雁、代也。代國、晉、韓、魏、楚、燕、齊、趙、鄭有變,各以其國。離珠,須女之藏也。敗瓜主種值。瓠瓜主陰謀果食。天津主關梁,亦主水溪。右車正也。扶筐主蠶事。
Female Mansion: It consists of four stars and spans eleven and a half degrees. It governs skill and artistry, as well as licentiousness. In terms of elements, it belongs to earth, and in terms of creatures, it corresponds to bats. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: four stars resemble a winnowing basket, and they preside over marriage matters; twelve feudal states are arranged below them—starting from the state of Yue and counting westward, the Eastern Zhou and Western Zhou follow, then the Three Qins; from Yongzhou, southward come the two Yanmen Passes, and from Dai State, westward extends one province of Jin; Han and Wei each have one, arranged in order to the north; one star of Chu is stationed west of Wei; on the southern bank of Chu's city, there is a solitary star of Yan's army; to the west of Yan, one province borders Qi; to the north of Qi, two cities belong to Pingyuan Lord; to find out where Zheng State is, look below Yue; these sixteen yellow stars should be carefully distinguished. Five pearls of separation are above the Female Mansion; on top of the withered gourd, there grows a gourd, with five stars each in both places, clearly distinct; the Nine Stars of Tianjin form the shape of a crossbow, with two stars entering the Ox Mansion and lying across the Milky Way; four stars of Xizhong are above Tianjin; seven stars beside Xizhong are the star of Fu Kang. Note: The Female Mansion is the celestial treasury, also governing the position of women, as well as female craftsmanship and childbirth difficulties; the stars of Yue, Zhou, Qin, the two Yanmen, and Dai, etc., correspond to the states of Dai, Jin, Han, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi, Zhao, and Zheng, and if there are changes in these states, they correspond to their respective stars; the pearls of separation are the treasures of Shuxi; the withered gourd governs planting; the gourd governs plots and food; Tianjin governs bridges and roads, as well as rivers and streams; Xizhong is the official in charge of chariots (the original text says 'right official of chariots'); Fu Kang governs sericulture. The entire path of the Female Mansion mostly relates to women and weaving, and those whose position falls within this mansion are likely to experience good or bad fortune within the household.
虛:二星,九度半。為哭泣,為喪狗。在炁為日,在肖為鼠。步天歌上下各一如連珠,命祿危非虛上呈。危虛之下哭泣星,哭泣雙雙下壘城。天壘團圓十三星,敗臼四星城下橫,臼西三個離瑜明。補註虛宿,冡宰之象,亦主死喪。命主行罰,司祿主爵祿。司危主驕佚,司非主愆過。哭泣主號哭。壘城主北夷、仃伶、匈奴。敗臼如哭泣,亦主飢兵。離瑜主媍人服飾。
The mansion of Emptiness consists of two stars, spanning nine and a half degrees. It governs weeping and the loss of dogs. In terms of atmospheric influence, it corresponds to the day, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the rat. The "Step Heaven Song" says: there are two stars above and two below, resembling a string of pearls; the stars of Director of Destiny, Director of Rank, Director of Peril, and Director of Fault are present above the mansion of Emptiness; below the mansions of Peril and Emptiness are the weeping stars, which come in pairs, and beneath them lies the city wall; the celestial city wall is a circle of thirteen stars; the broken mortar consists of four stars lying beneath the city wall; three bright stars of separation lie west of the broken mortar. Note: the mansion of Emptiness symbolizes the chief minister, and also presides over death and mourning; the Director of Destiny governs punishment, the Director of Rank governs rank and salary, the Director of Peril governs arrogance and indulgence, and the Director of Fault governs faults and errors; weeping stars govern crying; the city wall governs the northern barbarians, the Dingling, and the Xiongnu; the broken mortar is similar to the weeping stars, and also presides over famine and military calamity; the separation stars govern the attire of women.
危:三星,十八度。為蓋屋,為離宮。在炁為月,在肖為燕。步天歌三星不直曲為之,危上五黑號人星。人旁三四杵臼形,人上七星號車府。府上天鉤九黃晶,鉤上五烏子造父。危下四星號墳墓,墓下四星斜對虛。十個天錢梁下橫,墓旁兩星能蓋屋,身著黑衣危下宿。補註危宿義略同虛。人星主靜眾庶,防淫。杵主軍糧,亦主豐歉。舊同臼,此星能仰能覆。車府,兵車之府。天鉤主乘輦服飾法式。造父御官也。墳墓主喪葬之事。虛梁主園陵寢廟,非人所處。天錢主財帛之聚。葢屋主天子所居之室。
Wēi Sù: Three stars, eighteen degrees. It governs roofing a house and also the palace of separation. In terms of atmospheric influence, it corresponds to the month, and in the生肖, it corresponds to the swallow. The "Step-by-Step Song" says: The three stars of Wēi Sù are not aligned in a straight line, but are arranged in a winding manner. Above Wēi Sù, there are five black stars called Rén Xīng; beside Rén Xīng, there are three or four stars forming the shape of a pestle and mortar; above Rén Xīng, there are seven stars called Chē Fǔ; above Chē Fǔ, there are nine bright yellow stars called Tiān Gōu; above Tiān Gōu, there are five black stars called Zào Fù; below Wēi Sù, there are four stars called Fén Mù; below Fén Mù, there are four stars sloping opposite Xū Sù; ten stars called Tiān Qián lie horizontally beneath Xū Liáng; beside Fén Mù, there are two stars called Gài Wū, which are black in color and reside beneath Wēi Sù. Supplemental note: The meaning of Wēi Sù is roughly the same as Xū Sù. Rén Xīng governs quiet people and prevents disorder. Chǔ Xīng governs military provisions and also the abundance or scarcity of the harvest. Jìu Xīng is the same as the old interpretation; this star can be upright or inverted. Chē Fǔ is the storehouse for military chariots. Tiān Gōu governs the forms of chariots and clothing. Zào Fù is an official in charge of driving. Fén Mù governs funerary matters. Xū Liáng governs the royal tombs, ancestral temples, and shrines, not the dwellings of the living. Tiān Qián governs the accumulation of wealth. Gài Wū governs the palace of the Son of Heaven.
室:二星,十七度。為廟食,為王侯。在炁為火,在肖為豬。步天歌兩星上有離宮出,遶室三雙有六星。下頭六個雷電形,壘壁陣次十二星。十二兩頭大似井,陣下分佈羽林軍。四十五卒下為群,軍西四星多難論。仔細歷歷看區分,三粒黃金名鈇鉞,一個眞珠北落門。門東人魁九個子,四門一星天網是。雷旁兩黑土公吏,螣蛇室上二十一。補註室宿天子之宮。離宮天子之別宮。雷電主興雷動蟄,壘壁羽林之垣壘也。羽林,天軍也。鈇鉞亦誅夷。眞珠主非常以候兵。人魁主張禽獸之官。網主武帳,天子游獵之會所。公吏主土工官。螣蛇主水蟲。
Shi Xu: Two stars, spanning seventeen degrees. It governs the ancestral temple and the banquet hall, and also governs kings and princes. In terms of the Five Elements, it belongs to fire; in terms of the生肖, it corresponds to the pig. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: above the two stars, the Li Palace appears, surrounding the Shi Xu with three pairs of stars, totaling six; below, the six stars form the shape of lightning; the Lü Bi array follows, arranged with twelve stars, with the two ends forming a well-character shape; beneath the array, the Yu Lin army is deployed, with forty-five soldiers gathered below; to the west of the army, four stars are hard to distinguish, requiring careful identification of each one; three golden stars are named Fu Yue, and one pearl-like star is named Bei Luo Shi Men; to the east of Bei Luo Men are Ren Kui, nine stars; at the four gates, one star is Tian Wang; beside the lightning, two black stars are Tu Gong Li; Teng Sha consists of twenty-one stars above the Shi Xu. Supplemental note: Shi Xu is the palace of the Son of Heaven; the Li Palace is the secondary palace of the Son of Heaven; lightning governs thunder and the awakening of hibernating creatures; Lü Bi is the rampart of the Yu Lin army; Yu Lin is the heavenly army; Fu Yue also governs execution; the pearl star signifies extraordinary events, used to observe military affairs; Ren Kui governs officials in charge of animals; Tian Wang governs the military tent, which is the place where the Son of Heaven hunts and holds feasts; Tu Gong Li governs officials in charge of earthwork; Teng Sha governs water creatures.
壁:二星,十度。為文章,為秘府。在炁為水,在肖為貐。步天歌兩星下頭是霹靂,霹靂五星橫著行。雲雨次之日四方,壁上天廐十圓黃,鈇鑕五星羽林旁。補註壁宿圖書之府。霹靂主興雷。雲雨主水旱。天廐天馬之廐,今驛亭也。鈇鑕主斬蒭飼牛馬。
Wall Mansion: two stars, spanning ten degrees. It governs literature and also the secret archives. In terms of atmospheric elements, it belongs to water, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the lynx. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: two stars below are thunder, with five thunder stars arranged horizontally; cloud and rain stars follow closely, moving across the four directions; above Wall Mansion, the Heavenly Stable has ten round yellow stars; and the axe and铡 stars are located beside the Feather Forest. Commentary: Wall Mansion is the repository of books and documents; thunder governs lightning and thunderstorms; cloud and rain govern water and drought; Heavenly Stable is the stable for Heavenly Horses, equivalent to today's relay stations; and axe and铡 stars govern cutting grass for cattle and horses. All phenomena related to literary stars and secret archives often correspond with this mansion.
奎:十六星,十七度半。為文藻,為書府。在炁為木,在肖為狼。步天歌腰細頭尖如破鞋,一十六星遶鞋生。外屏七烏奎上橫,屏下七星天溷明。司空左畔土之精,奎上一星軍南門。河中六個閣道行,附路一星道旁明。五個吐花王良星,王良近上一策名。天策天溷與外屏,一十五星皆不明。補註奎宿,天之武庫也。外屏,天溷之蔽也,主人安危。下溷同天溷。司空主水土之事。南門主軍出入。閣道,天子游別宮之道。附路備閣道之敗復。王良,天子之御官也。策士,天子僕御。
Kui Xu: sixteen stars, seventeen and a half degrees. It governs literary talent and eloquence, and also the repository of writings. In terms of qi, it belongs to the wood element, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the wolf. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: its shape is thin in the waist and pointed at the head, resembling a broken shoe, with sixteen stars surrounding it in a shoe-like formation; seven dark stars lie horizontally above Kui Xu, called the outer screen; beneath the outer screen, seven stars called Tian Hun are located, which are quite bright; on the left side is Si Kong, representing the essence of earth; one star above Kui Xu is Jun Nan Men; within the Milky Way, six stars form Ge Dao; one star called Fu Lu lies beside Ge Dao and is bright; five stars resembling blooming flowers are Wang Liang; one star above Wang Liang is called Ce. Tian Ce, Tian Hun, and the outer screen, totaling fifteen stars, are not bright. Note: Kui Xu is the military storehouse of heaven; the outer screen serves as a cover for Tian Hun, governing the safety and danger of people; the lower Hun is the same as Tian Hun; Si Kong governs water and earth affairs; Jun Nan Men governs the entry and exit of military forces; Ge Dao is the passage for the emperor to tour other palaces; Fu Lu is the alternative route in case Ge Dao is damaged; Wang Liang is the official who drives the emperor's carriage; and Ce star is the attendant of the emperor.
婁:三星,十三度。為聚眾,為代文。在炁為金,在肖為狗。其在炁也為暗金。步天歌三星不勻適一頭,左更右更烏夾婁。天倉六個婁下頭,天庾三星天倉腳,婁下十一將軍侯。補註婁宿為興兵聚眾。左更右更牧師也。天倉穀藏也。天庾積粟之所。軍侯主武兵。
Loushu consists of three stars and spans thirteen degrees. It governs gathering people and also represents substitution in writing. In terms of qi, it belongs to metal; in the生肖, it corresponds to the dog. In terms of qi, it is also called "dark metal." The "Step Heaven Song" says: the three stars are unevenly arranged, precisely at one end; the Left Change and Right Change groups of black stars flank Loushu; the six stars of Tiancang are below Loushu; the three stars of Tianyu are beneath Tiancang; and eleven stars below Loushu are the General and Commander. Note: Loushu governs military mobilization and gathering people; Left Change and Right Change are officials in charge of herding; Tiancang is a granary for storing grain; Tianyu is a place for accumulating grain; and Junhou governs military preparedness and warfare. This constellation also belongs to dark metal; when judging degrees, one must also pay attention to Kang and Niu.
胃:三星,十四度半。為倉庫,為商賈。在炁為土,在肖為雉。步天歌三星鼎足河之次,天廩胃下敘四星。天囷十三如一形,河中八星名大陵。陵北九個天船名,陵中積尸一個星,積水船中一個精。補註胃宿五穀之倉。天廩主積黍稷以供祭祀。天囷主給御糧。大陵主陵墓。天船主渡,亦主水旱。積尸明則人死如山。積水主候水災。
The Star Cluster of Wei Xu: It consists of three stars, covering fourteen and a half degrees. It governs granaries and also commerce. In terms of qi, it belongs to the earth element, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the pheasant. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: Three stars stand like the legs of a tripod in the Milky Way; below the Star Cluster of Wei Xu, four stars are arranged in the form of a granary called Tian Lin; thirteen stars form the Star Cluster Tian Qin; eight stars in the center of the Milky Way are called Da Ling; nine stars to the north of Da Ling are called Tian Chuan; within Da Ling there is one star called Ji Shi; within Tian Chuan there is one star called Ji Shui. Supplemental note: The Star Cluster of Wei Xu is the granary for five grains; Tian Lin governs the storage of millet and sorghum for worship; Tian Qin governs the supply of grain for the imperial court; Da Ling governs tombs; Tian Chuan governs river crossings and also droughts and floods; when Ji Shi is bright, the dead are like mountains; Ji Shui governs the observation of water disasters.
昴:七星,十一度。為白衣,為儒林。在炁為日,在肖為雞。步天歌七星一聚寔不少,河西月東各一星。月下五黃天陰名,陰下六星蒭藳營。營中十六天苑形,河裡六星名捲舌。舌中黑點天讒星,礪石舌旁斜四丁。補註昴宿天之日也,河、月並主女人災福。天陰主從天子弋獵之臣,預陰謀也。蒭藳供羊馬之食。天苑天子之苑囿。捲舌主知讒侫。讒星主讒侫之事,乃讒侫臣妾。礪石主礪鋒刃。
Amoyu: seven stars, spanning eleven degrees. It presides over white-clothed people and also over scholars. In terms of qi, it belongs to the sun, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the rooster. The "Step Heaven Song" says: seven stars gathered together are not few; to the west of the Milky Way and to the east of the moon and stars, there is one star each; below the moon and stars, there are five yellow stars called Tian Yin; below Tian Yin, there are six stars called Chou Gao Ying; within the Ying, there are sixteen stars forming the shape of Tian Yuan; within the Milky Way, there are six stars called Juan She; in the middle of Juan She, there is a black dot called Tian Chan Star; and four stars called Li Shi are slanting beside Juan She. Supplemental note: Amoyu is the sun in the sky; the river star and the moon star both preside over the misfortunes and blessings of women; Tian Yin presides over the ministers who accompany the Son of Heaven on hunting expeditions and participate in confidential matters; Chou Gao provides feed for sheep and horses; Tian Yuan is the royal park of the Son of Heaven; Juan She presides over the discernment of slanderous people; Tian Chan Star presides over slanderous matters, referring to slanderous concubines; Li Shi presides over the sharpening of weapons.
畢:八星,十六度。為獵弋,為遊田。在炁為月,在肖為烏。步天歌恰似丫叉八星出,附耳畢股一星光。天街兩星畢背旁,天節畢下八烏幢。畢上橫列六諸王,王下四皂天高星。節下團圓九州島城,畢口斜對五車口。車有三柱任從橫,車中五個天潢精。潢畔咸池三黑星,天關一星車腳邊。參旗九個參車間,旗下直建九斿連,斿下十三烏天園,九斿天園參腳邊。補註畢宿天之雨師,亦主邊兵。附耳主聽得失。天街主國界也,南為華,北為夷。天節使臣所持。諸王主藩屏王室。天高主望氛侵。州城未詳。五車,天子兵車舍也。天潢主河梁濟渡之處。咸池,魚囿也。天關主邊塞事。參旗主候變御難。九斿主邊軍進退。天園主植菜疏之所。
Bixiu consists of eight stars and spans sixteen degrees. It governs hunting and shooting, as well as hunting and farming activities. In terms of the celestial climate, it belongs to the Moon, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the crow. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: its shape resembles a fork, with eight stars arranged in order; a single star called Fù'ěr is located at the thigh of Bixiu and shines; two stars called Tiānjiē are situated beside the back of Bixiu; Tiānjié is located beneath Bixiu, appearing as an eight-faced black banner; six positions above Bixiu are arranged horizontally as the various kings; beneath the kings, four black stars are called Tiāngāo; beneath Tiānjié, there is a circular formation resembling the Nine States' city; the mouth of Bixiu is slanted towards the mouth of Wǔchē; Wǔchē has three pillars, arranged either horizontally or vertically; five stars within the carriage are the essence of Tiānhuáng; beside Tiānhuáng, there are three black stars called Xīnchí; Tiānguān is a single star located beside the foot of the carriage; nine stars called Cānqí are located between Cānsuǒ and Wǔchē; beneath Cānqí, nine banners are standing upright and connected; beneath the nine banners, thirteen black stars are called Tiānyuán; both the nine banners and Tiānyuán are located at the foot of Cānsuǒ. Supplemental note: Bixiu is the heavenly rain official and also governs border defense troops; Fù'ěr governs listening and discerning gains and losses; Tiānjiē governs national boundaries, with the southern side representing the Huaxia and the northern side representing the Yidi; Tiānjié is the symbol carried by envoys; the various kings govern the vassal states and protect the royal house; Tiāngāo governs observing atmospheric disturbances; the meaning of the Nine States' city is unknown; Wǔchē is the storehouse for the Son of Heaven's war chariot; Tiānhuáng governs river crossings; Xīnchí is a pond for raising fish; Tiānguān governs border affairs; Cānqí governs monitoring changes and defending against calamities; the nine banners govern the advance and retreat of border troops; Tiānyuán governs the place for growing vegetables and herbs.
觜:三星,一度。為葆旅,為行商。在炁為火,在肖為猴。步天歌三星相近參差,嘴上坐旗直指天,尊卑之位九相連。司怪曲立坐旗邊,四烏大近井鉞前。補註觜宿主五穀軍儲。坐旗主別君臣尊卑之位。司怪與天高同。
Zui Xu: Three stars, covering one degree. It governs protection, gathering, and lodging for travelers, as well as commerce. In terms of energy, it belongs to fire, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the monkey. The "Step Heaven Song" says: Three stars are close to each other but uneven in alignment; above Zui Xu sits the flag, pointing directly to the sky, with the ranks of high and low officials indicated by nine connected stars; the strange official stands beside the flag, and four black stars are near the钺 star of Jing Xu. Supplemental note: Zui Xu governs grain and military supplies; the flag governs the distinctions between sovereign and ministers, and the ranks of high and low. The degree of this mansion is the narrowest, covering only one degree, so particular care must be taken in measurement.
參:十星,九度。為斬艾。在炁為水,在肖為猴。步天歌總有十星觜相授,兩肩雙足三為心。伐有三星足裡深,玉井四星右足陰。屏星兩扇井南襟,軍井四星屏上吟。左足下四天廁臨,廁下一物天屎沉。補註參宿為忠良孝謹之子。伐主鮮卑、戎、狄之國。玉井,水象也。屏為屏風,主人安危。軍井,行軍之井也。天廁,主人安危。下屎同。
Shen Su: ten stars, nine degrees. It governs cutting and removing. In terms of qi, it belongs to water; in the生肖, it corresponds to the monkey. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: altogether ten stars, connected with Zui Su; two shoulders and two feet, with three stars in the middle as the heart; three stars of Fa are deeply hidden within the foot; four stars of Yu Jing are located on the inner side of the right foot; two stars of Ping are like the southern part of Yu Jing's robe; four stars of Jun Jing are located above Ping, standing like singing; four stars below the left foot are Tian Ce; below Tian Ce is one object called Tian Shi, sinking downward. Supplemental note: Shen Su symbolizes loyal and filial sons and sons; Fa stars govern the Xianbei, Rong, and Di tribes; Yu Jing represents water; Ping is a screen, governing the safety and danger of the master; Jun Jing is a well dug for military use; Tian Ce also governs the safety and danger of the master; the Tian Shi below is similar to Tian Ce.
井:八星,三十一度。為水患,為行舟。在炁為木,在肖為犴。步天歌八星橫列河中靜,一星名鉞井邊安。兩河各三南北正,天樽三星井上頭。樽上橫列五諸侯,侯上北河西積水。欲覓積薪東畔是,鉞下四星名水府。水府東邊四星序,四瀆橫列南河裡。南河下頭是軍市,軍市團圓十三星。中有一個野雞精,孫子丈人市下列。各立兩星從東說,閼丘三個南河中。丘下一狼光逢茸,左邊九個彎弧弓,一矢擬射頑狼胸。有個老人南極中,春秋出來壽無窮。
Well mansion: eight stars, thirty-one degrees. It governs water disasters and also governs boats. In terms of qi, it belongs to wood; in terms of the生肖, it is the dog. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: eight stars are arranged horizontally in the Milky Way and are calm; one star is named Yu, located near the Well mansion; the Southern River and Northern River each have three stars, one to the south and one to the north, directly facing each other; three stars named Tianzun are above the Well mansion; above Tianzun, five feudal lords are arranged horizontally; above the five feudal lords is the Northern River, and to its west is the accumulated water; to find the accumulated firewood, look to the east side; below the Yu star, four stars named Shui Fu are located; east of Shui Fu, four stars are arranged in order; four rivers are arranged horizontally within the Southern River; below the Southern River is the military market, which is surrounded by thirteen stars, among which there is a star named Wild Chicken; Sunzi and Zhangren are arranged below the military market, each with two stars, counted from the east; three stars named Yanqiu are located within the Southern River; below Yanqiu, there is a star named Tianlang with chaotic light; on the left, nine stars form an arc bow, and an arrow is about to shoot at the chest of the stubborn wolf; there is also a star named the Elder Star in the southern sky, appearing in spring and autumn, governing endless longevity.
補註井宿主水源,亦諸侯帝戚王公之位。鉞,主伺奢淫而斬之。兩河,南河主火,北河主水。天樽主盛饘粥以給貧餒。諸侯常為帝定疑議。積水以伺酒用。積薪以備庖用。水府主瀉溢流。四瀆:江、淮、河、濟。軍市,天軍貿易之市。野雞、孫子皆侍丈人之側,不見為災。丈人主壽考之臣。閼丘,天子之雙闕,諸侯之兩觀也。狼為野將,主殺掠。弧弓以備盜賊。老人,秋春之日見於丙,春分之日沒於丁。
The Well mansion governs water sources and also represents the positions of princes, imperial relatives, and dukes; the钺 star oversees the supervision of extravagance and licentiousness and carries out punishments; the Southern River governs fire, and the Northern River governs water; the Heavenly Cup is used to store thick porridge for relief of the poor and hungry; the Five Princes often assist the Son of Heaven in deciding difficult matters and discussing them; accumulated water is used for preparing wine and liquor; accumulated firewood is used to supply the kitchen; the Water Treasury controls the release of overflowing water; the Four Ditches refer to the Yangtze River, Huai River, Yellow River, and Ji River; the Military Market is the market for transactions of the heavenly army; the wild chicken and the young general stand by the side of the old man, and if their stars are not visible, it indicates calamity; the old man represents an elderly minister who lives long; the阏丘 is the double gate of the Son of Heaven and the two towers of the princes; the Wolf Star is a general in the wild, governing warfare and plunder; the bow and arrow are used to guard against thieves; the Elder Star appears at the position of Bing during the autumn equinox and sets at the position of Ding during the spring equinox.
鬼:五星,三度。為淫詞,為妖孽。在炁為金,在肖為羊,在氣為暗金。步天歌四星形方似木櫃,中央白者積尸氣。鬼上四星是爟位,天狗七星鬼下是。外廚六間柳星次,天社六個弧東倚,社東一星是天紀。補註鬼宿主死亡、疾病。積尸主死喪。爟主烽火。天狗以守賊也。廚,天子之外廚也。天社能平水土。天紀主知禽獸也。
Ghost Mansion: A group of five stars, spanning three degrees. It governs licentious words and also presages demons and monsters. In terms of qi, it belongs to the metal element, and in the earthly branches, it corresponds to the sheep. In terms of its qi, it is also called "dark metal." The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" states: four stars form a square shape resembling a wooden chest, with a white cluster in the center called the Accumulated Corpse Qi; four stars above the Ghost Mansion are the Guan position; seven stars of the Heavenly Dog are located beneath the Ghost Mansion; six stars of the Outer Kitchen are adjacent to the Willow Mansion; six stars of the Heavenly Society are situated east of the Bow and Arrow; one star east of the Heavenly Society is the Heavenly Record. Supplemental note: Ghost Mansion governs death and disease; Accumulated Corpse Qi presages death and mourning; Guan stars govern beacon fires; the Heavenly Dog is used for guarding against thieves; the Outer Kitchen represents the emperor's outer kitchen; the Heavenly Society controls water and soil regulation; and the Heavenly Record governs the identification of animals and beasts.
柳:八星,十四度。為木果,為器皿。在炁為土,在肖為獐。步天歌八星頭曲垂似柳,近上三星號為酒,宴享之酺五星守。補註柳宿,主飲食、倉庫、酒醋之位。酒,主酒。星:七星,七度。為吉事,為非橫。在炁為日,在肖為馬。步天歌七星如鉤柳下生,星上十七軒轅明。軒轅東頭西內平,平下三個名天相,相下稷星橫五靈。補註星宿主后妃御女之位,為賢士。軒轅主雷雨之神,後宮之象也。內平,平罪之官。天相,丞相之象也。稷星,主農政也。
Willow Mansion: eight stars, covering fourteen degrees. It presides over wood, roots, fruits, and vessels. In terms of qi it belongs to earth, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the deer. The "Step by Step Song" says: eight stars have their heads bent and hanging down, resembling willow branches; three stars near the top are called the Wine Flag; during feasts and banquets, five stars guard it. Note: Willow Mansion presides over food, storage, and wine and vinegar. The Wine Flag presides over wine. Star Mansion: seven stars, covering seven degrees. It presides over auspicious events and also over sudden and unexpected affairs. In terms of qi it belongs to the sun, and in the生肖 it corresponds to the horse. The "Step by Step Song" says: seven stars form a hook, located below Willow Mansion; seventeen bright stars called Xuan Yuan are above Star Mansion; the eastern end of Xuan Yuan and the western side are Inner Level; below Inner Level, three stars are called Tian Xiang; below Tian Xiang, five stars called Ji are arranged horizontally. Note: Star Mansion presides over the positions of the empress and palace attendants, as well as virtuous ministers; Xuan Yuan presides over thunder and rain deities, symbolizing the inner court; Inner Level is the official who adjudicates criminal cases; Tian Xiang symbolizes the prime minister; Ji stars preside over agricultural affairs.
張:六星,十九度。為遠客,為分離。在炁為月,在肖為鹿。步天歌六星似軫在星旁,張下只是有天廟。十四之星冊四方,長垣列在上頭光。補註張宿主太廟、明堂、御史之位。太廟,天子之祖廟。長垣主界域,及胡夷。
Zhang Xu: six stars, spanning nineteen degrees. It governs distant travel and guests, and also matters of separation. In terms of qi, it belongs to the Moon; in the生肖, it corresponds to the deer. The "Step Heaven Song" says: six stars resemble the Chariot Mansion, located beside the Star Mansion; beneath Zhang Xu is only the Heavenly Temple; these fourteen stars establish the four directions; the Long Wall shines above. Note: Zhang Xu governs the Heavenly Temple, Bright Hall, and the position of the Imperial Censor. The Heavenly Temple is the ancestral temple of the Son of Heaven; the Long Wall governs borders and the affairs of the northern barbarians. If a site corresponds to this mansion, it often indicates distant travel and leaving one's homeland.
翼:二十二星,十九度。為觴客。在炁為火,在肖為蛇。步天歌二十四星大難識,上五下五橫著行,中間六個恰似張,更有六星在何處?三三相連張畔附,必若不能分處所,更請向前看野取。五個黑星翼下頭,欲知名字是東甌。補註翼宿,主北道文藉。東甌,蠻夷星也。
Wings Mansion consists of twenty-two stars spanning nineteen degrees. It governs banquets and receiving guests. In terms of atmospheric elements, it belongs to fire; in terms of the生肖, it corresponds to the snake. The "Step Heaven Song" says: There are twenty-four stars which are difficult to identify—five stars above, five stars below arranged horizontally, and six stars in the middle forming exactly the shape of Wings Mansion; where are the remaining six stars? They are arranged in groups of three, attached to the side of Wings Mansion; if one cannot clearly identify their location, then go further out into the open and carefully observe. The five dark stars below Wings Mansion, when asked for their names, are called Dong Ou. Note: Wings Mansion governs official documents and records related to the northern roads; Dong Ou is the star of the barbarians. The song mentions twenty-four stars, which does not match the previously recorded twenty-two stars. The original text is like this, and we have recorded it as is.
軫:四星,十八度半。為車服,為警蹕。在炁為水,在肖為蚓。步天歌四星似張翼相近,中間一個長沙子,左轄右轄附兩星,軍門兩黃近翼是,門下四個土司空,門東七星青丘子。青丘之下名器府,器府之星三十二。以上便為太微宮,黃道向上看取是。補註軫宿主車騎。司空主土工。丘子、東甌同。器府,樂器之府也。右二十八宿並四垣懸象於天,其說本之《天文志》者如此。地法因之,以察其氣之所主何如耳。
The Ch轸 mansion consists of four stars and spans eighteen and a half degrees. It governs carriages, horses, clothing, and also oversees the imperial procession and the escort for the emperor's travel. In terms of atmospheric elements, it belongs to water, and in the生肖 system, it corresponds to the earthworm. The "Step-by-Step Song of the Stars" says: the four stars of Ch轸 resemble the shape of the mansion of Zhang宿, and are close to the mansion of Yi宿. In the middle is the Changsha star; on the left and right are two stars called Left and Right Guards; two yellow stars called Military Gate are near Yi宿; below the Military Gate are four stars called Earth Minister; seven stars to the east of the Military Gate are called Qingqiu; below Qingqiu is a place called Qifu, which contains thirty-two stars. The above is the scope of the Taimei Palace. Following the Yellow Path upwards, one can find it. Note: Ch轸 governs chariots and cavalry; Earth Minister oversees earth and wood construction; Qingqiu and Dongou are both stars representing barbarian tribes; Qifu is the repository of musical instruments. The above twenty-eight mansions together with the four enclosures are star formations suspended in the sky. These statements are based on the astronomical records of successive dynasties. The methods of geography adopt them, using them merely to examine what each mansion's qi governs.
