Reprint of the Volume Five, Part Two of the Essential Knowledge for Human Beings in the Study of Geomancy, compiled by De Xing Mountain Man Xu Shanji, with the same authorship.

登穴觀之，似乎太逼，不見外洋。其寔翻身大轉，穴前之水逆遶於右，與大江大會，合襟在御屏後，數十里山水皆暗相擁抱。葬後，先出小貴，曾孫潮登進士，官至方伯。方伯公之子曰雲程，登進士，官至刑部尚書。孫椿齡、松齡俱貴，迎恩官知府。惜被庸術鑿去曜氣，福力遂減。

Standing on the site of the burial ground, it seemed too tight, with no view of the outside. In reality, the dragon turned around and changed direction, with water in front of the burial site flowing against the usual course to the right, meeting the great river. Where the two waters meet is behind the Yu Ping Mountain; within dozens of miles, the mountains and waters are all embracing each other secretly. After the burial, a minor nobleman appeared first. The great-grandson, someone named Chao, passed the imperial examination as a jinshi and held the position of Bu Zheng Shi (Minister of Revenue and Civil Affairs). The son of the Bu Zheng Shi, someone named Yun Cheng, also passed the imperial examination and became the Minister of Justice. The grandson, Chuan Ling and Song Ling, both achieved high status and were appointed as officials in charge of welcoming the emperor's grace, holding the position of zhi fu (prefect). Unfortunately, later on, a mediocre diviner dug away the luminous energy, thus reducing the fortune.

《紫堂秘訣》云：“斬尖截曜，是猶剪爪截髮，以為贅疣，而不知體膚之傷戕。”此世俗之人，見尖曜則畏之，聽時師之言，斬鑿除去。如人身體，頭有髮，手有爪牙，始成人形。以為無用而去之，不成人體矣!月禪師云：“虎有爪，威始壯，龍無角焰物非神。焰角牙爪形體見，秀靈孕育不凡人。”爪牙焰角即尖曜也。

The "Purple Hall Secret Manual" says: cutting off sharp stones and removing luminous stars is like cutting nails and shaving hair, treating them as unnecessary growths, without realizing that such actions actually harm the body's flesh. This is exactly what the common people do: upon seeing sharp stars, they become fearful, and following the advice of contemporary diviners, they cut, dig, and remove them. A person's body has hair on the head and nails on the hands, which make them human. If one considers them useless and removes them all, they would no longer be human. The monk Yuezhan said: tigers have claws, which make them formidable; dragons without horns and flames would not be divine. The appearance of flames, horns, teeth, and claws enables the emergence of extraordinary beings. What he refers to as claws, teeth, flames, and horns are the sharp stars.

白雲先生《穎秀》篇云：“不尖不貴，不圓不富。”釋者曰：“尖謂秀曜也，圓謂倉庫也。”又云：“山之秀，水之秀，山水秀行俱出曜。山之曜，水之曜，不怕尖來及飛走。湖池生角岸如鎗，沙嘴石牙水之寶。欲去還留往復回，全家食祿堆官誥。”此言水亦有曜也。

Master Baiyun's essay "Yingxiu" says: Without sharpness, it is not precious; without roundness, it is not wealthy. The commentators explain: Sharpness refers to the elegant bright stars, and roundness refers to the mountain shape like a granary. He also says: Mountains have their own elegance, and water has its own elegance. Where the elegance of mountains and water flows, bright stars will arise. Whether the bright stars of the mountain or those of the water, they do not fear being sharp and piercing or scattering away. Lakes and ponds with sharp angles, shores like a spear, sand spits and stone teeth are all treasures in the water. When water seems to be flowing away but stays, winding back and forth, such a site brings the family honor and salary, and the house is filled with诰命 bestowed by the court. These sentences explain that water also has bright stars.

又云：“曜在山，不如水，山發遲遲水快利。水中更有石尖生，官不出門取高第。”此言水曜之應快于山曜也。《玉髓經》中如水火既濟之地，池案缺焰，池心拔筍，皆曜也。大抵水速于山，以其混混長留，不舍晝夜。而其來也無窮，而不可遏，所以易發。故楊公“不怕山尖與水飛”，水亦言曜也。水飛是水左右屈折，尖岸交牙，如鳥翼飛扇，非言其飛去也。

He also said that the light is better growing in water than on a mountain, for the light on a mountain grows slowly while the light in water appears quickly; if sharp stones appear again in the water, officials can achieve success without leaving their homes. This indicates that the manifestation of water light is faster than that of mountain light. The "water and fire in harmony" mentioned in the "Juyou Jing" refers to a place where a pond in front of the case mountain has a gap from which fire-like shapes emerge, and a bamboo shoot-like structure rises in the center of the pond, all of which belong to the light. Generally, water manifests faster than mountain because water flows continuously day and night without interruption, its momentum is endless and unstoppable, thus it is easy to produce results. Therefore Yang Yunsong said, "Do not fear mountain peaks and water flying," when talking about water, he was also referring to the light. The so-called "water flying" refers to water bending left and right, with sharp riverbanks interlocking like bird wings, not meaning that water flows away or disperses.

白雲先生云：“學術十年，不識龍脈。行地十年，不識曜訣。遷墳十年，不定穴法。積三十年之智而後得師，更十年從學，而後盡術。”夫以張公之明覽，猶至三十年後自知術未精，不敢謂盡。及得師而敬學焉，又十年而第盡術。以四十年之久，而僅明地理，不亦難乎？今人剽竊遺文，涉獵古斷，粗能諳曉，便謂盡術，欺世乎？欺天乎？不然，白雲豈復為謙辭哉！

Master Baiyun said: I have studied this art for ten years yet still cannot recognize dragon lines; I have surveyed mountains and land for ten years yet still do not understand the formulas of celestial influences; I have assisted others in relocating graves for ten years yet still cannot accurately determine the site. After accumulating thirty years of experience, I met a true master and followed him for another ten years before finally mastering this art. Even someone as discerning as Zhang Yuoe, who had such keen insight, still did not consider himself proficient after thirty years and did not dare claim to have learned everything. Only after humbly following his master for another ten years did he finally grasp the art. It took forty years to merely understand geography—how difficult is that? Now, people copy the writings of predecessors, skim through a few ancient sayings, and claim to have fully mastered the art—this is either deceiving the world or deceiving heaven. If not so, then Master Baiyun's words can't be just modest talk!

一行曰：“上在東宮日，與白雲先生張約獵於溫泉之野。御駕疾馳，約二十里許，上偶過一山，見新墳。白雲與上觀諦久之，曰：‘葬失其穴！’上曰：‘何也？’對曰：‘下龍頭，枕頭角，不三年，自消礫。’適遇樵人，問曰：‘何人葬？’樵人曰：‘山之南崔巽死而葬焉。’

Master Yixing recorded that when the Emperor was still the Crown Prince in the Eastern Palace, he went hunting with Master Baiyun, Zhang, in the open fields near the Hot Spring area. The imperial carriage rushed about twenty li, and by chance the Crown Prince passed by a mountain and saw a newly built tomb. Master Baiyun and the Crown Prince looked at it for a long time, and said: This tomb is wrongly buried! The Crown Prince asked: How do you know? He replied: This tomb is placed on the head of the dragon and rests on the horn, and within three years, the tomb will collapse by itself into fragments. Just then a woodcutter happened to pass by, so they asked: Who was buried here? The woodcutter said: It is Corr Wu from the southern side of the mountain who died and was buried here.

上欲救之，令樵人引導至巽門。其子斬衰迎，蓋不知東宮也。上曰：‘山前新墳誤葬矣！’曰：‘父遺言葬此。’上曰：‘何言？’對曰：‘安龍頭，枕龍耳，不三年，萬乘至。’上驚！約曰：‘臣學未精。’劉氏俎談白雲先生張約斷崔氏墳，有龍頭龍耳之差。

The prince wanted to help them correct the mistake, so he sent a woodcutter to lead the way to the gate of Cui Xun's house. Cui Xun's son came out wearing mourning clothes to welcome them, not knowing who the prince was. The prince said, "The new tomb in the mountain front is buried in the wrong place!" Cui's son replied, "This was the deceased father's last wish to be buried here." The prince asked, "What did he say exactly?" Cui's son answered, "The deceased father said, 'Rest on the dragon's head, with the dragon's ear beneath, and within three years, the emperor will come to visit.'" The prince was greatly surprised. Zhang Yue said, "It is the fault of my inadequate knowledge." This passage is from Liu's "Zu Tan," which records that Master Baiyun Zhang Yue judged the tomb of the Cui family incorrectly, mistaking the position between the dragon's head and dragon's ear.

獵歸，東宮問曰：‘龍耳、龍角，孰是孰非？’約曰：‘臣之說非。’東宮曰：‘以義言之，謂之消礫，何也？’約曰：‘臣不惟失穴法，於曜法亦有未精。其前山曜，臣以為車輪帶鬼掃，故謂消礫當在三年之前。今其父“萬乘”之占既驗，殿下果幸其家，則前山之曜乃車輪帶虎尾，非是掃也。九原可作，所願學焉。”觀此，則白雲之說信徵雲。籲，難矣！

After returning from hunting, the crown prince asked: those who said the dragon has ears and those who said the dragon has horns, which one is correct? Zhang Yue replied: it was my mistake. The prince said: in terms of reasoning, you said it would "erode gravel," based on what? Zhang Yue replied: not only did I misinterpret the site, but I was not sufficiently proficient in the method of stars. The mountain in front of the site, I took its star formation as "a chariot wheel with a ghost sweeping," so I concluded that within three years it would collapse into rubble. Now his father's prophecy of "the arrival of a royal carriage" has come true, and the prince himself has indeed arrived at his home, showing that the star formation of the mountain in front was actually "a chariot wheel with a tiger's tail," not a ghost sweeping. If Cui Xun were alive and could return, I would like to ask him. Looking at this record, Master Baiyun's words have indeed been verified. Alas, this discipline is truly difficult!

楊公云“其官也，其曜也，其生也，其死也，其去也，其來也。官曜生死去來訣，六字不離乎口說，有人明得六字訣，須是神仙親口說。”既分定官曜，只謂生死去來。楊公言之而不盡之，此又在乎口訣機緘也。

Yang Yunsong said: Is it an official or a luminous star? Is it alive or dead? Is it going away or coming? The six-character mnemonic "official, luminous star, alive, dead, going away, coming" relies entirely on oral transmission from the master. Whoever truly understands these six characters must have been directly instructed by a deity. Since the distinction between official and luminous star has already been clarified, the remaining part is only about the four aspects of life, death, going away, and coming. Yang Yunsong only touched upon the subject without fully explaining it, and the key lies in the secret passed down through oral tradition.

此卷專論砂圖。夫砂法甚繁，難以悉陳。其大要，必從龍穴以別貴賤，故曰砂如美女，貴賤從夫。然亦有吉凶一定不可移易者，如探頭、刺面、掀裙等形，終不可使之為吉；而玉帶、御屏、帝座等砂，終不可使之為凶之類是也。今於諸家砂法中，撮其近理者，編為一卷，分上、中、下三格，富、貴、賤三科，而各取的於龍之貴賤，以斷其吉凶之準，庶幾展卷則得其要歸耳。

This section specifically discusses the patterns of terrain features known as "sand." The methods of analyzing sand are numerous and cannot all be fully explained. Its main principles must be determined by the quality of the dragon line and the site, so it is said that good sand is like a beautiful woman; whether she is noble or lowly depends on whom she marries. However, there are certain patterns that are inherently auspicious or inauspicious and cannot be changed: shapes such as "protruding head," "stabbing face," and "raising skirt" will always remain inauspicious, while forms like "jade belt," "imperial screen," and "emperor's seat" will always remain auspicious. Now, from various schools of sand analysis, we have selected those that are more reasonable and compiled them into this section. They are divided into three categories: superior, medium, and inferior, and further classified into three types: wealth, nobility, and common status, all based on the quality of the dragon line to determine auspiciousness or inauspiciousness. We hope readers can grasp the essentials upon opening this book.

一、凡砂之形象，不必盡拘。廖氏云：“喝砂相似便為是，奉勸莫執泥。”又云：“砂形變像原不一，觸類宜詳推；在人心巧與目明，自可立名稱。”二、凡砂之擬於物類，不可膠執。蓋山形萬古不易，而物類則因時更變。固有古方而今圓，古賤而今貴，亦有古有而今無者。如席帽賤於唐而貴於宋，玉魚、金魚佩於宋而國朝不用之類，烏可盡以執泥？在人活潑而決之耳。

The first rule is that the forms of the terrain features need not be rigidly fixed. Liao Jinjing said: when giving a form to the terrain features, it is sufficient if they are generally similar, and I advise everyone not to be overly literal. He also said: the shapes of the terrain features naturally vary in many ways, and one should carefully examine and classify them; as long as people are clever in thought and clear in vision, they can naturally give them appropriate names. The second rule is that when comparing the terrain features to objects, one should not be rigid and inflexible. Mountain shapes remain unchanged for thousands of years, while objects change with the times: some were square in ancient times but round now, some were lowly in ancient times but noble now, and some existed in ancient times but no longer exist now. For example, the hat used for sitting was a lowly item in the Tang dynasty but became a prestigious item in the Song dynasty; jade fish and gold fish were ornaments in the Song dynasty but are no longer used in the present era. How can such matters be treated in a rigid way? It all depends on people's ability to judge flexibly and adaptively.

三、凡砂格中，多有御用之物，如帝座、御屏之屬，非謂有禁穴，乃朝臣之應也。廖氏云：“格中多有帝主制，非謂其有位。宰相侍從近清光，朝夕得翱翔。”四、砂格有專論其山巒之頭者，有專論其山巒之腳者，有兼頭腳而論者，又有兩山、三山相合而成一格者，不可拘於一律。如華蓋、文筆等，則專取其山頭；進田筆、倒笏等，則專取其山腳；謝恩、絳節等，則兼取其山之頭腳；馬上貴人、點兵報捷之類，則取數山相映，湊合而成者也，在人聰巧可取。亦須多見古格，而心有所主也。

Third, in the format of sand formations, there are often names of items used by emperors, such as "Imperial Seat" and "Imperial Screen." This does not mean that there are forbidden burial sites for emperors, but rather that it indicates the presence of close court ministers. Liao Jinjing said: In the sand formations, there are many names that follow the regulations of emperors, but this does not mean that the owner can actually become an emperor. Instead, it means that he can serve as a minister or attendant close to the emperor, moving around the emperor's court day and night. Fourth, some sand formations focus only on the head of the mountain, some only on the foot, some combine both head and foot, and some require two or three mountains to form a complete pattern. They cannot all be treated the same way. For example, "Huagai" and "Wenbi" focus only on the head of the mountain, while "Jin Tian Bi" and "Dao Hu" focus only on the foot. "Xie'en" and "Jiangjie" take both head and foot into account. Patterns like "Mashang Guiren" and "Dianbing Baojie" require several mountains to complement and form a complete pattern. Whether to take the head, the foot, or both depends on the person's ability to discern. It is also necessary to study many established patterns from ancient times, forming a clear standard in one's mind so that one does not make mistakes when encountering them on the spot.

五、砂格中又有所謂陰砂者，則專看平田、小洲，及小可墩埠、山麓、石脊之類，及穴中不見者。此等砂形，或在明堂，或在左右，或在水口，亦關利害，不可不察。六、砂中又有刑殺，不可不知。廖氏云：“砂中有殺人不知，貴賤最難醫。仔細消砂殺有八，射探沖破壓。更兼反斷走皆凶，解說要人通。射是以尖來向穴，徒配何須說？探是斜山少露頭，作賊不知休。破是浪痕直透頂，淫亂恣遊騁。沖是橫來揷穴前，非禍自連綿。壓是穴前砂崛起，奴僕常反主。

Rule five, there is another type of sand called 「yin sand」, which is specifically used to examine flat fields, small sandbanks, and unremarkable small hills, mountain slopes, and stone ridges, as well as those that are not visible from the site. This type of sand may be located within the bright hall, on the left and right sides, or at the water mouth. It also relates to fortune and misfortune, and must be carefully examined. Rule six, there is also 「xing sha」 (criminal sand) which must not be ignored. Liao Jinjing said: sand may contain killing energy which people are unaware of, and the resulting fortune or misfortune is hard to cure. To carefully eliminate the killing energy in sand, there are eight types: shooting, probing, colliding, breaking, pressing, plus reverse, breaking off, and running away, all of which are harmful. To explain them clearly, one must understand them thoroughly. 「Shooting」 refers to sharp sand shooting towards the site, which indicates exile or banishment. What else needs to be said? 「Probing」 refers to a mountain sloping out only slightly, showing a small head, which indicates thieves in the family who will not stop. 「Breaking」 refers to water marks and waves on the sand surface rushing directly to the mountain top, which indicates licentiousness and indulgence. 「Colliding」 refers to sand crossing horizontally in front of the site, which indicates continuous misfortunes. 「Pressing」 refers to sand suddenly rising high in front of the site, which indicates servants often turning against their master.

反是曲身去向朝，離反永飄飄。斷是腦下自橫浪，斬首無人葬。走是斜身順水飛，遊蕩不思歸。若是眞龍去殺合，禍福終須雜。避凶趨吉最為奇，穴上討便宜。”又吳國師云：“砂中有殺要消詳，立穴先須作主張。巉巖高壓及尖射，避卻方能免禍殃。”蓋近穴有丑形之砂，亦須迴避為美。遠則勿泥。

"Reverse" refers to a ridge that bends its body away from the site, facing the opposite direction, indicating that descendants will scatter and betray each other, forever wandering abroad. "Cut" refers to a water mark naturally formed beneath the mountain peak, resembling a severed neck, indicating that someone will be beheaded and left unburied. "Depart" refers to a ridge that leans sideways and flows with the water, indicating that the person will wander outside and not wish to return home. If the true dragon brings along killing energy that matches the overall pattern, then both misfortune and fortune will be mixed together. At this time, the most important skill is to avoid the凶 and take advantage of the吉 at the site. Master Wu Jingluan also said: if there is killing energy in the ridges, it must be carefully resolved and examined; before establishing the site, one must first decide clearly. Whenever encountering rugged and oppressive rocks or sharp ridges shooting towards the site, they should be avoided to prevent calamity. In summary, if there are ugly-shaped ridges near the site, they should be avoided as much as possible; those far away do not need to be overly concerned.

七、龍眞穴的，而偶有一砂之嫌，眾人莫敢信者，則思喝形以制之。蓋喝形亦可壓制諸砂。卜氏云“尖鎗本凶器，遇武士以為奇。浮尸固不祥，遇群鴉而反吉”之類，亦有理。如旗鎗當面，或作將軍大座；枷鎖橫尸，則取貴人監斬之類。大抵要取重於龍穴也。

Rule seven, if the dragon and the nest are genuine, but there is one piece of terrain that raises suspicion, making everyone hesitant about this land, then one should use the method of 'he xing' to control it. By giving the whole land a form, one can suppress the bad terrain. Bu Ying Tian said that a sharp spear, which is originally a凶器, becomes a rare object when met with a warrior; a floating corpse, though inauspicious, becomes auspicious when met with a group of crows. Such statements have reason. For example, if the form of a flag spear is at the front of the nest, the whole land can be considered as 'general's seat'; if there are forms of shackles and a corpse, it can be named 'nobleman's supervision of execution'. In the end, the weight should still be placed on the dragon and nest.

八、砂形肖物類而多應，不特陰地，陽宅，即如郡邑，亦所關係。若黃坡嚴家坡有杯筊石，其鄉筊卜有靈。弋陽圭峰如拍板，其邑多出戲子。常邑塔山如葫蘆而多名醫，莆田壼公山如卓笏而多朝貴朱子之同安，過莆田，望見壼公山曰“莆田多人才，此公作怪。。承天馬良丫髻雙峰居水口，而郡多雙薦。是皆砂之應驗耳。

Rule eight states that the shape of a hill often corresponds to an object, and this has a corresponding effect. This is not only true for阴宅 and阳宅, but also for entire prefectures and counties. For example, there is a stone shaped like a cup and a paddle in the Yellow Slope Yanjia Slope, and the local people use the cup and paddle for divination, which is particularly effective. In Guyang's Guifeng, the hill shape resembles a clapper, and the county has many actors. In Changshan County, the Tower Hill is shaped like a gourd, and the area produces many famous doctors. In Putian, the Hugong Mountain is shaped like a standing jade tablet, and the area produces many high-ranking officials in the imperial court. When Zhu Xi went to take office in Tong'an, he passed through Putian and saw the Hugong Mountain, saying, "Putian produces many talents, and it is this 'Hugong' that is responsible." In Chengdu Prefecture, Ma Liang's twin peaks shaped like hairpins stand at the water mouth, and the entire prefecture often has cases of two people being recommended together. These are all examples of the effects of hills.

九、凡觀砂法，須審向背、情性。司馬頭陀曰“以端方而知其忠，以傾側而知其佞，柔亂以知淫，卑劣以知賊，粗猛以知惡，瘦薄以知貧。粹美知慈，威武知斷。”《寶鑑》云：“山厚人肥，山瘦人飢，山清人貴，山破人悲，山歸人聚，山走人離，山長人勇，山縮人低，山明人達，山暗人迷，山順人孝，山逆人欺。”此皆其正耳。蔡牧堂曰：“觀形貌得其偽，觀性情得其眞。”斯確論也。

Rule nine: When examining the terrain, one must determine whether it faces the site or turns away from it, and its nature and character. Sima Touduo said: Straight and upright terrain indicates a person of integrity and sincerity; slanting and leaning terrain suggests a person of deceit and cunning; soft and scattered terrain indicates a person inclined to lust; low and mean terrain suggests a thief; rough and fierce terrain indicates a violent nature; thin and frail terrain suggests poverty and hardship; pure and elegant terrain indicates kindness and benevolence; majestic and powerful terrain indicates decisiveness and strength. The "Baojian" says: Thick mountains indicate prosperous people; thin mountains indicate hungry people; clear mountains indicate noble people; broken mountains indicate sorrowful people; converging mountains indicate people gathering together; scattered mountains indicate people parting ways; long mountains indicate brave people; contracted mountains indicate humble people; bright mountains indicate intelligent and capable people; dark mountains indicate confused and dull people; harmonious mountains indicate filial people; opposing mountains indicate people who are deceitful. These are all standard examples. Cai Muting said: Observing the form can only reveal appearances, but observing the nature can reveal the truth. These words are indeed accurate.

上格貴砂大貴人者，木星高聳而尊嚴秀麗也。凡貴人砂，皆是木星。凡文筆砂，皆是火星。貴人不宜破碎、敧斜、醜惡。上格龍主文章貴顯，典大郡。中格龍有文名，不顯貴。賤龍主僧道孤獨無子。中格貴砂大小貴人者，一峰高大，一峰低小也。上一格主父子同貴，下一格主兄弟同貴。皆要砂形秀麗。上格龍主父子兄弟叔侄同科同朝。中格龍主父子兄弟有文名，無顯貴。賤龍主僧道師徒有名。

The superior grade of the noble mountain form, called "Great Nobleman," refers to the appearance of the Jupiter star being tall and dignified with a graceful shape; the Jupiter star refers to a mountain that stands straight and high, like the trunk of a tree. All mountain forms that resemble noblemen belong to the Jupiter star; all mountain forms that resemble writing brushes belong to the Mars star. The nobleman peak must avoid being broken, crooked, or ugly. When paired with a well-graded noble dragon, it indicates fame in literature, holding a high position, and governing a large region; when paired with a medium-grade dragon, it brings only literary reputation without high status; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates becoming a monk or Taoist, being lonely and childless. The medium-grade noble mountain form, called "Small and Large Nobleman," consists of one tall peak and one small peak standing side by side. In the diagram, the upper form indicates both father and son achieving prominence at the same time, while the lower form indicates brothers achieving prominence at the same time. Both forms require the mountains to have a graceful shape. When paired with a well-graded dragon, it indicates father, son, uncle, and nephew all passing the imperial examinations together and holding official positions in the same court; when paired with a medium-grade dragon, it brings only literary reputation among father and son and brothers without high status; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates a small reputation among monks, Taoists, and their disciples.

上格貴砂龍樓鳳閣貴人，乃木星居水星之上，火星之下耳。蓋自下生上，以水木，木生火，故為最貴。要星辰特異，各各合形，尊嚴光彩，方合格局。上格龍主高科顯貴，功在社稷，澤及生民，恩深奕世。中格龍主翰苑聲價，日近天顏。賤龍主富有聲。上格貴砂玉堂金馬貴人者，乃貴人之後有御座，前有馬山也。要清秀端正，忌破碎走竄。宜左右均勻。上格龍主文章冠世，高科及第，玉堂貴顯。中格龍主典大藩。賤龍主富貴多僕馬。

The superior grade of the noble mountain "Dragon Palace and Phoenix Pavilion Nobleman" occurs when the planet Jupiter is located between the planet Mercury above and the planet Mars below. Since the sequence from bottom to top is one of mutual generation: water generates wood, wood generates fire, this configuration is most esteemed. The three layers of stars must have distinctive forms, each conforming to their own shape, dignified and radiant, to be considered qualified. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates achieving high academic success, holding a prominent position, contributing beneficially to the country, and extending benevolence to the people, benefiting generations. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates enjoying prestige in the Hanlin Academy and being in constant proximity to the emperor. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates a wealthy family with some reputation. The superior grade of the noble mountain "Jade Hall and Heavenly Horse Nobleman" occurs when the noble peak is flanked by a "throne" mountain behind and a "Heavenly Horse" mountain in front. It requires clarity, correctness, and propriety, avoiding fragmentation and outward deviation, with the left and right sides being balanced. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates outstanding literary talent, achieving high academic success, and attaining prestige in the Hanlin Academy and Jade Hall. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates governing a large territory. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates a wealthy family with many servants and carriages.

上格貴砂帳下貴人者，水星之下有木星也。要清秀端正，忌破碎粗丑、欹斜飛走、迫近高雄、巉巖帶右。上格龍主尚書侍從，錦衣玉帶。中格龍主典州郡之官。賤龍主出僧道得官。上格貴砂蓋下貴人者，華蓋之下有木星也。要清秀端正，忌欹側粗惡。須三蓋不同，其所應則無異也。三蓋者，華蓋、寳蓋、冠蓋。上格龍主尙書侍從臺諫。中格龍主出鎮大藩。賤龍主出僧道。

The superior grade noble sand "Accountant Nobleman" refers to a star shape of water with another star of wood beneath it. It should be clear, elegant, and upright, and should avoid being broken, coarse, crooked, or protruding outward. It should not be too close and overly large and strong, nor should it be rugged with stones. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of officials such as the Minister of Works and attendants wearing silk robes and jade belts; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates officials in charge of prefectures and states; when paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists who attain official titles through good fortune. The superior grade noble sand "Covered Nobleman" refers to a mountain shape of the "Heavenly Cover" with another star of wood beneath it. It should be clear, elegant, and upright, and should avoid being crooked or coarse. The "cover" has three different forms, but the effect is the same. The term "three covers" refers to the Heavenly Cover, the Precious Cover, and the Crown Cover. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of officials such as the Minister of Works, attendants, and officials of the advisory court; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates officials governing a large region; when paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists.

上格貴砂殿上貴人者，聚氣火星之下有木星，木星之下又有水星。要三星皆清秀端正，忌破碎飛走。上格龍主宰相，秉國政，繫安危。中格龍主有文章名譽，出典大藩。賤龍主僧道蒙恩。上格貴砂臺閣貴人者，聚氣火星之下有土星，土星之下又有木星也。要三星秀麗端正，忌破碎欹斜。上格龍主拜相，寵遇獨隆。中格龍主尚書侍從，一人兼數職之祿。賤龍主僧道入朝面聖。

The superior grade noble star "Hall Superior Nobleman" is a configuration where a gathering fire star is below a wood star, and a water star is below the wood star, forming three layers stacked on top of each other. It requires all three stars to be clear, refined, and upright, and it is forbidden for them to be broken or scattered. When this configuration is combined with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of a prime minister who holds the country's affairs in his hands; when combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates fame in literature and being stationed abroad to govern a major region; when combined with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists receiving imperial favor. The superior grade noble star "Palace阁 Nobleman" is a configuration where a gathering fire star is below a soil star, and a wood star is below the soil star. It requires all three stars to be refined and upright, and it is forbidden for them to be broken or crooked. When this configuration is combined with a superior grade dragon, it indicates being appointed as a prime minister with exceptional imperial favor; when combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates holding positions such as the Minister of Works and attendants, with multiple official salaries; when combined with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists being allowed to appear before the emperor.

上格貴砂觀榜貴人者，水星之傍有木星也。要端正秀麗，忌欹斜不正。榜高貴人低者是正格，或榜低貴人高，亦吉。但低者不宜太低。上格龍主科第高登，翰林榮貴。中格龍主郡邑之官，富冠鄉邑。賤龍主僧道奴卒之屬。上格貴砂玉堂貴人者，聚氣火星之下有木星也。火星明，木星秀，貴入玉堂。忌破碎、欹斜、飛走、浪痕、崩赤。上格龍主翰林院知制誥，經筵講官。中格龍主文章名譽，升朝之職。賤龍主僧道得貴人扶持。

The upper grade noble hill "Observing the Banner Nobleman" refers to a horizontal banner shape formed by the water star, with another wooden star beside it, resembling someone reading a banner. It should be upright and elegant, avoiding crooked or irregular forms. When the banner hill is high and the nobleman peak is low, it is considered the correct form; when the banner hill is low and the nobleman peak is high, it is also auspicious, though the lower side should not be too low. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates success in the imperial examinations and holding an official post in the Hanlin Academy; when paired with a medium dragon, it indicates holding a local official post and being the wealthiest in the village; when paired with an inferior dragon, it indicates becoming a monk, Taoist priest, servant, or soldier. The upper grade noble hill "Jade Hall Nobleman" refers to a gathering of fire stars with another wooden star beneath them. The fire star should be bright and the wooden star should be refined and elegant, indicating that a nobleman will enter the Hanlin Academy and Jade Hall. It should avoid broken, crooked, scattered, or dispersed forms, as well as rain marks and water waves on the hillside, or landslides exposing red earth. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates holding a position in the Hanlin Academy and drafting imperial edicts; when paired with a medium dragon, it indicates having a reputation for literary excellence and holding an official post in the imperial court; when paired with an inferior dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists receiving support from noblemen.

上格貴砂簾幙貴人者，木星在數重水星帳下，或在數重之中，皆是也。要清麗端正為合格，忌粗丑、破碎、欹斜不正。上格龍主執政公孤，極品之貴，及女貴。中格龍主典大藩，方面重臣。賤龍主為優人、樂戶、妓者。上格貴砂臨軒貴人者，木星在罘罳侍從之前也。要清秀端正為合格，忌破碎醜陋、欹斜不尊、帶石點剝。上格龍主白衣上殿，狀元宰輔，承恩蔭寵。中格龍重重封誥，望重位尊。賤龍主僧道面君，徒從眾多。

The superior grade of noble sand "Lianmu Guiren" refers to a Jupiter hill situated beneath multiple layers of water star formations or sandwiched between multiple layers of such formations. It is considered to belong to this category. It requires clarity, elegance, and proper form to be qualified, and it is forbidden to be coarse, ugly, broken, or crooked and improperly aligned. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of officials holding high positions in the government, such as the Three Grand Ministers and Three Ministers of the Imperial Court, reaching the pinnacle of court favor, and also signifies the prominence of women in the family. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates holding a major regional position and becoming a key official in a region. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates becoming a performer, musician, or prostitute. The superior grade of noble sand "Linxuan Guiren" refers to a Jupiter hill situated in front of a "Futisi" screen and the mountain representing attendants. It requires clarity, elegance, and proper form to be qualified, and it is forbidden to be broken, ugly, crooked, or unbecoming, as well as having a rough, patchy, or weathered appearance. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates achieving recognition from the emperor while still in civilian attire, producing top-ranking officials such as the状元 (top scholar) and prime ministers, and receiving imperial favor and patronage. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates frequent honors and titles, high reputation, and high status. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists being granted an audience with the emperor and having many followers.

上格貴砂披髮貴人者，木星旁拖，似於斜側也。此乃木星帶火，不可以斜側為嫌。但要清秀，切忌醜惡。上格龍主文武全才，威震中外，斬伐自由。中格龍主佈政提刑之貴。賤龍主法師有靈顯。上格貴砂玉階貴人者，木星在疊級數重之外也。要端正秀麗，而階級重重平正為合格也。上格龍主出朝貴，秉政專權。中格龍主將校有威勇。賤龍主雜職。

The superior grade noble sand "Disheveled Nobleman" is a formation where the Jupiter star is accompanied by a piece of land extending downward, appearing somewhat slanted. This is actually Jupiter accompanied by a fiery influence, so one should not despise it just because it is slanted; as long as it is clear and elegant, it is acceptable. One must avoid forms that are ugly or deformed. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of a person who is both literary and martially talented, whose reputation shakes the court both inside and outside, and who holds power over life and death. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of high-ranking officials such as governors and judicial inspectors. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of magicians whose spells are effective and have visible results. The superior grade noble sand "Jade Steps Nobleman" is a formation where the Jupiter star stands outside a mountain shape resembling several tiers of steps. It requires that it be upright and elegant, with each step level and even, to be considered qualified. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of high-ranking court officials who hold political power and exercise absolute authority. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of military officers who are brave and strong. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of miscellaneous low-ranking officials.

上格貴砂踏節貴人，要看節山高低相稱，大小疏密均勻，而貴人之山居於其下，端正尊嚴，方為合格。上格龍主文章清貴，文武全才，出使外國。中格龍主職掌大藩，威權烜赫。賤龍主藝術巫祝。上格貴砂御座貴人，要星辰尊重，左右相稱，方為合格。玉樓、寶殿、宮妃、貴人、侍臣、四將軍俱備，貴不可言之格也。上格龍主運籌帷幄，為帝王師，及明賢理學，配享追諡。中格龍升朝侍從，及駙馬、妃后儀賓、長吏。賤龍神廟血食。

The upper grade of the noble mountain "Tajie Guiren" requires that the "Jie" shaped mountains be of appropriate height and size, evenly distributed and well proportioned, with the Guiren mountain standing beneath them in a dignified and upright manner. When combined with a superior dragon, it indicates a person of literary excellence and noble status, possessing both literary and military talents, and being sent on diplomatic missions abroad. When combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates holding a high-ranking position with great authority. When combined with an inferior dragon, it indicates becoming an artist, performer, or shaman. The upper grade of the noble mountain "Yuzuo Guiren" requires that the stars be solemn and dignified, with the left and right sides balanced and harmonious. If the mountains resembling "Yulou," "Baodian," "Gongfei," "Guiren," "Shicheng," and the four generals are all present, this is a highly esteemed pattern. When combined with a superior dragon, it indicates being a strategist, a teacher to the emperor, or a renowned scholar of Confucianism, who is honored in the Confucius Temple posthumously and receives a posthumous title. When combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates holding a high official position in the court, serving as a驸马 (marriage partner of a princess), a consort's attendant, or a senior official. When combined with an inferior dragon, it indicates being enshrined in a temple and honored with worship after death.

上格貴砂仙橋本水星而兩角又撐火木也。下有木星，亦帳下貴人耳。要仙橋開展，左右均勻，而貴人正當其下，不欹不斜，方為合格。上格龍年少高科，翰苑清貴，神仙清高。中格龍清高賢士，文章藻華，祿位高升。賤龍主狷介之士，及高僧。上格貴砂仙橋之上有貴人，與幙外貴人相似，但此格差貴。要清秀端正方為合格。多出人好神仙，及出清高大儒。上格龍主位極人臣，志慕神仙。中格龍主完名全節高壽。賤龍主無子孫獨享高壽。

The superior grade of the nobleman's hill is called "Heavenly Bridge." It itself is a water star, with fire and wood stars supporting its two ends. If there is a wood star beneath it, that is called "Nobleman under the Banner." The Heavenly Bridge should be spread out and balanced on both sides, with the nobleman hill standing upright beneath it, neither leaning left nor right, to be considered qualified. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates a person who achieves academic success at a young age, holds an esteemed position in the Hanlin Academy, and is noble and lofty like a deity. When paired with a medium dragon, it indicates a virtuous scholar with elegant writings and steadily rising official rank. When paired with a low dragon, it indicates a person who is upright, proud, and solitary, as well as a great Buddhist monk. Another grade is when there is another nobleman hill above the Heavenly Bridge, similar to the "Nobleman outside the Curtain," but slightly inferior. It requires clarity and correctness to be qualified, producing many people who love alchemy and great scholars with lofty character. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates a person who reaches the highest official rank yet yearns for immortality. When paired with a medium dragon, it indicates a person with good reputation and long life. When paired with a low dragon, it indicates a person who may not have descendants but enjoys a long life alone.

上格貴砂侍講貴人者，木星山畔有土星如臺，若貴人侍於案之側也。要端正清秀，忌斜走粗丑。上格龍侍讀侍講，經筳臺閣之貴，為王者師。中格龍主儒官訓導之職，及吏員蒙師。賤龍主侍卒奴隸。上格貴砂幙外貴人者，木星在水星數重山外，如人在簾幕外立也。要端正清秀，忌欹斜粗丑，不合格。上格龍主升朝之貴。中格龍主孤獨，子孫先死，自享福貴。賤龍主高僧奴隸。

The superior grade "Servant Lecturer Nobleman" (侍讲贵人) refers to a mountain shaped like a star of wood standing beside a mountain shaped like a star of earth, resembling a writing desk. It should be upright and elegant, avoiding crookedness, irregularity, or ugliness. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates a position as a court scholar or lecturer, enjoying the honor of being a royal teacher; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates a position as a Confucian scholar or tutor, or merely as a government clerk or teacher in a private school; when paired with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates a fate as a servant or slave. The superior grade "Outside Tent Nobleman" (幕外贵人) refers to a mountain shaped like a star of wood standing outside a series of mountains shaped like stars of water, resembling a person standing outside a curtain. It should be upright and elegant, and any crookedness or ugliness makes it不合格. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates holding a high official position in the court; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates a lonely life, with descendants dying before oneself, enjoying wealth and honor alone; when paired with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates becoming a high-ranking monk or a slave.

上格貴砂馬上貴人，要人高馬低，星辰清秀，方為合格。若得旌節、儀從相稱，福力尤加。主文武全才，功勲掀揭。上格龍尚書侍御，威振邊方，汗馬功勲。中格龍主典大藩，及富豪多才產僕馬。賤龍主牧馬及木匠。上格貴砂執圭貴人，要星體清秀，人高圭正，不欹斜破碎，方為合格。若御座、臺蓋、旗鼓相應，尤為貴格。上格龍主尚書九卿，立朝正大。中格龍主科甲，出京堂顯貴。賤龍主僧道，拜禮神佛。

The superior grade of noble personage terrain "Immediate Noble Personage" requires the noble personage peak to be high and the mountain resembling a horse to be low, with clear and refined stars, to be considered qualified. If further accompanied by forms resembling banners, standards, and attendants that match, the fortune will be even stronger. This grade signifies a person of both literary and military talent, with remarkable achievements. When combined with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of officials such as the Minister of Works and Attendant Minister, whose fame shakes the borders and who achieve great military merits; when combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates holding a major territory or becoming wealthy, being multi-talented, productive, and having many servants and carriages; when combined with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates engaging in horse breeding or carpentry. The superior grade of noble personage terrain "Holding a Jade Bi" requires clear and refined stars, a high noble personage peak, and a jade bi shape that is upright, not crooked or broken, to be considered qualified. If further accompanied by forms resembling an imperial throne, a canopy, and flags and drums that correspond with each other, it becomes an even more noble grade. When combined with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of officials such as the Minister of Works and the Nine Ministers, who are upright and illustrious in court; when combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates passing the imperial examination and holding an official position in the capital, achieving prominence; when combined with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates becoming a monk or Taoist, spending daily time worshiping deities and Buddhas.

上格貴砂龍門貴人者，木星兩旁俱有華蓋峰也。要清正端秀，方為合格。忌斜側、不正、帶石則減福。上格龍少年及第，直言敢諫，朝野聞名。中格龍主皇親國戚，文武全才。賤龍主屢試不第，拜謁侯門。上格貴砂執笏貴人要星體清秀，人高笏正，不欹斜破碎，方為合格。若御座、臺蓋、旗鼓相應，尤貴。上格龍主尚書九卿，立朝正大。中格龍主科甲出身，京堂顯貴。賤龍主僧道，拜禮神佛。

The superior grade noble mountain "Dragon Gate Nobleman" requires that there are two "Huagai" shaped peaks on either side of the Jupiter star, resembling the Dragon Gate standing on both sides. It must be clear, upright, and elegant to be considered qualified; it is forbidden for them to be crooked or irregular. If there are stones present, it will reduce blessings. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates that one will achieve success at a young age, be brave in speaking truth, and gain fame throughout the court and country; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates becoming a royal relative, possessing both literary and military talents; when paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates repeated failures in examinations and having to serve under powerful officials. The superior grade noble mountain "Hutou Nobleman" requires that the star body is clear and elegant, the noble peak is high and the hut shape is upright and correct, without being crooked or broken, to be considered qualified; if there are forms such as an imperial throne, a platform, and flags and drums that correspond to each other, it becomes even more prestigious. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates becoming a high-ranking official such as the Minister of Works or the Nine Ministers, standing upright and shining in court; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates achieving success through the imperial examination system and holding an important position in the capital; when paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates becoming a monk or a Taoist, spending daily time worshiping gods and Buddhas.

上格貴砂按劍貴人者，貴人山下有尖利之砂倒地也。要逆水為吉，順水為凶。其劍亦忌射穴。此砂多主武。上格龍主將軍元帥，威振四夷。中格龍主監斬提刑之貴。賤龍主出劊子手。上格貴砂五馬貴人者，貴人山居五馬山之中也。要諸峰秀麗，忌破碎、粗丑、飛腳亂竄。此砂主武。上格龍主尚書侍從，有功邊疆。中格龍主五馬專城，及典馬之官，鉅富多馬。賤龍主牧馬販馬。

The upper grade noble sand "Pressing Sword Nobleman" refers to a mountain representing a nobleman with a sharp peak lying on the ground, resembling a sword. It is auspicious if the sand faces against the water flow, but inauspicious if it follows the water. The "sword" should also avoid directly facing the site of the tomb. This type of sand usually indicates a military position. When combined with a top-grade dragon, it signifies the emergence of generals and marshals who shake the surrounding foreign tribes; when combined with a middle-grade dragon, it signifies officials such as executioners and prosecutors; when combined with a low-grade dragon, it signifies executioners. The upper grade noble sand "Five Horses Nobleman" refers to a mountain representing a nobleman standing among five hills shaped like horses. It requires all peaks to be elegant and秀丽, and it should avoid broken, coarse, or scattered hills at the foot. This type of sand usually indicates military power. When combined with a top-grade dragon, it signifies the emergence of ministers and attendants who achieve success on the frontier; when combined with a middle-grade dragon, it signifies officials such as governors of cities with five horses or officials in charge of horses, or becoming wealthy through horse breeding and trading; when combined with a low-grade dragon, it signifies a livelihood based on horse breeding and trading.

上格貴砂金馬門中，貴人一峰居中。天馬左右要均勻端秀，貴人低亦不妨。廖金精下白牛坦地、杭州高閣老江頭祖地，皆此朝山，俱拜相。上格龍主拜相，兄弟叔侄同科。中格龍主文名翰苑。賤龍主牧馬蕃息。上格貴砂雙薦貴人者，雙峰仝峙也。要清氣光彩，雙峰相等。忌斜側巉巖，飛走破碎，或一高一低，亦不合格。上格龍主兄弟聯登科甲，並駕齊驅。中格龍主富，雙妻雙子。賤龍兄弟仝入公門。

The superior grade of noble mountain, "Golden Horse Gate," consists of two Heavenly Horses with a nobleman peak standing between them. The two horses should be symmetrical and elegant, and the nobleman peak being slightly lower is not a problem. The land pointed out by Liao Jinjing at the White Ox Plateau and the ancestral tomb at the Jiangtou of Hangzhou's Gaoguo ancestral home both have mountains facing in this formation, and both families produced prime ministers. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it signifies being appointed as a prime minister, with brothers and uncles achieving success in the same examination; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it signifies a reputation in the Hanlin Academy; when paired with a inferior grade dragon, it signifies a career in herding horses with numerous animals. The superior grade of noble mountain, "Double Recommendation Nobleman," consists of two mountain peaks standing shoulder to shoulder. It requires a clear and bright appearance with the two peaks of equal height; it is forbidden for them to be crooked, rugged, scattered, or broken. If one is higher and the other lower, it is also not acceptable. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it signifies brothers achieving success in the imperial examination consecutively and advancing together; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it signifies a wealthy family, marrying two wives and having two sons; when paired with an inferior grade dragon, it signifies brothers working together in the government office.

上格貴砂此亦雙薦貴人，與前格同。但前乃仝峙，此則聯峙矣。要雙峰相平，清秀嫵媚。忌側竄飛走。上格龍主兄弟聯科仝登翰廷。中格龍主雙妻雙子。賤龍主兄弟出家。上格貴砂雙童講書者，兩木星中夾一土星也。要土方正，木直聳秀麗。忌土破碎，木斜側。多主雙貴。上格龍主兄弟仝入翰林，經筵進講。中格龍主兄弟仝科仝朝，鉅富。賤龍主兄弟經商。

The pattern "Upper Grade Noble Sand" is also called "Double Recommendation of Nobleman," which is similar to the previous pattern, but in this case, the two peaks are connected to each other rather than standing separately. It requires the two peaks to be of equal height, clear and elegant, and to avoid being leaning outward or scattering away. When combined with an upper grade dragon, it signifies brothers achieving success in the imperial examinations together and both entering the Hanlin Academy; when combined with a middle grade dragon, it signifies marrying two wives and having two sons; when combined with a low grade dragon, it signifies brothers becoming monks. The "Double Child Studying" pattern of Upper Grade Noble Sand consists of two Jupiter stars flanking a Saturn star, resembling two children facing a writing desk. It requires the Saturn star to be square and the Jupiter stars to be straight, tall, and elegant; it should avoid the Saturn star being broken or the Jupiter stars being crooked. This pattern often indicates that two people achieve high status. When combined with an upper grade dragon, it signifies brothers achieving success in the imperial examinations together and serving as scholars to the emperor; when combined with a middle grade dragon, it signifies brothers passing the exams in the same category and holding official positions together, with great wealth; when combined with a low grade dragon, it signifies brothers engaging in business together.

中格貴砂左右貴人者，秀峰不當正面，或左或右也。正面砂反醜惡，而左右有秀峰。主偏房庶出之貴。斷曰：“秀峰耳邊插，偏房生子登科甲。”上格龍主貴為近侍。中格龍主藩臬重臣。賤龍主奴僕聰明。上格貴砂文星貴人者，木星之下有太陰蛾眉之山也。要兩山俱秀麗，忌破碎、斜側、走足帶火。上格龍主文章顯達，職兼文武。中格龍主文名遠播，品位不隆，多女貴。賤龍主男女滛泆，內丑。

The middle grade of noble mountain formations "Left and Right Noblemen" refers to beautiful mountain peaks not directly in front, but rather on the left or right side; the mountain directly in front is instead ugly, while the beautiful peaks are located on the sides. This formation indicates that the second son from a secondary wife will achieve prominence. The interpretation states: beautiful peaks appearing near the ears signify that the son of a secondary wife can pass the imperial examinations. When combined with a top-grade dragon, it indicates great prestige and serving as a court attendant to the emperor; when combined with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of high-ranking officials such as the Minister of Revenue and the Inspector General; when combined with a low-grade dragon, it indicates that the household's servants are intelligent. The top grade of noble mountain formations "Literary Star Nobleman" refers to a mountain resembling a star, with two mountains shaped like "Too Yin" and "Emperor's Eyebrow" beneath it. Both mountains should be beautiful, and it is forbidden for them to be broken, crooked, or for their base to extend outward with fire-like formations. When combined with a top-grade dragon, it indicates literary success and holding both civil and military positions; when combined with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates widespread literary reputation but not high official rank, with many noble women in the family; when combined with a low-grade dragon, it indicates moral corruption among men and women, and scandals spreading outside the household.

上格貴砂屏下貴人者，土星下有木星也。要土方正，木端聳。忌土斜傾而不正，木破碎而飛走，有此則不吉。上格龍主師保秉政，侍從之臣。中格龍主方面重臣。賤龍主雜職及名僧。上格貴砂臺下貴人者，三臺之下有木星也。要臺星均勻，木星端聳。忌臺星不均，木星斜側，不合格。上格龍主神童面聖，三公極品。中格龍主升朝之貴。賤龍主出名僧，門徒甚眾。

The superior quality noble sand "Screened Nobleman" refers to a screen shaped like the planet of Earth, with another hill shaped like the planet of Wood beneath it. The Earth hill should be square and upright, and the Wood hill should be tall and dignified. It is inauspicious if the Earth hill is crooked or uneven, or if the Wood hill is broken or scattered, as these defects bring bad fortune. When paired with a superior quality dragon, it indicates the emergence of high-ranking officials who hold power in the government and attendants; when paired with a medium quality dragon, it indicates the emergence of important officials in a region; when paired with a low quality dragon, it indicates the emergence of low-ranking officials and famous monks. The superior quality noble sand "Platformed Nobleman" refers to the "Three Platforms" with another hill shaped like the planet of Wood beneath them. The Three Platforms should be three hills that are evenly proportioned, and the Wood hill should be tall and dignified. It is inauspicious if the Three Platforms are uneven or if the Wood hill is crooked, as these defects make it不合格. When paired with a superior quality dragon, it indicates the emergence of prodigies who meet the emperor and attain the highest rank among the three dukes; when paired with a medium quality dragon, it indicates holding an important position in the imperial court; when paired with a low quality dragon, it indicates the emergence of famous monks with many disciples.

上格貴砂捧誥貴人者，要貴人端聳，誥軸方平，及高低相稱，不倚不斜，方為合格。廖氏謂榮達之象，最吉。上格龍主天恩寵渥，重拜褒封。中格龍主為侍御、欽差、傳宣之職。賤龍主走卒師巫。上格貴砂展誥貴人，乃木星聳於誥軸砂上。要清秀、尊嚴、適當，不偏不倚，方為合格。上格龍主受君眷寵，徵聘入朝，師保尊隆，及出仙子神道。中格龍主璽書褒諭，封贈父母。賤龍主神廟威儀。

The top-grade noble mountain form "Embracing the Imperial Edict Nobleman" requires the nobleman peak to be clearly high and towering, with the edict scroll-shaped mountain square and level, both in proper height and proportion, neither leaning nor biased, to be considered qualified. Liao Jinjing said this is a symbol of honor and prosperity, the most auspicious. When combined with a top-grade dragon, it indicates receiving the emperor's deep favor, repeatedly receiving commendation and titles; when combined with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates serving as an imperial censor, imperial envoy, or messenger delivering imperial edicts; when combined with a low-grade dragon, it indicates being a common servant or a shaman. The top-grade noble mountain form "Expanding the Imperial Edict Nobleman" is when the planet Jupiter stands on top of the edict scroll-shaped mountain. It requires clarity, dignity, and proper placement, neither leaning nor biased, to be considered qualified. When combined with a top-grade dragon, it indicates being deeply favored by the emperor, being summoned to the court, honored as the Grand Tutor and Minister of State, and also indicates the emergence of a sage; when combined with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates receiving imperial edicts of commendation, leading to the parents being granted titles; when combined with a low-grade dragon, it indicates serving as a ceremonial attendant in a temple.

上格貴砂蛾眉文星者，狀如半月，光媚纖巧也。要兩角均勻，端正清秀。忌臃腫破碎，邊高邊低，欹斜不正等類。上格龍主文章名譽，狀元神童，女貴為妃。中格龍主出人清秀，官位不顯，虛名則勝。多主女貴。賤龍主婦女貌美，而篔有風聲。上格貴砂福壽文星者，中稍起頂，頗類三臺，故尤為吉。要兩畔均勻，端正秀麗。忌臃腫破碎。上格龍主富貴雙全，居官極品，居位長久，福壽綿遠。中格龍主高壽厚福，但無顯貴。賤龍主僧道壽高，頗有名譽。

The superior grade precious mountain shape called "Emperor's Eyebrow Literati Star" resembles a crescent moon, smooth, graceful, and delicate. It requires both ends to be even and upright, neat and refined; it should avoid being bulky or broken, or having one side higher than the other, or being crooked and uneven. This shape, named "Emperor's Eyebrow," is originally symbolic of a woman's curved eyebrows, so its effects are mostly seen in female family members. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates fame in literature, producing top scholars, prodigies, and women of high status entering the palace as consorts. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates people with refined appearances but not prominent official positions, yet with considerable reputation, and also often indicates women of high status. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates beautiful women but with rumors about their amorous behavior. The superior grade precious mountain shape called "Blessing and Longevity Literati Star" has a slight peak in the middle, resembling the shape of three connected steps, known as "Three Platforms," thus being especially auspicious. It requires both sides to be even and neat, elegant and refined; it should avoid being bulky or broken. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates both wealth and honor, holding the highest official position, long tenure in office, and long life and prosperity. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates a long and prosperous life without high official status. When paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates longevity for monks and Taoists with some reputation.

上格貴砂清貴文星者，清瘦之山，嫩巧而細也。要兩畔均勻，忌帶石粗丑，邊高邊下，斜側。比蛾眉，此格稍高大為異耳。上格龍主翰苑清貴，名望遠播。中格龍主虛名不貴，廉介恬退，家無儲積。賤龍主僧道聰明，婦人不潔。上格貴砂駁雜文星者，兩旁斷而復有低坪，不高，不為品字、三臺，中頂不起，不為寶蓋，此所以為文星而駁雜也。亦曰飛蛾文星。上格龍主出人博學，名滿天下，無意功名。中格龍主能文博記，隨波混流，和氣同俗。賤龍主能文多藝，飄蕩無成。

The superior grade noble hill "Clear and Noble Literary Star" is a slender mountain with a delicate and fine shape. It requires symmetry on both sides, and it is undesirable if it has rough stones, is uneven in height, or is crooked. Compared to "Eve's Eyebrow," the difference is only that it is slightly taller. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates a person holding an esteemed position in the Hanlin Academy, enjoying prestige and renown; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it suggests a person with empty reputation but no actual status, being honest, independent, and not ambitious, with no savings at home; when paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists being intelligent, and women having improper behavior. The superior grade noble hill "Mixed Literary Star" is a hill where the sides are broken off and there is a flat area in the middle, with insufficient height, unable to form the shape of "Pin" or "SanTai"; the middle does not rise to a peak, unable to form "Bao Gai," so although it is a literary star, it is mixed and impure, also called "Flying Moth Literary Star." When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates a person who is learned and famous throughout the world but has no desire for official rank; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it suggests a person who can write well, has a good memory, and goes with the flow, blending in with the world; when paired with a low grade dragon, it indicates a person who is skilled in many arts but drifts through life without achieving anything.

上格貴砂帶福文星者，即一字文星而高大帶土，體平正嫵媚也。要龐厚而不臃腫，不粗丑，忌帶石、崚嶒、破碎。上格龍主文武全才，極品祿位。中格龍主科第榮名，鉅富壽考。賤龍主出人伶俐，為隸卒，長壽。上格貴砂帶曜文星者，乃木星兩旁生火曜也。亦頗似蛾眉文星，但圓平不同耳。蛾眉圓，此格平正，復於側畔出曜，故曰帶曜文星。忌粗惡。上格龍主文章顯達，名垂當世，後學宗師。中格龍主有文名，不能顯達。賤龍主秀才善養外婦，不顧正妻。

The superior grade noble mountain shape called "Bearing Blessing Literary Star" refers to a shape resembling the character "one" lying horizontally, known as "One Character Literary Star," which is large in form and accompanied by earthy shapes. The mountain body is flat and graceful. Since earth represents abundant blessings, it is called "Bearing Blessing." It should be large and solid without being bulky or coarse. It is to be avoided if it has stones, is rugged, or broken. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates a person with both literary and martial talents, achieving the highest rank in officialdom. When paired with a middle grade dragon, it indicates passing imperial examinations, gaining honor and fame, becoming extremely wealthy, and enjoying a long life. When paired with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates people who are clever and capable, working as officials' assistants, but living long. The superior grade noble mountain shape called "Bearing Radiant Literary Star" refers to a shape where fire forms appear on both sides of a star, resembling sharp stone tips. It is also somewhat similar to the "Eve's Eyebrow Literary Star," differing only in being round versus flat. The "Eve's Eyebrow Literary Star" is round, while this shape is flat and has radiance on the side, hence called "Bearing Radiant Literary Star." It is to be avoided if the shape is coarse and ugly. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates literary success and fame in the contemporary era, becoming a master for later generations. When paired with a middle grade dragon, it indicates having literary reputation but not achieving official success. When paired with an inferior grade dragon, it indicates a scholar who keeps a concubine outside and neglects his legal wife.

上格貴砂一字文星者，乃倒地木星也。要清秀、平正、端尊。忌粗丑、斜走、破碎、不平正、帶石、尖竄、順水。上格龍主神童、狀元、宰相、侯伯，一品之貴。中格龍主魁解清貴，名譽著揚。賤龍主虛譽從隆，寔德則病，空有文章。上格貴砂柱笏文星者，木星卓立，不欹不斜，而清秀端正也。亦名象簡文星。要光彩嫵媚，忌臃腫、粗丑、斜側、走竄。上格龍主狀元、尚書、侍從、臺閣之官。中格龍主翰苑清高，貴及諫垣之職。賤龍主僧道清修，篤信神佛。

The superior quality "One Character Literary Star" in the upper grade is a horizontal wooden star lying on the ground, resembling a horizontal line. It should be clear, elegant, upright, and dignified; it is to be avoided if it is coarse, ugly, slanting, flowing outward, broken, uneven, accompanied by stones, or has sharp corners extending outward. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates the emergence of prodigies, top scholars, ministers, and high-ranking officials; when paired with a medium-grade dragon, it signifies achieving prestigious academic titles such as the top scholar or the top in the examination, with a reputation spreading far; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it suggests great reputation but lacking in real virtue, with only a lot of literary knowledge. The superior quality "Staff-like Literary Star" in the upper grade is a wooden star standing upright, neither leaning nor slanting, clear and elegant, resembling a vertical official staff. Because the staff is made of ivory, it is also called the "Ivory Staff Literary Star." It should be bright and graceful; it is to be avoided if it is bulky, coarse, slanting, or extending outward. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates the emergence of top scholars, ministers, attendants, and officials in high-ranking government positions; when paired with a medium-grade dragon, it signifies holding a high-ranking position in the Hanlin Academy, achieving the rank of an official who advises the emperor; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it suggests a life of religious devotion and sincere belief in deities and Buddhas.

上格貴砂玉圭文星，土之聳高體，要頂平，身直，不欹不斜，挺然清秀，方為合格。莆田壼公山合此格。朱子之同安，見此山曰：“莆田多人才，此公作怪。”上格龍主出垂紳正笏，立朝燮理陰陽，及崇儒禎傅，滿朝朱紫。中格龍主貴，有忠貞，文名遠播。賤龍主壽富之人及高僧。上格貴砂金箱文星，土之低平者。要方正平圓，不欹不斜，方為合格。此砂要再見貴人、玉印、文筆相助，方為大貴。上格龍主科名高顯。中格龍主腰金五馬。賤龍主小富義民。

The superior grade of noble hill, "Jade Cudgel Literary Star," is a shape resembling a high hill of earth. It requires a flat top, a straight body, upright and not crooked, clear and refined, to be considered qualified. The Hugong Mountain in Putian conforms exactly to this form. When Zhu Xi went to Tong'an to take office, upon seeing this mountain, he said: "Putian produces many talented people, due to the influence of this 'Hugong.'" When this hill is paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of high-ranking officials who wear wide belts and hold ceremonial staffs, standing in court to regulate yin and yang, and also produces scholars who promote Confucianism, with the whole family wearing red robes and purple sashes. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates noble status and loyal character, with a far-reaching literary reputation. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates longevity and wealth, as well as the emergence of high monks. The superior grade of noble hill, "Golden Chest Literary Star," is a type of low and flat earth hill. It requires being square and flat with a rounded top, upright and not crooked, to be considered qualified. This hill also needs the presence of other noble hills, jade seals, and writing brushes to indicate great fortune. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates high academic achievement. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates wearing a golden seal and holding the rank of governing a city with five horses. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates a comfortable middle-class family who are respected as local moral exemplars.

上格貴砂玉印文星者，圓小山埠或石墩也。要圓平，忌破碎。出正面或龍虎左右是文星，若在水口，便為羅星矣。上格龍主狀元宰輔，冠世文明，才兼文武。中格龍主鉅富百萬，納奏官職。賤龍主出僧道，有權，及墮胎患眼。上格貴砂方印文星者，亦小山埠或石墩也。此格若見龍樓、天馬等砂相稱，尤貴。不宜破碎，若破碎則為偽印。上格龍主才兼文武，出將人相。中格龍主文名遠播，方面重臣。賤龍主草寇偽職，僧道之流，螟蛉異兒。

The superior quality "Jade Seal Star" in the upper grade is a small, round hill or stone mound. It should be round and flat, and it is disliked if it is broken. If it grows directly in front of the site or on the left or right of the Qinglong and Bahu tiger, it is called the "Wen Xing" star. If it grows at the water mouth, it becomes the "Luo Xing" star. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates the emergence of a top scholar and high-ranking official, with outstanding literary talent and combined skills in both literature and military affairs. When paired with a medium dragon, it indicates great wealth and a government position obtained through donations. When paired with a low dragon, it indicates the emergence of monks or Taoists who hold power, or it may lead to miscarriage or eye diseases. The superior quality "Square Seal Star" in the upper grade is also a small hill or stone mound, but it is square in shape. If this grade is further accompanied by "Long Lou" and "Tian Ma" hills, it becomes even more prestigious. It should not be broken, as breaking it turns it into a false seal. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates combined literary and military talent and the ability to serve as both general and minister. When paired with a medium dragon, it indicates widespread literary fame and becoming a key official in a region. When paired with a low dragon, it indicates becoming a bandit, holding an illegitimate position, or becoming a monk or Taoist, and the family may also adopt a foster son from another family.

中格貴砂折腳文星，乃一腳拋火也。此星若面平嫩媚，亦作吉星，主文官兼武。若粗丑則不吉，要火腳逆水方合。上格龍主文官兼武。中格龍主小貴懼內。賤龍主跛跏殘疾。上格貴砂圓璧文星，形薄而上平，有微起之壇，其圓如規乃是。若方匾、偏斜、肥缺，皆非也。上格龍主王侯極品。中格龍主科第文名。賤龍主出僧道。

The middle-grade noble mountain form known as "Bent-leg Literary Star" refers to a mountain whose foot extends outward in the shape of fire. If the mountain's surface is flat and its form is delicate and graceful, it is considered auspicious, indicating a person who holds both literary and military positions. However, if the shape is rough and unattractive, it is not auspicious. The fire-shaped foot must flow against the water to be considered proper. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates a person who holds both literary and military positions; when paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates a person of modest status who is afraid of his wife; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates the birth of someone with a limp or disability. The top-grade noble mountain form known as "Round Disc Literary Star" has a thin body with a flat top, a slightly raised platform in the center, and a round shape as if drawn with a compass. If it is square and flat, slanted, or thick with a notch, it is not considered proper. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates the birth of a king or duke, reaching the highest position in court; when paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates achieving scholarly success and having a reputation in literature; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates the birth of a monk or Taoist priest.

上格貴砂輔弼文星者，文星中起，左右皆有小埠夾從，如左輔右弼也。要左右之墩埠均勻，大小相等，遠近相平為合格。上格龍主狀元宰相，文武全才。中格龍主父子同朝。賤龍主雙妻雙子。上格貴砂輔弼二格。此與前格同，但此中星稍低，左右相夾，亦類三臺。若外有他秀，此格尤貴。要圓正而左右均勻，方為合格。上格龍主男為附馬，女作宮妃。中格龍主文章高世，父子兄弟齊名。賤龍主淫賤風聲。

The superior grade of the noble mountain formation "Fu Bi Wen Xing" is when the Wen Xing star is in the center and rises prominently, with small hills on both sides accompanying it, resembling the two stars Left Fu and Right Bi. The hills on both sides must be evenly proportioned, equal in size, and level in distance to be considered proper. When this formation is paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of a top scholar or a statesman with both literary and military talents; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it signifies that father and son hold official positions in the same court; when paired with an inferior grade dragon, it suggests marrying two wives and having two sons. The second form of the superior grade "Fu Bi" formation is similar to the previous one, but in this case, the central star is slightly lower, with the two hills flanking it, giving the appearance of "San Tai" (Three Platforms). If there are other outstanding peaks surrounding it, this formation becomes even more esteemed. The formation is considered proper if its shape is round and upright, with both sides evenly balanced. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it indicates that a man may become a驸马 (marriage partner of a princess) and a woman may enter the palace as a concubine; when paired with a medium grade dragon, it signifies that the person's writings surpass their peers, and father, son, and brothers all gain fame; when paired with an inferior grade dragon, it suggests a reputation for licentiousness and disgrace.

上格貴砂天葩文星者，木之秀發而為葩，如花瓣然。要清嫩勻均。此格極貴，作龍身尤佳。在沙洛要中有貝星，正向朝穴，無此則是終節凶格耳。上格龍主狀元宰相，文章冠世，後學宗師。中格龍主有文名而不顯達。賤龍主博學能文，而盛寔則無。中格貴砂赦文星者，頗帶土體。若方角骨立，則為御屏。此特角垂圓而肥飽耳。宜居水口，主一方永無凶禍。上格龍主出使外國。中格龍主典郡牧邑。賤龍主僧道而富。

The superior grade of valuable mountain formations called "Heavenly Bloom Star" is formed by the refined essence of the Jupiter star blooming into flowers, resembling petals. It requires clarity, freshness, and evenness. This formation is extremely valuable; if it appears on the dragon body, it is even better. If it is located at the sand lot area, there must be a "Shell Star" in the center, facing directly towards the site. Without this condition, it becomes a harmful formation at the end of the dragon pulse. When combined with a superior grade dragon, it signifies the emergence of a top scholar and prime minister, whose literary achievements surpass all others, becoming a master for future generations. When combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates a reputation in literature but not great success. When combined with a low grade dragon, it suggests extensive knowledge and literary ability but limited actual achievement. The medium grade valuable mountain formation called "Pardon Document Star" has a shape somewhat resembling earth. If it has sharp angles and a firm, upright structure, it becomes the "Imperial Screen." This formation is only slightly pointed at both ends, with a round and thick body. It is suitable to be placed at the water mouth, ensuring peace and no misfortune in the surrounding area. When combined with a superior grade dragon, it signifies being sent on official missions abroad. When combined with a medium grade dragon, it indicates governing prefectures and counties. When combined with a low grade dragon, it suggests the emergence of monks or Taoist priests with wealthy families.

中格貴砂大武星者，其形雄偉，體勢尊嚴，謂之武星。但不宜欹斜、破碎，即雲中金、獻天金是也。上格龍主大將征伐，威鎮華夷。中格龍主田連阡陌，郡邑守衛之職。賤龍主出燥烈無涵養之人。上格貴砂特立武星者，眾山低小，此星辰獨高，光彩異常，故曰特立武星。亦猶頓鍾金星，而此主貴尤重耳。上格龍主出使大藩，聲價英烈。中格龍主出英雄武略之人。賤龍主出軍賊、橫逆之人。

The middle-grade noble mountain shape called "Da Wu Xing" (Great Martial Star) has a grand and imposing form, hence it is called the Martial Star. However, it should not be crooked or broken. The "Yun Zhong Jin" (Gold in the Clouds) and "Xian Tian Jin" (Gold Presenting to Heaven) mentioned in the book of geomancy are of this type. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of great generals leading armies for military campaigns, shaking the Central Plains and the surrounding regions. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it suggests continuous fields or holding positions as county or prefectural governors. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates people who are impetuous and lack cultivation. The top-grade noble mountain shape called "Te Li Wu Xing" (Upright Martial Star) is characterized by surrounding mountains that are all low and small, while this single peak is high and brilliant, hence it is called the Upright Martial Star. It resembles the "Dun Zhong" (Sudden Bell) shaped golden star, but its indication of nobility is more pronounced. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates being sent on missions to govern major regions, with a reputation of being heroic, fierce, and resolute. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it suggests the emergence of heroes with military strategies. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates soldiers who are bandits in the army, or lawbreakers who act recklessly.

上格貴砂金鍾、玉釜皆金星。其高大者曰金鍾，低小曰玉釜。二者在物而言之，本為貴重之器。故陽宅陰地，凡見此二山，皆作貴砂而斷。欲其圓淨光彩，不走竄，不偏側，不帶火者為吉。若欹斜、破碎、走足、尖利、帶火，有痕浪、折皺、崩赤者為凶也。若有從砂夾護，又當兼從砂斷其吉凶，不可執一也。此砂亦宜居夾耳左右。上格龍主文章科第，敵國之富。中格龍主小富小貴。賤龍主僧道及神靈。

The superior valuable mountains called "Jin Zhong" (Golden Bell) and "Yu Fu" (Jade Cauldron) both belong to the metal star. The tall ones are called Jin Zhong, and the short ones are called Yu Fu. In terms of objects, bells and cauldrons are originally valuable items, so wherever these two mountain forms are seen, whether in a residential site or a burial ground, they should be considered as valuable mountains. They should be round, smooth, clean, and bright, not protruding outward, not leaning, and not having the shape of fire. Only then are they auspicious. If they are leaning, broken, with their base spreading out, sharp in shape, or having the form of fire, or if they have rain marks, water waves, wrinkles, collapse, or exposed red earth on their surface, they are inauspicious. If there are other accompanying mountains beside them, they should be judged together with these accompanying mountains for auspiciousness or inauspiciousness, and not judged based on one alone. These mountains are also suitable to be placed on both sides of the site like the ears of a person, accompanying the main mountain. When paired with a high-grade dragon line, they indicate success in scholarship and great wealth; when paired with a medium-grade dragon line, they indicate small wealth and minor status; when paired with a low-grade dragon line, they indicate the emergence of monks and Taoists or people who are worshipped as deities in temples.

上格貴砂龍車者，以龍引車之狀也。以形言之，則龍頭居前向穴則吉，故必有拜下之山，斯為可貴也已。上格龍主文章振揚，拜節封侯，秉麾軍民。中格龍主州縣小官，富多車馬。賤龍主吏典僕之人。上格貴砂鳳輦雖有尖翌而不射穴，及穴中不見，惟有尖秀之峰突兀在前，方為合格。上格龍主文章名譽，致身通顯，及女貴。中格龍主科第，州縣之官。賤龍主累舉不第，貴在外家。

The superior quality of the "Dragon Cart" terrain feature refers to a shape resembling a dragon pulling a cart. In terms of form, the dragon's head should be at the front and facing the burial site to be auspicious. Therefore, there must be another mountain that bows down in reverence to complement it, making this feature truly valuable. When paired with a top-quality dragon, it signifies great literary fame, receiving military authority, being granted a marquis title, and governing both military and civilian affairs. When paired with a medium-quality dragon, it indicates holding a minor official position in a state or county, with a wealthy household and many carriages and horses. When paired with a low-quality dragon, it suggests serving as a minor official or servant. The superior quality of the "Phoenix Palanquin" terrain feature refers to a shape resembling a phoenix with sharp wings, but these wings do not point toward the burial site, or they are not visible at the site itself, but rather a sharp, elegant peak is seen ahead. This is considered acceptable. When paired with a top-quality dragon, it signifies literary reputation and rising to a prominent position, as well as the prosperity of female relatives. When paired with a medium-quality dragon, it indicates passing the imperial examinations and holding a position in a state or county. When paired with a low-quality dragon, it suggests repeatedly failing the examinations, with prosperity instead coming from the wife's family.

中格貴砂金爐者，多是石山，有似於金爐之狀。若更有仙橋相應，主丹藥昇仙，及出御醫，膺聘榮顯。上格龍主富貴升朝，清要之官。中格龍主豪富好仙。賤龍主出師巫，及神壇寺廟。上格貴砂御屏風者，乃土星之特峙者也。要方正骨立、聳峙不欹斜、不走足，方為合格。上格龍主文臣宰輔，功著鼎彝，澤及子孫。中格龍主出鎮大藩，鉅富全福。賤龍主孤貧僧道。

The middle-grade precious mountain form "Golden Furnace" is mostly a stone mountain, shaped like an incense burner. If there is also the form of "Immortal Bridge" nearby to complement it, it indicates mastery of alchemy and medicine, attainment of immortality, and also the emergence of imperial physicians who are summoned by the court and achieve honor and prominence. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it signifies wealth and high official rank in the court, holding important and clean positions; when paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates great wealth and a fondness for spiritual pursuits; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it suggests the emergence of shamans or a connection with temples and shrines. The top-grade precious mountain form "Imperial Screen" is a particularly tall and upright type of the Earth Star. It must be square and have strong, upright bones, standing straight without leaning, with the mountain base not spreading outward, to be considered qualified. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it signifies the emergence of distinguished officials and ministers, with meritorious deeds inscribed on bronze vessels and tripod vessels, and blessings extending to descendants; when paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of powerful regional governors, with immense wealth and complete blessings; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it suggests a lonely, poor, and destitute monk or Taoist.

上格貴砂御書臺者，土星之低小者也。要頂方而平，面闊而正，忌斜破、走足、崩面、痕浪等弊。上格龍主經筵進講，東宮師保之貴，宸翰璽書之賜。中格龍主典郡。賤龍主僧道。上格貴砂皇帝座者，一峰聳立，兩肩均平者也。要中峰秀侵雲漢，兩旁平正，方為合格。忌斜欹、碎痕、破折，要四山擁從。上格龍主封王侯，子孫襲爵位，女后妃，朱紫滿門。亦出神仙。中格龍主文章名譽，尚書侍從。賤龍主州縣卑職，霑恩光。

The superior quality "Imperial Writing Platform" is a small and low form of the Earth Star. It requires a flat and square top, and a broad and upright mountain face; it is forbidden for the top to be slanted or broken, for the mountain base to spread outward, for the mountain face to collapse, or for rain marks and water waves to appear. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates serving as a tutor to the emperor in court, holding the prestigious position of a teacher to the crown prince, and receiving imperial calligraphy and seals as rewards; when paired with a medium quality dragon, it indicates governing a single prefecture; when paired with a low quality dragon, it indicates becoming a monk or a Taoist. The superior quality "Emperor's Seat" is a single peak that is high and with two shoulders level. It requires the central peak to be elegant and straight reaching into the clouds, with the two sides level and proper, to be considered qualified; it is forbidden for it to be slanted, broken, or split, and it must be surrounded by mountains on all four sides. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates being granted a marquisate or a duke, with descendants inheriting titles for generations, women entering the palace as empresses and concubines, the whole family becoming officials and nobles, and also producing enlightened immortals; when paired with a medium quality dragon, it indicates achieving fame through literary achievements and holding high official positions such as the Minister of Works and the Imperial Secretary; when paired with a low quality dragon, it indicates holding a minor position in a prefecture or county, with only slight favor from the court.

上格貴砂御爐之砂，金土相生，故貴。要圓方伶俐，尊貴有情，無欹斜破碎之形，方為合格。上格龍主日近天顏，身惹御香。中格龍主富貴而好事鬼神。賤龍主神廟威靈及僧道巫祝。上格貴砂滿床牙笏者，或尖峰，或石筍叢聚，有似於牙笏滿床。不論大小高低，但以清秀為吉。上格龍主三世同朝，滿門朱紫，累世富貴。中格龍主父子兄弟同科，文章名譽。賤龍主畫工、法師、僧道。

The superior quality precious hill called "Imperial Furnace" is formed by the mutual generation of metal and earth shapes, hence it is esteemed. It requires a clear and distinct form, both round and square, with a sharp and refined appearance. It must be noble and expressive, without any crooked or broken shapes, to be considered qualified. When paired with a superior quality dragon, it signifies being close to the emperor's face every day and being imbued with the fragrance of the imperial furnace; when paired with a medium quality dragon, it signifies wealth and a preference for worshiping spirits and deities; when paired with an inferior quality dragon, it signifies the temple's spiritual power or the emergence of monks, Taoists, or shamans. The superior quality precious hill called "Full Bed of Ivory Hand Fans" may appear as a single sharp peak or as a cluster of stone spires, resembling a bed full of ivory hand fans. Regardless of size or height, as long as it is clear and refined, it brings good fortune. When paired with a superior quality dragon, it signifies three generations serving in court together, with the whole family wearing red robes and purple sashes, enjoying accumulated wealth for generations; when paired with a medium quality dragon, it signifies father, son, and brothers achieving success in the same examination, with renowned literary achievements; when paired with an inferior quality dragon, it signifies the emergence of painters, magicians, and monks or Taoists.

上格貴砂誥軸、展軸、誥軸開花。誥軸砂者，乃土星而兩角高起者也。此格長闊者為展誥，狹小者為誥軸，皆以平正清秀、無破碎者為吉。又有軸上生花之格，若得貴人、蓋帳諸貴砂相應，力量愈勝。然展軸亦不專取土星，若水星兩角微起者，亦是展軸。但水星角起，又似仙橋。惟仙橋則角起頗高，而成兩火濟水之格，展誥則只微高而不成火星為異耳。上格龍主膺帝命，褒封恩寵，駙馬皇親。中格龍主貴近天顏。賤龍主小貴而富。

The upper grade of noble sand formations includes three types: "Gao Zhu", "Zhan Zhu", and "Gao Zhu Kai Hua".the so-called "Gao Zhu" sand refers to a star shaped like a scroll of imperial decree, with two high peaks rising. Among these, the long and wide one is called "Zhan Gao", and the narrow and small one is called "Gao Zhu". Both are considered auspicious if they are flat, upright, elegant, and without broken or irregular shapes. There is also a type where flowers grow on the scroll. If this is supported by other noble sands such as the Nobleman or the Covering Curtain, its power becomes even stronger. However, "Zhan Zhu" is not limited to the Earthly Star; if the Water Star has two slightly raised peaks, it is also considered "Zhan Zhu". The difference between this and the "Xian Qiao" (Bridge of Immortals) is that the peaks of Xian Qiao are very high, forming a pattern where two fires support the water, while the peaks of Zhan Zhu are only slightly raised and do not form the Fire Star. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates receiving imperial orders, being honored with a title, and becoming a驸马 (驸马 is a title for a prince's consort) or a royal relative. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates achieving high status and being close to the emperor. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates modest success and family prosperity.

中格貴砂跪爐砂者，山巒一頭高聳，一頭低平，如人跪之狀也。此砂宜高大，不宜破碎及走腳、飛動、順水。宜居水口。上格龍主尚書、宰執、侍從之臣。中格龍主富而好事神佛。賤龍主僧道能禮拜神佛。中格貴砂文筆者，文星尖秀卓立聳拔者也。要端正清奇，忌斜破走足。大凡筆砂，宜遠在天表。斷法云：“狀元筆，千里雲霄出。”上格龍主文章、科第、顯貴，名譽遠播。中格龍主有文名，典州郡。賤龍主蒙師，畫工精巧。

The middle-grade noble hill shape called "kneeling furnace hill" is a mountain that has one end high and the other end flat, resembling a person kneeling. This hill should be tall and grand, not broken or fragmented, and should not extend beyond the mountain foot, move dynamically, or flow with the water. It is suitable to be placed at the water mouth. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates the emergence of officials such as the Minister of Works and high-ranking ministers; when paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates a wealthy family that reveres and worships deities; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates monks and Taoists who devoutly worship deities. The middle-grade noble hill shape called "pen" is a shape where the literary star is sharp, upright, and towering. It should be upright and peculiar, avoiding slanting, broken, or extending beyond the mountain foot. Generally, hills of the pen shape should be placed far away in the sky. The method of judgment says: the状元 pen should emerge from the clouds in the distance. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it indicates literary excellence, academic success, and high status, with reputation spreading far and wide; when paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates a reputation in literature and governance of prefectures and states; when paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates serving as a private tutor or being a skilled painter.

上格貴砂綵鳳筆者，火星插天而下有從山飛揚之勢，如綵鳳騰霄者也。要端正秀麗，遠在天表，方為合格。上格龍主理學崇儒，文章冠世，後學宗師，神童狀元，翰苑師保。中格龍主魁解、高第、奕世榮顯。賤龍主畫工精巧，名播天下。上格貴砂宰相筆者，火星卓立於土星之上而不居中。訣云：“宰相筆，案頭出。”要案正筆秀為合格耳。上格龍主出太平宰相，進秉鈞權。中格龍主京堂侍從，及鎮掌大藩。賤龍主蒙師，生徒眾多。

The superior quality "Colorful Phoenix Pen" hill is a fire star rising straight to the sky, with subordinate mountains below showing a spreading and soaring appearance, resembling a colorful phoenix ascending into the sky. It should be upright and elegant, appearing distant in the sky, to be considered qualified. When paired with a top-quality dragon, it signifies someone who excels in studying classics, reveres Confucianism, and becomes a leading scholar of his time, producing prodigies, top-ranking scholars, and mentors in the Hanlin Academy. When paired with a medium-quality dragon, it indicates achieving a middle-ranking scholar, with family honor continuing for generations. When paired with a low-quality dragon, it signifies a skilled painter whose reputation spreads throughout the world. The superior quality "Prime Minister's Pen" hill is a fire star standing out on a soil star, but not in the center. The mnemonic says: "The Prime Minister's Pen rises from the desk." It requires the case mountain to be upright and the pen peak to be clear and elegant, to be considered qualified. When paired with a top-quality dragon, it signifies the emergence of a peaceful prime minister who later takes control of the country. When paired with a medium-quality dragon, it indicates holding a high-ranking official position in the capital or serving as a guardian of a major region. When paired with a low-quality dragon, it signifies being a tutor in a private school with many students.

上格貴砂三公筆者，三峰卓立於土星之上也。要秀麗清奇，中尊旁卑，不失其序，疏密相等，不欹不斜，方為合格。上格龍主公孤極品，掌握朝綱，身繫天下安危。中格龍主父子兄弟聯科，玉堂顯榮。賤龍主明經授徒，文名遠播而無顯位。下格賤砂罵天筆者，尖峰開兩岐也。縱秀麗亦不吉。劉白頭云：“文筆開丫又帶歪，十遭赴舉九空回。”即此之謂與？上格龍主刀筆進身，居官不正。中格龍主秀才不第，及畫工、訟師。賤龍主是非爭訟，出人缺唇。

The superior grade of noble mountain formations, called "Three Ministers' Brush," consists of three mountain peaks standing upright on the planet Saturn. They should be elegant and peculiar, with the central peak towering high, the two on either side slightly lower, in proper order, neither too dense nor too sparse, not leaning or crooked. Only then is it considered qualified. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it signifies holding a position of the Three Ministers and Three Attendants, controlling the state's affairs, and bearing the safety of the country on one's shoulders. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates the father, son, and brothers achieving success in the imperial examinations together, gaining honor in the Hanlin Academy and the Jade Hall. When paired with a low grade dragon, it suggests attaining official rank through the Mingjing examination, teaching students in a private academy, and enjoying a widespread literary reputation without holding a high official position. The inferior grade of low mountain formations, called "Scolding Heaven Brush," features a sharp peak splitting into two branches at the top. Even if it is elegant, it is not auspicious. Liu Bai Tou said: "A brush tip splitting into two branches and leaning sideways leads to nine failed examinations out of ten." This is probably referring to this grade. When paired with a superior grade dragon, it signifies rising to office through legal documents and writing, but with an unjust official position. When paired with a medium grade dragon, it indicates a failed examination for a scholar, or working as a painter or lawyer. When paired with a low grade dragon, it suggests a lifetime of disputes and litigation, and a family member born with a cleft lip.

上格貴砂狀元筆者，火星聳於土星之上，要正當其筆，又須土方正，火清秀，高而且遠，方為合格。上格龍主一舉登科，神童及第，公孤仙客。中格龍主科第文名，職掌文衡。賤龍主文章之士，儒官訓教。中格貴砂筆陣者，數峰特立，有似於筆陣，雖高卑不同，也宜中峰高，左右峰卑方好。若顛倒錯亂，則吉中有咎耳。上格龍主父子兄弟叔侄同登科第，俱有文名。中格龍主一家大小俱有文名，累舉不第。賤龍主畫師、法師。

The superior grade precious mountain form "Zhuangyuan Brush" is when the fire star rises prominently above the earth star, requiring the peak of the brush to be directly in the central position; it also requires the earth star to be square and the fire star to be refined and elegant, both high and distant, to be considered qualified. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it signifies achieving success in the imperial examinations, becoming a prodigy who passes the exams, reaching high official positions such as the Three Grand Ministers and Three Ministers, or becoming a reclusive scholar. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates passing the exams with moderate success, having literary fame, and being in charge of examining candidates for the imperial examinations. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it suggests becoming a literate scholar or a teacher in Confucian studies. The middle-grade precious mountain form "Brush Array" is when several mountain peaks stand out and line up in a row, resembling a row of brush racks; although the peaks vary in height, the central peak should be the highest, with the left and right peaks lower. If the heights are reversed or disordered, there will be some misfortune amidst the good fortune. When paired with a top-grade dragon, it signifies that father, brothers, uncles, and cousins all achieve success in the imperial examinations, each having literary fame. When paired with a middle-grade dragon, it indicates that all family members have literary fame, but repeatedly fail the examinations. When paired with a low-grade dragon, it suggests the emergence of painters and geomancers.

下格賤砂鬥訟筆者，穴前兩尖相對如斗射也。凡穴前遇此，多主爭訟之應，兄弟不和，專好唆告詞訟。上格龍主為官不避權奸，直言為奏，好辯招非，嗜殺無情。中格龍主富，兄弟不和，及好爭鬥。賤龍主教唆詞訟，傾家蕩產。中格貴砂法師筆者，尖峰之上連開數歧，亦如罵天筆，而丫岐尤多者是也。若出自臺蓋之下，主因法而得官。上格龍主法師顯應，驅神役鬼，因以承恩。中格龍主法師用法而富。賤龍主法師流離困苦。

The lower grade low quality hill 「Struggle Pen」 is a situation where two sharp peaks in front of the site face each other, resembling two pens fighting each other, and the name is derived from the idea of mutual conflict and litigation. Whenever such a hill appears in front of a site, it often indicates disputes and conflicts, brothers falling out, and a tendency to incite others to go to court. When combined with a high quality dragon, it indicates holding an official position without avoiding corrupt officials, being brave enough to speak out directly, but being prone to quarrels and inviting misfortune, and being ruthless in killing. When combined with a medium quality dragon, it indicates a wealthy family but brothers not getting along, and a love for fighting. When combined with a low quality dragon, it indicates inciting lawsuits, leading to the family's ruin. The medium grade noble hill 「Magician's Pen」 is a situation where several branches sprout from the top of the sharp peak, also resembling 「Scolding Heaven Pen」, but with more branches. If it originates from a noble star shape such as 「Platform Cover」, it indicates obtaining official position through magical skills. When combined with a high quality dragon, it indicates the magician's spells being effective, able to control spirits and ghosts, thus receiving favor and affection. When combined with a medium quality dragon, it indicates the magician becoming wealthy through magical practices. When combined with a low quality dragon, it indicates the magician being homeless and in poverty.

下格賤砂和尚筆者，尖峰之旁有陀背之形也。金火相戰，所以賤也。更有仙橋相助，的主高僧無疑。上格龍主高僧聰慧，有文名而霑恩寵。中格龍主僧人有法靈驗。賤龍主出貧僧。中格貴砂醮池筆者，文筆倒地醮入水中也。若順水，多離鄉出貴；若逆水，主鉅富，時進田產及橫財。上格龍主文章科第。中格龍主秀才有文名，鉅富。賤龍主蒙師、僧道、水溺。

The low-grade inferior hill called "Monk's Brush" is a sharp peak with a hump-like rounded hill beside it. This is a conflict between the metal form and the fire form, hence it is considered lowly. If it is further assisted by the form called "Immortal Bridge," it will certainly produce a distinguished monk. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates a wise and learned monk who gains literary fame and receives royal favor; when paired with a medium-grade dragon, it indicates a monk whose spells are effective; when paired with an inferior dragon, it indicates a poor monk. The medium-grade noble hill called "Dipping Pool Brush" is a mountain shaped like a writing brush lying down, with its tip dipping into water. If it follows the direction of the water, it often indicates leaving home and later achieving prominence; if it goes against the water, it indicates great wealth, frequently acquiring more land and receiving unexpected fortune. When paired with a superior dragon, it indicates success in literary exams; when paired with a medium-grade dragon, it indicates a talented scholar with literary fame and great wealth; when paired with an inferior dragon, it indicates working as a private tutor, a monk or a Taoist, or suffering from drowning.

上格富砂進田筆者，凡龍虎之山，帶低小之砂，逆水而上者是。吳公云：“進田之砂無左右，只要墳前有。逆來蘸水不教幹，買盡外州田。”然亦欲其彎抱如牛角，有情面穴方為上吉。亦有不在本身龍虎山，而在外來逆水，穴上見之有情，不尖射者皆是。進田筆主發外來橫財、田產。龍穴貴，則催貴。大抵此砂極易發，若近穴蘸水，寅葬則卯發。予嘗謂逆砂一尺可致富，亦指近穴者言耳。上格龍主一舉登科，為官富厚。中格龍主田連阡陌，時進橫財。

The upper grade of rich terrain called "Jin Tian Bi" refers to the small and low hills that come out from the Azure Dragon and White Tiger mountains, extending upward against the water flow. Wu Jingluan said that the terrain for gaining fields does not distinguish left or right; as long as there is such terrain in front of the tomb, it will flow against the water, with its tip dipping into the water to prevent it from drying up, thus enabling the acquisition of fields from other regions. However, it must also bend like a bull's horn, showing affection towards the spirit point, to be considered highly auspicious. There are also cases where the terrain is not on the original Dragon and Tiger mountains, but rather comes from outside, extending against the water flow, appearing affectionate from the spirit point's perspective and not sharp or piercing the spirit point. Such cases are also considered favorable. "Jin Tian Bi" terrain signifies the acquisition of unexpected wealth and land from outside sources; if the Dragon and spirit point itself is noble, it can also stimulate noble prestige. Generally, this type of terrain is the easiest to produce results. If it is close to the spirit point with its tip dipping into the water, the tomb will bring prosperity in the year of Yin after being buried in the year of Yin. I once said that an inverse terrain of one foot can lead to wealth, referring precisely to this type. When combined with a high-grade Dragon, it signifies a sudden success in the imperial examination, holding an official position and achieving wealth and prosperity at home; when combined with a medium-grade Dragon, it signifies contiguous land and frequent unexpected wealth.

賤龍。下格賤砂退田筆者，不論左右，但有山頭尖而順水去者，名退田筆。若兩水夾送流下去者，退敗尤甚，不問過穴與不曾過穴，但穴前尖者，便是退筆。凡有一田邱，一地角，隨水下去者，便主退賣田產。退筆多者，主倒盡田產，貧苦伶仃，離鄉背井，極為凶惡。立向先須避此。亦主少亡，生子不育，久而絕滅。尖射穴場者，主殺傷人命，鬥毆爭訟，破家亡身。舊說青龍為進田筆，白虎為退田筆者非是。上格龍主清貴威武，家無儲積。中格龍主貧窮，退盡家產。賤龍主乞丐。

The entry for "Jian Long" (贱龙) in the text only leaves these two characters without further explanation, indicating an omission. In the lower section, "Jian Sha" (贱砂) "Tui Tian Bi" (退田笔) refers to a sharp hilltop that follows the water flow, regardless of whether it is on the left or right side. If two streams enclose it and carry it away, the loss of land becomes more severe. Whether or not it crosses the tomb site, if it is sharp in front of the tomb, it is considered a "Tui Tian Bi." Any hill or corner of land that follows the water flow will indicate the sale of land. If there are many "Tui Tian Bi," it signifies the complete loss of land, poverty, loneliness, leaving home, and extreme misfortune. When setting the direction, it should be avoided first. It also indicates the early death of the owner, inability to raise children, and eventually no descendants. If the sharp tip directly points at the tomb site, it causes injury, fighting, lawsuits, and family destruction. The old saying that "Qing Long" (青龙) represents "Jin Tian Bi" (进田笔) and "Bai Hu" (白虎) represents "Tui Tian Bi" is incorrect. If it is paired with a high-grade dragon, it indicates a person of noble character and dignity but with no wealth. If paired with a medium-grade dragon, it indicates poverty and complete loss of property. If paired with a low-grade dragon, it indicates becoming a beggar.