On the Pattern of Divided Claws

此分鉗者，即鉗體中直鉗之變格也。乃星辰開口結穴，而兩鉗分向左右，故曰分鉗。要鉗中藏聚，弦稜明白，登穴不見兩邊分飛之勢。下有氈唇平坦，外護包裹，眞氣融結，方為合格。最忌穴中見其左右分飛，下無氈唇，外護不抱，穴下落槽，界水淋頭，即非眞結，不可下也。此格大要前鋪餘氈為吉。如吾邑孫氏下洋地，其格也。

The concept of "Fen Qian" refers to a variation of the straight Qian structure. It occurs when the celestial bodies open and form a knot, with the two Qian feet branching off to the left and right. Hence it is called "Fen Qian." The requirement is that the Qian body should be able to hold the qi, with clear and distinct edges. When standing at thesite, one should not see the two sides spreading apart. Below thesite, there should be a flat and smooth lip of earth, and the surrounding mountains should enclose it, allowing the true qi to gather and condense. This is considered proper. The most undesirable situation is when standing at thesite, one can see the two feet spreading away to the left and right, with no flat lip below, and the surrounding protective mountains not embracing the area, leaving thesite as a water channel, with boundary water flowing directly overhead. If these conditions exist, it is not a true formation and should not be used for burial. The key principle of this formation is that there should be a spread of flat earth in front of thesite for it to be auspicious. For example, the land at Xiaoyang in the Sun family in our county follows this pattern.

左地在吾邑五都，土名下洋。其龍來遠不詳述。比入局，連聳數峰，磊磊落落。又頓四座貪狼，飛蛾降勢，垂脈下平坡。復起金星開口，成分鉗之格結穴。穴下平鋪氈唇。鉗中頂口分明，前有印星證應，流神環遶融注，明堂團聚，水口交固，龍旺穴暖，誠美地也。朝山雙峰卓秀，以山腳飛揚之勢，取作回子舞獅形。葬後出西溪公 ，官雅、鄭、泰三州州守。春公富壽康寕，宗武、宗道俱歲薦，登郎官，至今人財兩盛，福祉方隆。右地在徽州府黟縣，地名黃坂垣。兌山發龍，轉亥，脫落平洋，成分鉗之穴，粘突就窩放棺，外沙包裹，前朝秀麗。塟後出侍郎，又州縣官不替。土人呼為汪婆墓。

The land on the left is located in the fifth district of our county, named Xiaoyang. Its dragon pulse comes from a distant source, which we will not elaborate on here. As it approaches the main site, several peaks rise consecutively, arranged neatly and orderly; then four peaks of the Tanlang star appear, like moths descending, with the central pulse descending to a flat slope; followed by another peak of the Jin star, opening forward, forming a clamp shape to form the burial site. Below the burial site, the ground is flat with a carpet-like lip, the top and mouth of the clamp are clearly defined; in front there is an imprint star as confirmation, with water flowing around and gathering, the bright hall is gathered, the water mouth is secure, the dragon energy is strong, and the burial site is warm, making it truly a fine place. Two peaks of the facing mountains stand upright and beautiful, combined with the flying posture of the mountain foot, the shape is called "Hui Zi Wu Shi" (returning son dancing a lion). After burial, a man named Xixi Gong (the original text lacks one character here) rose to the positions of governor of Yuzhou, Zhengzhou, and Taizhou; Chun Gong became wealthy, long-lived, and healthy; Zongwu and Zongdao both came from the annual examination candidates and reached the rank of official assistants; to this day, the population and wealth are both flourishing, and the blessings are at their peak. The land on the right is located in Yixian County, Huizhou Prefecture, named Huangban Yuan. The dragon comes from the Dui direction, turns to the Hai direction, and descends to a flat area, forming a clamp-shaped burial site, with the coffin placed using the method of "zhan tu jiu wo" (adhering to the protrusion and following the depression); the surrounding terrain is wrapped by ridges, and the facing mountains are beautiful. After burial, a minister of the rank of vice-minister emerged, and officials at the level of prefecture and county have been continuously produced generation after generation. The local people call it "Wang Po Mu" (Wang Po's tomb).

左合鉗者，即鉗格之變體也。氣從兩鉗而合，故曰合鉗。乃龍脈已盡，星辰已止，而總會處峻硬無穴，鉗中又無微乳微窩，氣融在下，兩鉗收處，中間合聚成穴，微有突泡，如鉗之鉗物，俗亦呼作雙筯夾饅頭之形。要氈唇圓整，曜氣證應，星辰仰面，方為合格。最忌槽中太深，鉗口不收，唇氈不明，曜星不照，有一於此，則非眞結，不可下也。吳國師為吳園張氏下一地合此格，俗呼玉筯夾饅頭形。圖具於下。

The figure on the left shows a type of "Hei Qian" (clamping formation), which is a variant of the "Qian Ge" (clamping structure). The earthly energy flows along the two legs of the clamping formation and converges in front, hence the name "Hei Qian." Its formation is due to the dragon pulse having reached its end, the stars having stopped, yet the convergence point is abrupt and rigid, unable to form a proper site. There is no subtle mound or depression within the clamping structure, and the energy instead gathers below. The site forms a subtle mound at the point where the two legs of the clamping structure meet, resembling a clamp holding something. It is also called "Shuang Jun Jia Mantou" (two joints clamping a steamed bun) in the folk. The "Zhan Chen" (cushion lip) should be round and complete, with a star of brilliance (Yao Qi) as a confirmation. The stars should face upward. This formation is considered qualified. It is most忌讳 (to be avoided) if the groove is too deep, the mouth of the clamp does not close properly, the cushion lip is not distinct, or the star does not correspond. If any of these conditions are present, it is not a true site and should not be used for burial. Master Wu Jingluan of the state selected a site for the Zhang family of Wu Yuan that fits this formation, known in the folk as "Yu Jun Jia Mantou" (jade joints clamping a steamed bun), and the figure is shown below.

右地在吾邑，地名金山，土窖穴上有槽，俗呼金梘銀槽，亦曰玉筯夾饅頭。癸山丁向，吳景鸞先生為其婿張須公葬祖。下後，須公官虔州倅。張根、張樸俱入翰林。廣永豐縣亦有一穴，與此同。俗云亦玉筯夾饅頭形。友人鉛山任思梅為予言之。予未見，不具圖。

This piece of land is located in our county, named Jinshan. The tomb site is on a mound of earth, with a groove on top of the mound. Locals call it "Jin Jian Yin Chao" or "Yu Jun Jia Mantou." The tomb is oriented with the癸 mountain and丁 direction. This site was selected by Wu Jingluan for his son-in-law Zhang Xugong's ancestral burial. After the burial, Zhang Xugong became the Qianzhou Tongpan, and Zhang Gen and Zhang Pu both entered the Hanlin Academy. There is also a similar tomb in Yongfeng County, Guangxin Prefecture, which is also called "Yu Jun Jia Mantou" by the locals. This information was told to me by my friend Ren Simei from Lianshan; I have not seen it myself, so I do not include a diagram.

右閃乳者，乳從偏落，閃在一旁，故為之閃。如小皃閃躱之義，即乳體之變格也。龍勢到此起頂，偏下作穴，而中出之乳粗硬斜曲，無穴可下，正氣閃在一邊，乃以中乳為龍虎護衛之沙，此穴極為難認。龍從左來，閃乳在右；龍從右來，閃乳在左。亦有龍脈中起均勻，兩穴皆可下者。最宜乳頭光彩，兩掬有情，不粗不峻，方為合格。若粗飽峻急，瘦弱微小，則非眞結，不可下也。董德彰為婺源倪氏下一地合此格。圖具下。

The flash breast, as shown in the diagram, refers to a breast shape that is slightly leaning downward and shifting aside, hence called "flash," taking the meaning of a child dodging aside. It represents a variation of the breast form. Its cause is that the dragon energy reaches this point and rises upward but shifts to one side to form a pit. The central breast is thick, hard, and twisted, with no suitable place for the spirit energy to settle. Therefore, the true earth energy flashes to one side, and the central breast is then used as a protective ridge for the dragon and tiger. This type of pit is extremely difficult to recognize. The pattern is: if the dragon comes from the left, the flash breast is on the right; if the dragon comes from the right, the flash breast is on the left; there are also cases where the dragon ridge is in the center, rising upward and forming two pits on both sides that can both receive the spirit energy. The best case is when the breast head is smooth and lustrous with color, and the two arms on both sides are harmonious, neither thick nor steep. Only then is it considered qualified. If it is thick and steep, or thin and weak, it is not a true formation and cannot be used for burial. A piece of land selected by Dong Dezhang for the Ni family of Wuyuan conforms to this pattern, and the diagram is listed below.

婺源倪氏御史祖地　倪氏地正穴，以左山包裹，面前盡遮，外洋山水，一切不見。局又逼窄，明堂朝山俱無。只是藏風聚氣，穴場甚暖。所以塟下當代即出御史，驟發富貴。與廖金精下明溪許學士祖地當代出貴相同，皆是穴間緊固，一切不見。噫！此等地，非哲師明主，則棄物耳。

The diagram is titled "Ni Family Ancestral Burial Ground of the Imperial Censor from Wuyuan," but the original illustration is lost. The explanation states that the main burial site of the Ni family is blocked by a mountain on its left, which completely hides the front view; external water and mountain features are entirely invisible. The terrain is narrow and confined, with no bright hall or facing mountains, but it is able to retain wind and gather energy, making the burial site very warm. Therefore, when the burial was performed, a censor emerged in the same generation, achieving sudden wealth and status. This is the same principle as the ancestral tomb of Xu Xueshi, pointed out by Liao Jinjing, which also produced a person of high status in the same generation—both cases involve a compact and secure burial site where nothing is visible from outside. Alas! Such sites would merely be discarded objects if they were not encountered by a skilled master and a discerning owner.

右地在婺源縣大白巡司東一里，其龍迢迢而來，磊落奇特。將入首，穿峽開帳，星辰尊重。結穴藏聚，兩畔護從重重。下關一山逆河纏遶，關收內堂，蔽障外曠。而隨龍田水平坦，四勢團集，融結固佳。而穴甚奇怪，董德彰初下中乳天空，以貪外秀。不利，復扦低穴就堂，又不利。倪氏欲遷別所。董師乃自訟曰：眞龍毋虛生之理。有龍如此，豈可舍乎？必我悞也。

This piece of land is located one li east of the Dabai Xunjian Si in Wuyuan County. Its dragon ridge comes from afar, lofty and unique; as it approaches the "entry point," it passes through a narrow gorge and spreads out like a canopy, with dignified and noble star formations. The site where the mound forms is hidden and gathers energy, with protective hills on both sides, layered and dense. There is a mountain at the lower part that flows against the river, winding around and enclosing the inner bright hall, blocking the open space outside. The flat fields following the dragon ridge are level, with surrounding forms gathering together, forming a very good site. However, the site itself is quite special: Dong Dezhang first chose the central ridge as the site, which was too high and exposed, aiming for the beauty of the surrounding scenery, but it was not favorable. Then he changed to a lower site, aligning with the bright hall, but it was still unfavorable. Ni氏 planned to move to another place. Dong Master then blamed himself, saying: There is no reason for a true dragon to be wasted. With such a dragon ridge, how could it be abandoned? It must be my mistake.

乃私往其山，周帀詳審，因知結穴閃乳，前所下者皆非。蓋中乳上既直硬，而下復彎曲顧內，故正脈鍾於閃乳，而中乳乃其護砂。但閃乳之穴甚丑怪，而一臂左砂又盡障外秀，不見明堂朝對，如坐井面牆，非俗眼所知，直指必不我信。欲立名以歆之，未得其當。隨入村莊，偶見機織，豁然有悟。遂喚美女擲梭之形，穴扦動乳。復報倪氏，果信之，遂扦葬焉。繫亥、艮行龍，轉折酉、辛，戌、幹入首，扦辛山乙向。頂急乳小，用離杖下之。下後倪氏出進賢，登進士，官御史。曰以孚，曰鼎，登鄉試。一時驟發。但御史為人，亦不甚正，亦閃斜之召耳。

So he went alone again to that mountain, carefully examining the surroundings, and finally realized that the true convergence point was on the flash hill. The previous two points he had chosen were incorrect. Originally, the middle hill was straight and firm at the upper part, but curved back towards the interior at the lower part, so the main energy converged on the flash hill, while the middle hill was merely its protective hill. However, the flash hill had an ugly shape, and the sand on the left arm blocked all the external beauty, making it impossible to see the bright hall and the facing mountain, like sitting in a well facing a wall. This is something outsiders cannot understand; if he told them directly, they would not believe. He wanted to give it a pleasant name to impress the owner, but could not think of an appropriate one at the moment. Later, he entered the village and happened to see a loom weaving cloth. Suddenly he had a great realization, and thus named the place "A Beautiful Woman Throwing the Shuttle" shape, choosing the hill with dynamic energy as the burial point. He then went to tell the Ni family, and they indeed believed it, so they buried the deceased there. The site is a dragon coming from the亥 and艮 directions, turning to酉 and辛, entering from戌 and乾 directions, with the compass direction set as辛 mountain and乙 direction. Because the star peak was abrupt and the hill was small, the burial was done using the "Li Zhang" method. After the burial, the Ni family produced Ni Jinxian, who passed the imperial examination and became an imperial censor; Ni Yifu and Ni Ding passed the local examination, and the family suddenly became prosperous. However, the imperial censor was not a very upright person, which was also caused by the sloping shape of the burial site.

補義按：是地也，先葬中乳總會，又葬中乳盡頭。要知皆緣貪砂水、明堂、龍虎為悞。復扦閃乳之上，始得其眞。籲！以董公之明，尙至三扦而得正穴，況其它乎？可見砂水之誘人，雖明師所不免。有志者尙當參酌其可否，毋徒見一不利而即有所棄也。

Supplemental commentary: This land was first buried at the convergence of the central ridge's energy, then at the end of the central ridge. One must know that both times were mistaken due to the allure of terrain, water, the bright hall, and the dragon and tiger formations. It was only after changing the point to the flashing ridge that the true site was found. Alas! Even someone as skilled as Dong Dezhang needed three attempts to find the correct site. How much more so for others? This shows how easily terrain and water can mislead people, even masters cannot avoid it. Those who are serious about this art should carefully consider and not abandon the site just because of one unfavorable sign.

此側乳者，乳從側落，偏於一畔而不正之謂也。邊有邊無，多作金釵、蟠龍及掛樹蛇等形。要外山湊集，方為合格。貴溪夏閣老父地合此式。右為夏文愍公言父地。穴前一掬緊固，藏風聚氣。但逼窄無明堂，不見外洋。當代出貴，與倪氏地同。

the so-called side breast, refers to the shape of the breast falling from the side, leaning to one side rather than being centered. It often has a protective feature on one side and none on the other, and its form is usually named after objects such as a hairpin, a coiled dragon, or a snake hanging from a tree. It must have mountains surrounding it externally to be considered proper. The burial site of the father of Guixi Xia Gelaocai conforms to this pattern. The figure on the right shows the burial site of the father of Xia Wenmin Gong Xia Yan (the figure is now lost): there is a compact and dense enclosure in front of the grave site, capable of sheltering wind and gathering energy; however, the overall situation is cramped and lacks a bright hall, making it impossible to see the outer surroundings. A nobleman emerged in the contemporary era, which is similar to the situation of the Ni family's burial site mentioned earlier.

該地在貴溪縣，土名流口，蟠龍形，乃側乳穴也。其龍穴皆貴，但堂氣逼窄。前山既近且高，不見外朝。桂翁晩年無子，自疑地理家有“一重案外見青天，後代少人煙”之說，乃徙遷之。開壙時，其下棺木如新，茜藤交結，氣起如蒸。未幾，公即遭禍。但此地葬時，公已貴矣。其禍福未必盡繫於此。嘗觀其一祖墳，在上清宮，土名桂樹洲者，甚美。拜相乃在於彼。是時亦大興造築，傷箋龍脈，填塞界水。又新塟一地，在上饒鄭坊，穴前正見石人山，儼然一斷頭之像，皆能召禍。雖然，公端人也，以身殉國，乃其素志。隨讒被戳，未必盡繫於地。但揆之術家，禍福之驗，似亦不誣。並録於此，似為輕舉者之戒云。

This piece of land is located in Guixi County, with the village name Liukou. Its shape is called "Panlong" (coiled dragon), and it is a side-lying burial site. Both the dragon and the burial site are noble, but the Bright Hall is narrow and cramped, and the front mountains are close and high, so the outer facing mountains are not visible. In his later years, Xia Gui翁 (Xia Yan) had no sons, and he suspected that it was in accordance with the geomancer's saying, "One layer outside sees blue sky, but the descendants have few people." Therefore, he moved his father's grave. When they dug the tomb, the coffin inside was as new as when it was first buried, with redweed and vines intertwined and entwined, and the earth qi rising and swirling. Soon after, Xia Gong suffered misfortune. However, when this land was buried, Xia Gong was already in a position of power, so his fortune and misfortune may not have been entirely determined by this site. I once saw another ancestral tomb of his in Shangqing Palace, with the village name Guishu Zhou. The terrain was very beautiful, and his becoming a high official was actually verified there. However, at that time, there was also a lot of construction, which damaged the dragon pulse and blocked the boundary water. He also recently buried another tomb in Zhengfang, Shangrao, where the burial site faces directly the Stone Person Mountain, forming a clearly severed head shape—these are all sufficient to invite misfortune. Nevertheless, Xia Gong was a man of integrity, and sacrificing himself for his country was his long-held aspiration. He was killed due to slander, which may not have been entirely due to geomancy. However, according to the geomancer's reasoning, the verification of fortune and misfortune does not seem to be entirely baseless. I have recorded this all together, which may serve as a warning to those who act recklessly.

此鶻突者，模糊不明之謂也。穴星闊大，微有界水，粗看則無，細察則有，亦太極暈之類也，最為貴穴。吳公下浮梁盧氏九癭夫人祖地，及豐城楊尙書祖地合此。圖具下。左地在浮梁縣東鄉，吳國師景鸞下也。國師與李德鴻善。凡其鄉之山水，亦多指示。獨此地為盧氏下。既下，謂李曰：“昨為盧氏下一國後地。”　李曰：“何不指我？”國師曰：“子美地已多，何其貪耶？”李曰：“公侯將相，何能敵國後之尊乎？”國師曰：“是不難，吾為子圖之。”曰：“令起而鬻之乎？”曰：“不然，令彼貴氣歸子家耳。但勿洩。”

The term "hutu" refers to something that is indistinct or unclear. This type of site is broad and lofty, with only very subtle boundary water, which seems absent at first glance but is discernible upon close examination. It belongs to the category of "Taiji Yun," and is the most esteemed type of site. The ancestral tombs of the Nine Tumuli Lady, a woman of great virtue, for the Lu family in Fuliang, and the ancestral tomb of Yang Shusheng, a high-ranking official from Fengcheng, both conform to this pattern, and are illustrated in the following diagram. The piece of land on the left is located in the eastern town of Fuliang county, and was selected by the master geomancer Wu Jingluan. Master Wu was friends with Li Dehong, and had advised on many of the surrounding mountains and waters, but this particular site was specifically chosen for the Lu family. After completing the selection, he told Li Dehong: "Yesterday, I selected a site for the Lu family that is suitable for a queen mother." Li asked, "Why didn't you show it to me?" The master said, "Your family already has enough excellent land; why be so greedy?" Li replied, "How can the prestige of a marquis or general compare to that of a queen mother?" The master said, "That's not difficult; I can help you arrange it." Li asked, "Is it to have them sell that land?" The master said, "No, it is to have that noble status transfer to your family, but it must not be revealed."

於是，國師詔盧曰：“前所下地將軍仗劍形，劍上宜堆九星，則其應神速。”盧果堆之。國師囑李曰：“子宜戒爾子孫，盧氏有女選妃，臨行而發癭，乃貴女也，宜娶之。他日產子，必貴。”李氏如其言以戒子孫，有“娶婦須娶盧氏女”之訓。其後，盧氏果生一女，應朝選，至期忽發九癭，不入選。李氏子孫如公所戒，果娶此女。其後生九子，皆貴顕，俱腰金。至今浮梁相傳為九癭夫人云。

Then the national master told the Lu family: "The land we previously selected has the shape of 'General with Sword'. On the sword's body, nine star mounds should be piled up, and the fulfillment of the omen will be particularly swift." The Lu family indeed piled up the nine star mounds as instructed. The master also told Li Dehong: "You must warn your descendants: the Lu family will have a daughter who will be selected to enter the palace as a concubine. Before she leaves, she will develop nine goiters, which indicates she is a noble lady, and you should marry her. Her son in the future will certainly achieve high status." The Li family followed the master's advice and warned their descendants accordingly, leaving behind the ancestral instruction "When marrying, one must marry a woman from the Lu family." Later, the Lu family indeed had a daughter who was selected by the court for the palace. However, on the appointed day, she suddenly developed nine goiters and was not selected. The Li family's descendants followed the master's instruction and indeed married this woman. Afterward, she gave birth to nine sons, all of whom achieved high status, each wearing golden seals. Until today, the area around Fuliang still tells the story of her as the "Nine Goiter Lady."

右地在豐城縣東南二十里，土名石灘，俗呼笑天龍形。其龍起自聳峰山作祖，撒落平洋，順流逶迤而來。二十餘里，隱隱隆隆，鋪氈展席。將及結穴，翻身逆水張朝，大展平面飛蛾。角上出脈，穴臨水際。登穴視之，似於散亂無情。細察其穴，略起微泡，左右依稀遶抱。當面石灘高田橫攔，以為近案。案外徐山華蓋遠朝。面前東鄉之水朝穴。下手銅釘口外有游魚鎭塞水口。山水大會，眞貴地也。楊氏塟後，出月湖公廉，官至尙書，為國朝理學名臣，迄今子孫鼎盛未艾。

This piece of land on the right is located twenty miles southeast of Fengcheng County, named Shitan. Locally, it is called the "Laughing Sky Dragon" shape. Its dragon ridge originates from Songfeng Mountain as the ancestral mountain, spreads out into flat land, follows the stream winding its way for more than twenty miles, appearing subtly elevated and broad, like a spread-out carpet or a laid-out mat. As it approaches the site of the mound, it turns back against the water, facing the incoming water, and spreads out a flat shape resembling a flying silkworm. From the silkworm's horns, the ridge branches out, and the site is located by the water. When viewed from the site, it seems scattered and emotionless; however, upon closer inspection, the site is only slightly raised, with a slight bulge, and there is a vague sense of surrounding hills on both sides. In front, the high field of Shitan stretches horizontally, acting as a near-case; beyond the case, the mountain of Xushan, shaped like a canopy, comes from afar to face the site; in front, the water of Dongxiang flows towards the site; and beyond the copper nail mouth, there is a mountain shaped like a swimming fish blocking the water entrance. Mountains and waters gather here in a great assembly, indeed a noble land. After the Yang family was buried here, a descendant named Yuehu Gong Yang Lian emerged, who held the position of Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and was a famous scholar of Confucianism in this dynasty. His descendants have remained prosperous and flourishing to this day.

此並突者，兩突相粘聯起也，法當扦交界之間。蓋以兩突合氣，融聚在中，故曰並。此穴極貴，惟大龍旺盛者方有此穴，至難體認，務須細辨，不可忽略。吳國師仲祥下吾邑董氏一地，兩虎爭肉形，合此式，圖具下。

the so-called "bing tu" refers to two prominences that are joined together and rise as one. According to the method, thesite should be located at the midpoint where the two prominences meet. Since the qi of the two prominences converges and凝聚s at the center, it is called "bing." This type ofsite is extremely noble and only appears in areas where a great dragon's momentum is strong. It is the most difficult to recognize, so one must be very careful in distinguishing it and must not overlook it. Master Wu Zhongxiang of the country once selected a plot of land for the Dong family in our county, named it "Two Tigers Fighting for Meat," which conforms to this pattern. The diagram is listed below.

右地在吾邑八都，土名海口南五里。其龍甚旺，將入首，起太陰，落為平坡，復起太陰，兩星相照，穴立平坡之中二突相併處。前朝貴人立馬案。葬後出進士數十人，翰林、理學數人。盤澗先生銖、深山先生鼎，皆朱子門人，此地之鍾也。兩面俱是太陰星夾穴，取兩虎爭肉形，穴居肉。

This piece of land is located in the eighth district of our county, five miles south of Haikou. Its dragon qi is extremely strong, and as it approaches the "entry" point, a Taiyin Golden Star appears, forming a flat slope. Then another Taiyin Golden Star rises, with the two stars supporting each other. The site is established at the center of the flat slope where two protrusions meet. The facing mountain is in the form of a nobleman, and the case mountain is in the form of a horse. After burial, dozens of candidates for the imperial examination emerged, along with several scholars of the Hanlin Academy and representatives of the school of rationalism. Pan Jian (Dong Zhu) and Shen Shan (Dong Ding), both scholars of Zhu Xi, are examples of the spiritual wealth of this land. The diagram notes that both sides are protected by Taiyin Golden Stars, forming the shape of "two tigers fighting for meat," with the site located at the "meat" position.

左地在南昌白湖嶺南。其龍分省龍之旺氣，透漏而結穴者也。自鶴仙岡開金水帳，帳中抽出。至東城門渡峽，復到帳幕嶺五星聚講，橫開仙橋大帳，中抽出。至西城門，又大斷，起白湖沖天木星，清秀可愛。正脈渡江去結省城。此龍發自白湖側面，成正體三臺。中峰一線小脈抽下，復起太陽金星，老龍抽出嫩枝結穴。但正面夷坦，似窩非窩，乃是空窩，無氣。穴閃一邊，且落低平，結成下聚。昧者或病其龍短。不知此乃大干旺處，寸寸是玉。矧三臺一節結穴，為至貴之格。只是穴星有窩而不葬，極為難認。蓋眞氣閃於左畔，略成微突，如老蚌吐珠，穎異非常。左右彎抱有情，面前河水纏遶，奇峰朝揖，眞美地也。宣德九年劉氏葬後，人財大旺，科甲纏聯。何野雲鉗記録於後。

This piece of land is located to the south of the White Lake Ridge in Nanchang. Its dragon pulse originates from the main dragon of the provincial capital, emanating from the side and forming a cluster of energy. From the Zhang Mountain on He Xian Ridge, a golden water account spreads out, then draws out to the east city gate crossing a narrow pass; then again rises at the Pavilion Ridge forming the "Five Stars Gathered for Discussion" pattern, spreading out horizontally to form a grand bridge-like account, and again drawing out from the middle; then reaching the west city gate, it makes a major break and rises as a heavenly star of wood at the White Lake, which is clear and lovely. The main line crosses the river and forms the provincial capital. This branch dragon originates from the side of the White Lake, forming a complete three-plate shape; the central peak draws down a small line of energy, rising again as a sun golden star, which is exactly where the old dragon draws out a young branch to form a cluster of energy. However, its front is flat, neither a depression nor a hollow, actually being an empty hollow with no energy; the true cluster of energy lies to one side and is low and flat, forming the "lower gathering" pattern. Those who do not understand may think the dragon pulse is too short, but they do not realize that this is the most flourishing part of the great dry dragon, every inch being like fine jade; moreover, the cluster of energy forms right after one section beneath the three plates, which is the most noble pattern. However, this cluster of energy star clearly has a hollow but is not buried on the hollow, making it very difficult to recognize. In fact, the true energy lies to the left, slightly forming a small protrusion, like an old oyster spitting out a pearl, very special; with the arms on both sides embracing it affectionately, and the river in front winding around, strange peaks paying homage, it is indeed a beautiful piece of land. After the Liu family was buried here in the ninth year of Xuande, the family's population and wealth flourished greatly, and the examination results continued endlessly. The record by He Yeyun is copied below.

宣德十年，歲在乙卯，予道經南昌之梓溪，因訪劉氏季直，相見如故，朝夕不怠。與論陰陽地理之說曰：“‘卜其宅兆而安厝之’，此人子大事。矧自古以來，有國有家者，莫不擇乎山川形勢，以定陰陽二宅，為子孫久遠之計。”季直唯唯。又旬餘，告予曰：“某舊冬葬先室於白湖嶺，願師一鍳之。”予諾之。遂往觀之。見其地誠為千載松楸之所也，因留鉗為後驗雲。

In the tenth year of the Xuande era, when the stem and branch were Yimao, I passed by Zixi in Nanchang and paid a visit to Jizhi of the Liu family. We became close friends at our first meeting, and we visited each other day and night without tiring. I discussed the principles of yin and yang and geographical selection with him, saying, "The Classic of Filial Piety states, 'Divine the site for burial and place the deceased there,' which is a major responsibility for a son. Moreover, since ancient times, those who ruled states or families have never failed to select the terrain and landscape to determine both the dwelling for the living and the resting place for the dead, as a long-term plan for their descendants." Jizhi repeatedly agreed with me. A few days later, he told me, "Last winter, I buried my deceased wife at Baihu Ling, and I hope Master will come to inspect it." I agreed and went to examine the site. I found that the land was indeed a mountain suitable for burial for thousands of years, so I left a record, waiting for future verification.

鉗曰：湖峰美地穴難扦，左畔仙宮汝佔先。二十四神皆揖拱，三十八將盡朝元。搗藥杵聲猶未息，此龍杖住老龍眠。丑山未向坤申水，子息金階玉殿宣。先出文林並奉議，南鄉北保置莊田。稅錢三萬七千貫，金玉盈箱不計年。三代神童如及第，生成鐵樹亦生煙。若問人丁多少數？芝麻一石數當添。兄弟四房俱發福，燒些錢帋玉爐邊。

The Qianji record states: This beautiful land on White Lake Mountain is a fine site, but thesite is hard to determine. The position of the仙宫 on the left has already been claimed by your ancestors. Twenty-four deities all come to pay homage, and thirty-eight generals are fully aligned towards the center. The sound of the pestle used for grinding medicine has not ceased to this day. This dragon has rested its staff here, and the old dragon has now found peace. Facing the direction of Wei and sitting on the direction of Chou, water comes from the direction of Kun and Shen. The descendants will ascend the golden steps and be summoned to the jade hall. First, officials such as Wenlin Lang and Fengyi Lang will emerge, and they will establish estates in the southern town and northern protection area. The annual tax money is thirty-seven thousand guan, with gold and jade filling the boxes in countless years. Within three generations, there will be a divine child who passes the imperial examination. Even the iron tree will produce smoke. If one asks about the number of people, it would be more than the number of grains in a stone of sesame. All four branches of brothers will prosper, and it is enough to burn some paper money at the jade furnace for worship.

右地在華容縣東八十里，土名七峰山。其龍來脈甚遠，不詳述。比入局，開大帳，頓跌數峰，磊磊落落，龍勢雄昂，氣甚旺盛。卻入首一節，抽出平緩，為蘆鞭貴格結穴。穴開鉗口，鉗中陡峻，不能融結。乃就脈棄鉗而點蓋穴，沙水亦皆應副。此緩來急受，故不葬鉗而挈高取穴，亦以避其鉗中之峻耳。與鉛山費狀元烏石山祖地頗相似，乃江右雷氏所卜。嘉靖已丑年葬，癸巳年生喬桂公，登戊辰進士，官翰林吉士，今福祉未艾。

This piece of land is located eighty miles east of Huarong County, named Qifeng Mountain. Its dragon line originates from a distant place, which is not detailed here. When entering this site, one opens a large account, and the terrain suddenly drops, forming several mountain peaks, arranged neatly and orderly, with a strong and majestic dragon trend, and an extremely vigorous energy. However, the section called "入首" (the entrance of the dragon) is drawn flat and gentle, forming a "Lu Bian" (reed whip) noble pattern and concluding in asite (a burial site). The star of thesite (burial site) although opens a钳口 (claw mouth), the钳 (claw) is steep and abrupt, and cannot form a propersite (burial site). Therefore, following the pulse of the energy, it abandons the钳口 (claw mouth), and instead chooses the "盖穴" (covering burial site), with the surrounding hills and water all corresponding. This is because the coming dragon line is flat and gentle, yet the承接 (receiving) is urgent, so it is not buried in the钳口 (claw mouth), but rather thesite (burial site) is taken higher up, also to avoid the steepness in the钳 (claw). This site is quite similar to the ancestral tomb of Fei Zhuangyuan (a状元) on Wushan Mountain in Lead Mountain, determined by the Jiangyou Lei family. It was buried in the Jichou year of the Jiajing era, and Guisi year saw the birth of Qiaogui Gong, who passed the imperial examination in the Wu Chen year, became a candidate of the Hanlin Academy, and the blessings continue to this day.

右地在吾邑治南五里，土名長塘。其龍來遠不述其龍法背面下。入首工字龍格，霞帔度脈。起土星掛角穴，乃脈從左來，穴以右受，有垂珠倒氣，成太陽頭腦，開口腦下，合土星角穴正格。故不取乳，以中乳直硬不受穴，掛角聚氣藏風，後有鬼星，前有氈褥，左右夾照，弦稜明白，證得穴眞。俗呼眠犬形，懷中氣動穴。葬後出肯由公鍧，登嘉靖丙戌進士，官衢州府太守，人丁大旺，鉅富，稅銀千石，應例登仕籍衣冠數十人，福祉方隆。

This piece of land is located five miles south of our county hall, named Changtang. Its dragon-like ridge comes from a long distance, and the details are not discussed here (original note: the form and method of this dragon can be found in the section titled "Backside"). At the point where the dragon enters, the form is like the character "gong" (a type of ancient Chinese character), and the ridge spreads out like a silk sash, forming a hill shaped like a star. The site is a "hanging horn" type of grave. This is because the ridge comes from the left, and the grave is on the right, receiving the energy in a reversed manner like a hanging pearl, forming the head of the sun metal star. Below this head, there is an opening, which exactly matches the standard form of a star-shaped grave. Therefore, a breast-shaped grave is not chosen, because the central ridge is straight and hard, unable to hold the grave; whereas the hanging horn site can gather energy and shelter from the wind, with a ghost star behind, a carpet in front, and protective ridges on both sides, with clear and distinct edges, proving that this grave is genuine. Locally, it is called the "sleeping dog" shape, and the grave is named "the grave where energy moves within the embrace." After burial, a person named Kenyou Gong Kuo was buried here, who passed the imperial examination in the Bingxu year of the Jiajing era and became the magistrate of Quzhou Prefecture. His family became prosperous, with many descendants, becoming a wealthy family. They paid a thousand stones of silver in taxes annually, and dozens of scholars entered officialdom according to the regulations, indicating that the blessings are flourishing.

左地在永康縣西五里。其龍與邑龍數十里外分脈，逆溪水上奔。復盤轉入局，逆田源朝北結穴。穴形奇怪有突。有突而不塟於突，不串龍勢，不對明堂、龍虎，俗眼即為死氣之處。左砂硬奔，攔在面前，明堂傾斜。殊不知十里田源暗朝，遶過明堂而纏玄武，大溪水交會，眞龍盡氣鍾之吉也。先一家塟，退敗遷去。明師劉永太復為徐氏指塟舊所。徐氏曰：“彼既不吉，何為塟舊穴？”劉曰：“淺深不同，乘氣有異。且此地本主先凶後吉。今彼既已退敗一代，而君塟則凶氣已去，吉氣將來。”徐如其言，塟之，果出侍郎。又科第數人，富貴未艾。今太守公師夔、師皋諸貴，皆出此地。劉永太課云：一代伶倌二代貧，三代頗有讀書生，四代為官常近帝，五代六代榜聯登。巳山亥向。

This piece of land is located five miles west of Yongkang County. Its dragon ridge originates dozens of miles away, separates from the main dragon of the county, and flows upstream against the stream, then turns and winds back to this site, heading north to form a mound. The mound has a unique shape with a protrusion, but the burial is not on the protrusion, nor does it follow the dragon's direction, nor does it face directly the bright hall and the dragon and tiger ridges. To an unskilled person, it appears to be a death qi site. The left side has hard and rushing ridges blocking the front, and the bright hall is also sloping. They do not know that a stream ten miles long flows secretly to this site, circling around the bright hall and wrapping around the black tortoise behind the mound, and meeting with the main stream. This is a true sign of the dragon coming to an end and the earth qi gathering, which is a favorable omen. Previously, a family was buried here, but their fortune declined and they moved away. Master Liu Yongtai later advised the Xu family to bury again at the same site. The Xu family asked, "Since that family's burial was not favorable, why is this old site still used?" Liu Yongtai replied, "The depth is different, so the qi received is different; moreover, this site originally has a pattern of first being凶 and then being吉. Now that the previous family has declined for one generation, your family burying here will have the凶 qi gone and the吉 qi coming." The Xu family followed his advice and buried here, and indeed, a minister of the imperial court and several people who passed the imperial examinations emerged, and their wealth and honor have not ceased to this day. The current governor, Xu Shike and Xu Shigao, and other noble people all come from this site. Master Liu Yongtai's record said that the first generation would produce artists, the second generation would be poor, the third generation would have some scholars, the fourth and fifth generations would be officials often serving near the emperor. The site faces the mountain of Si and is oriented towards the direction of Hai.

此一卷専論穴星。凡點穴，須審入首之山成某星體。星體明白，方是眞氣融結。若入首之山不成星體，即是眞氣不融。楊公云：“觀星裁穴始為眞，不論星辰是虛誑。”但諸家星體，立法殊途，故美惡吉凶，紛紜不一。議者或為五星為正，九星為變。殊不知五星即五行也。五行之變，不可勝形。朱子謂“五行之變，至於不可窮盡。”然則九星又安能盡其變哉！惟其融結成穴，雖有正變不同，而其形體未嘗離於五星。是五星誠守約賅博，一定不易之理。又何泥夫諸家巧立異名之謬哉！謹以子微五星，參酌廖氏模範，定為穴星三格。端正者曰正體，偏斜者曰側腦，倒地者曰平面。而各貫以窩、鉗、乳、突四象，庶幾星形明白，免於眩惑，而易簡之理得矣。

This chapter specifically discusses "xue xing" or "穴星," which refers to the star-like form at the entrance of a site. Whenever selecting a site, one must first examine the mountain at the entrance to determine what kind of star shape it forms. Only when the star shape is clear and distinct can it be considered as the true convergence of vital energy. If the mountain at the entrance does not form a star shape, then it indicates that the vital energy has not converged. Yang Yunsong said: "Observing the stars to determine the site is the true method; regardless of whether the stars are false or not." That is, only by accurately identifying the star shape can one truly determine the site; otherwise, it is baseless and deceptive. However, different schools of thought have different criteria for judging star shapes, leading to varied interpretations of their beauty, ugliness, auspiciousness, and inauspiciousness. Some argue that the Five Stars are the standard forms and the Nine Stars are the variations. But they do not realize that the Five Stars are the Five Phases, and the changes of the Five Phases are endless. Zhu Xi said, "The changes of the Five Phases are so numerous that they cannot be fully exhausted." Then how can the Nine Stars possibly encompass all the changes? In fact, all sites that have converged vital energy, although they may be classified as either standard or variant forms, have never deviated from the Five Stars. This shows that the Five Stars are indeed a simple yet comprehensive and unchanging principle. Why then should we be bound by the false distinctions and artificial names created by different schools? Now, following Zhang Zimi's Five Stars and referring to Liao Jinjing's standards, I have established three categories of xue xing: those that are upright are called "zhengti" or "正体," those that are slanted are called "ce nao" or "侧脑," and those lying flat on the ground are called "ping mian" or "平面." Each category is further combined with the four forms of "wo," "qian," "ru," and "tu." In this way, the shapes of the star forms become clear, thus avoiding confusion and confusion, and the simple and practical method is established.

一曰正體。夫所謂正體者，以其星辰頭面端正，而規模尊重也。凡正體穴星，鍾五行之正氣，融星象之正形，故其結作，若星體清秀，龍合上格，主極品之貴。星體龐濁，龍非正格，亦主小貴鉅富。二曰側腦。夫所謂側腦者，以其星辰頭腦偏斜，而形體欹側也。凡側腦穴星，頭顱雖有不同，融結本無異別。但其閃巧奇藏，故必以樂托為準。若星體清秀，龍合上格，主貴，有威權。若星體龐濁，龍無正格，主慳吝、詭詐、殷富。三曰平面。夫所謂平面者，以其星辰倒地，而形體平夷也。凡平面穴星，高低雖有不同，力量本無二致。若星體清秀，龍合上格，主富貴綿延。若星體龐濁，龍格不明，亦主富厚。

The first category is called "Zhengti" or "Correct Form."the so-called Zhengti means that the star body has a proper and upright head and face, with a dignified and solemn appearance. Any star body that conforms to Zhengti gathers the righteous energy of the Five Phases and integrates the correct forms of celestial patterns. Therefore, if the star body is clear and refined and the dragon pulse conforms to the superior pattern, it indicates the emergence of a highly esteemed official of great rank; if the star body is large and turbid and the dragon pulse does not conform to the correct pattern, it indicates minor rank and great wealth. The second category is called "Ce Nao" or "Side Head."the so-called Ce Nao means that the star body has a slanted head, leaning to one side. Any star body that conforms to Ce Nao has different head shapes, but the formation itself is the same; it is clever and peculiar, so it must be judged by the "Le Shan" or "Joy Mountain" behind it as a standard. If the star body is clear and refined and the dragon pulse conforms to the superior pattern, it indicates prominent status and authority; if the star body is large and turbid and the dragon pulse does not conform to the correct pattern, it indicates that descendants are stingy, deceitful, yet wealthy. The third category is called "Ping Mian" or "Flat Surface."the so-called Ping Mian means that the star body lies flat on the ground with a flat shape. Any star body that conforms to Ping Mian may vary in height, but its power is the same. If the star body is clear and refined and the dragon pulse conforms to the superior pattern, it indicates continuous wealth and honor; if the star body is large and turbid and the dragon pattern is unclear, it also indicates a wealthy household.

或問：諸家穴法，莫詳於《洩天機》。其例以九星各九變，曰正體、開口、懸乳、弓腳、雙臂、單股、側腦、沒骨、平面，皆可以下穴。今何止取正體、側腦、平面三者，而稱穴星三大格？又不即以為穴，且去其六格者，不與同列，何也？

Someone asked: There is no other treatise onsite methods more detailed than "Xie Tian Ji". Its system divides the nine stars into nine variations, called 正体 (standard form), 开口 (open mouth), 悬乳 (hanging nipple), 弓脚 (bow foot), 双臂 (two arms), 单股 (single branch), 侧脑 (side brain), 没骨 (no bone), and 平面 (flat surface), all of which can be used for siting asite. Now why do you only select 正体, 侧脑, and 平面, calling them the three major categories of 穴星? Moreover, you do not directly take them as 穴, but instead discard the remaining six categories and do not include them alongside these three. What is the reason for this?

答曰：《洩天機》穴法固極精美。但拘於九變，而穴星與穴形二者混立穴星者，太陽、太陰、金水、天財、紫氣、燥火、掃蕩、孤曜、天罡九星也。穴形者，窩、鉗、乳、突之形也。如曰正體，乃穴星之端正者也。曰側腦，乃穴星之偏側者也沒骨即側腦之變。曰平面，乃穴星之倒於平地者也。茲三者，乃穴之星辰有此三格，而未可便以為穴。必須於此穴星之間，又各有窩、鉗、乳、突之形，方是有穴。若無此形，而遽於正體、側腦、平面之上扦葬，則瀰漫無下手處。惟金星一格，有頑金開窩之法，亦須微有窩坦則可。若渾頑飽面強鑿之，凶禍立至，豈可直以正體、側腦、平面為穴哉！

The methods of the "Xie Tian Ji" are indeed very refined, but they are overly confined to nine variations, mixing the concepts of "xue xing" and "xue xing" into one category. For example, "zhengti" refers to the upright type among the nine stars; "ce niao" refers to the slanted type among the nine stars; "ping mian" refers to the type where the star lies flat on level ground. These three merely describe the forms of the star body, but they cannot be considered as actual sites. It is necessary for these three types of xue xing to each have the shapes of "wo", "qian", "ru", and "tu" in order to be considered a true site. If these shapes are absent, and one proceeds to bury in zhengti, ce niao, or ping mian, it would be chaotic and without direction. Only the "jin xing" has a special method called "wan jin kai wo", but even this requires a slight depression. If it is entirely hard and solid, with a swollen and firm surface, and one excavates it forcefully, misfortune will arrive immediately. How can one directly take zhengti, ce niao, or ping mian as a site?

其曰開口，即窩形之穴；曰懸乳，即乳形之穴；曰弓腳、雙臂、單股，即鉗形之窩。茲五者乃穴形之格，而不可與穴星之格並列者也。若一例立之，則穴形之格混於穴星矣。今故特以正體、側腦、平面三者，列為穴星三大格，而各貫以窩、鉗、乳、突之形，則廖氏之九變，固以包括於其內，而有星無穴之弊，庶幾可免也夫。

As for what it refers to as "opening," this means a pit-shaped depression; "suspended nipple," a nipple-shaped depression; "bow foot," "double arm," and "single branch," all refer to a clamp-shaped depression. These five are the forms of depressions, and they should not be grouped with the forms of the star points; if they are grouped together, the forms of depressions will become confused with the forms of star points. Therefore, I now specifically list the three main categories of star points: the main body, the side brain, and the flat surface. Then, within each of these three categories, I distinguish them further by the forms of depression, such as pit, clamp, nipple, and protrusion. In this way, the nine variations established by Liao Jinjing are already included within these categories, and the problem of "having a star but no depression" can be largely avoided.

金星形圓，有二體：上下俱圓者曰太陽金，上圓帶方者曰太陰金，俱有正體、側腦、平面三格。正體金星，形圓而端正者也，穴結於中；側腦金星，形圓而身側者也，穴結於旁；平面金星，面仰而身圓者也，穴結於頂。木星形直　正體木星，頭圓身聳而端正者是也，穴結於中；側腦木星，頭圓身聳而欹側者是也，穴結於旁；平面木星，面仰而身平長硬者是也，穴結節苞。

The shape of the planet Venus is round, and there are two forms: those that are round at both top and bottom are called "Sun-like Gold," and those that are round at the top but slightly square at the bottom are called "Moon-like Gold." Both types have three categories: upright form, side head form, and flat form. Upright Venus is round and upright, with the hill forming a mound in the center. Side head Venus is round but the hill body leans to one side, with the hill forming a mound on the side. Flat Venus is round and the hill body lies flat and curved, with the hill forming a mound on top. The shape of the planet Jupiter is straight. Upright Jupiter has a round hill top and a tall, upright hill body, with the hill forming a mound in the center. Side head Jupiter has a round hill top and a tall hill body that leans to one side, with the hill forming a mound on the side. Flat Jupiter has a hill top that faces upward and a flat, long, and hard hill body, with the hill forming a mound on the swollen node of the hill.

水星形曲　正體水星，頭圓身曲而端正者是也，穴結於中；側腦水星，頭圓身曲而欹斜者是也，穴結於旁；平面水星，面仰身曲而倒地者是也，穴結於頂。火星形尖，故不結穴。土星形方　正體土星，頭方身平而端正者是也，穴結於中；側腦土星，頭方身平而欹側者是也，穴結於旁；凹腦土星，頭方而中凹身平者是也，穴結凹下；平面土星，面仰而身方倒地者是也，穴結於頂。

The shape of the water star is curved. A proper water star has a round head, a curved and upright body, with the穴 (burial site) located in the center; a lateral water star has a round head, a curved and slanted body, with the穴 located on the side; a flat water star has a head facing upward, a curved and lying body, with the穴 located on top. The shape of the fire star is pointed, so it does not form a穴. The shape of the earth star is square. A proper earth star has a square head, a flat and upright body, with the穴 located in the center; a lateral earth star has a square head, a flat and slanted body, with the穴 located on the side; a concave earth star has a square head with a central depression and a flat body, with the穴 located beneath the depression; a flat earth star has a head facing upward, a square and lying body, with the穴 located on top.

或問：五星皆有生物之理，而火星獨不結穴，何也？曰：火性至燥，金入之而鎔，木入之而焚，水入之而涸，土入之而焦。故火星不能結穴，惟作穴之曜氣，及龍祖、前沙則美。郭氏《葬經》言：“乘金相水，穴土印木。”而不及火。吳草廬、蔡牧堂、洪天與諸公釋之，皆謂火不結穴，故不言火也。然火既為穴曜、龍祖及前沙，固已見生物之妙，又何拘於結穴而始謂之生物哉！

Someone asked: All five stars have the principle of nurturing all things, so why does the star of fire not form a qi convergence? The answer is: The nature of fire is extremely dry. Metal melts when it meets fire, wood burns, water dries up, and earth cracks. Therefore, fire cannot form a convergence. It can only serve as the 'celestial qi' of a convergence, or function as the ancestral mountain of a dragon pulse or the subsidiary mountain before the convergence, which is considered good. Guo Pu's "Zang Jing" says "riding on metal, harmonizing with water, the soil forms a seal, and wood is used as a symbol," but it does not mention fire. Wu Cheng (Cauldron), Cai Fa (Mutan), Hong Tianyu and other scholars explain this sentence, all saying that fire does not form a convergence, hence it is not mentioned. However, since fire can serve as celestial qi, as the ancestral mountain of a dragon pulse, and as a subsidiary mountain before the convergence, it has already shown its principle of nurturing all things. Why must it be able to form a convergence to be considered as nurturing life?

且予兄弟厯觀四方名墓，金、土二穴最多，木次之，水又次之，而火星之穴，未見其一。惟浮梁縣景德鎮陽基是落地火星，入首、落脈，穿田發五枝，為五火落地，而四面皆水。水以濟火，故亦有融結。然其為陶冶之場，數十里間，煙熖燭天，晝夜不息，此固火星之應矣。而人多剛燥，俗尙繁華，易於興替，且不免回祿時發之災。此又火星之病也。

Furthermore, we brothers have surveyed many famous tombs throughout the land, and we have found that the Jinxing (Gold Star) and Tuxing (Earth Star) sites are most common, followed by the Muxing (Wood Star) sites, then the Shuxing (Water Star) sites. As for the Huoxing (Fire Star) sites, we have never seen any. There is, however, a Yangzhi (Yang residence) site in the area of Fuliang County, Jingdezhen, which is described as 'falling fire star': after the initial approach and the main line of the site passes through the fields and branches out into five branches, forming five fire-shaped landforms, while all four sides are surrounded by water. Water comes to regulate the fire, so it can form a complete and harmonious site. However, this area is a place for ceramic kilns and smelting, with smoke and flames rising day and night for dozens of miles around, which is indeed a manifestation of the fire star. Yet the locals tend to be impulsive and hot-tempered, their customs favoring extravagance and display, their families rise and fall quickly, and they often suffer from fires. This is also a drawback brought by the fire star.

夫以火得水濟，其結作且不能全美如此，況純火之穴豈可用乎？或曰：火星至燥而不結穴，已聞命矣。水星至柔，而能結穴，何也？曰：純水亦不能融結，須兼於金，金水相溶，方有結作。故廖氏以金水名之。曰：廖氏既以金水名矣，而今止曰水星穴者，何也？曰：金星已有定穴，此特水星兼金，蓋以水為主，故専名也。或又問曰：廖氏九星之中，有金水，今専以水星名穴，固所以破九星之謬矣。而金星穴中，復以太陽、太陰名之，何也？曰：金星有高低二體，而太陽、太陰各稱其形。且五星七政，理之切寔，非若巨、武、破、廉、天罡、孤曜諸說之不經，能眩惑於人者，從之可也。茲蓋惟理是適，初非有意立異，而故訾九星云耳。

It is evident that even when fire is tempered by water, its formation cannot be so perfect, and how much less so can a pure fire site be used? Someone else asked: "Fire is extremely dry and does not form a site, which I have already experienced; water is extremely soft, yet it can form a site, why is that?" The answer is: pure water cannot form a site either; it must be combined with the metal element. When metal and water merge, they can form a site. Therefore, Liao Jinjing named this type of star "Gold and Water." Another question was raised: "Since Liao's school named it 'Gold and Water,' why do you now call it a water site?" The answer is: the gold star already has its own specific site pattern, and here it is only the water star combined with gold energy, still primarily water, so it is simply called a water site. Another person asked: "Liao's nine stars originally included the name 'Gold and Water,' but now you use the term 'water site' exclusively for this site, which is certainly to correct the errors of the nine stars. However, in the gold site, you use the terms 'Sun' and 'Moon' to name it, why is that?" The answer is: the gold star has two forms, high and low, and "Sun" and "Moon" correspond exactly to their shapes. Moreover, the theory of the five stars and seven luminaries is solid and reliable, unlike the unfounded talk of Guimen, Wujue, Pojun, Lianzhen, Tian Gang, and Guyao, which can mislead people. Therefore, these two names can be continued. Here, we simply follow reason, and there was no intention of deliberately innovating or criticizing the nine stars.

金體必圓。其上下皆圓而身高者，曰太陽金。上圓帶方而身低者，曰太陰金，各有正體、側腦、平面三格。三格又各有窩、鉗、乳、突之形，方為眞結。其有頑金打開水窩裁者，亦必開面，微有窩坦。若是頑硬粗飽，即是生氣不融，不可勉強鐫鑿，以亂下凶惡之地。《洩天機》穴法，諸正體穴正坐此弊，不可悞用，學者審之。

The form of the planet Jin Xing (Gold Star) must necessarily be round. Those that are round on both top and bottom with high mountain bodies are called "Tai Yang Jin" (Solar Gold); those that are round on top but slightly square with low mountain bodies are called "Tai Yin Jin" (Lunar Gold). Both types have three categories: the main body, the side parts, and the flat surfaces. In addition to these three categories, each must also have the forms of a hollow, a clamp, a nipple, and a protrusion to be considered a true formation. Among them, there are cases where a water hollow is opened on a hard Jin Xing to determine the burial site, but this is only possible if the star has already "opened its face" and slightly shows a hollow or flat area. If the entire body is hard and coarse with a swollen, flat surface, then the life qi has not condensed, and it is not advisable to forcibly excavate, as this would lead to an improper burial in avicious (evil) location. The "Zheng Ti Xue" (Correct Form Burial) methods in "Xie Tian Ji" (Revealing the Heavenly Mechanism) all commit this error and should not be misused. Scholars should be cautious.

類別　窩穴　鉗穴　乳穴　突穴　太陽金　太陰金　上正體金星穴，各有坐、眠、立三勢，大小、高低、肥瘦六格，俯仰二體，及窩穴有深、淺、闊、狹，鉗穴有長短、雙單、曲直，乳穴有大小、長短，突穴有大小、雙三等格。其乳、突二穴之下，又有出金、出木、出水、出火、出土各五格。而窩、鉗二穴之左右兩臂，又有轉金、轉木、轉水、轉火、轉土，及一腳轉金，一腳轉水、木、火、土者；一腳轉水，一腳轉金、木、火、土者；一腳轉木，一腳轉金、水、火、土者；一腳轉火，一腳轉金、木、水、土者；一腳轉土，一腳轉金、木、水、火者。各二十體，為變格也。諸體又各有帶曜者，圖繁，俱不詳載。以下側腦、平面穴格皆仿此論，不復重述。

The original text here is a chart with horizontal headings of "category,窝穴,钳穴,乳穴,突穴" and vertical headings of "Taiyang Jin" and "Taiyin Jin." The diagrams in each cell are now lost, only the headings remain. The explanation following the chart states that all the types of Jin starsite have three postures: sitting, lying, and standing, and six categories: large and small, high and low, fat and thin. There are also two body types: looking down and looking up. Among these,窝穴 is further divided into deep, shallow, wide, and narrow;钳穴 into long and short, single and double, curved and straight;乳穴 into large and small, long and short; and突穴 into large and small, single, double, and triple. The lower ends of乳穴 and突穴 are further divided into five categories: producing Jin, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. The left and right arms of窝穴 and钳穴 are also divided into two feet turning Jin, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth respectively, as well as one foot turning Jin while the other turns Water, Wood, Fire, and Earth; one foot turning Water while the other turns Jin, Wood, Fire, and Earth; one foot turning Wood while the other turns Jin, Water, Fire, and Earth; one foot turning Fire while the other turns Jin, Wood, Water, and Earth; and one foot turning Earth while the other turns Jin, Wood, Water, and Fire. Each of these has twenty variations, all considered variant forms. All these forms also have the possibility of being accompanied by "Yao Qi," but because the diagrams are too complex, they are not detailed here. The following sections on side brain and flat plane types are similarly explained without repetition.

夫正體金星之穴，星辰尊重，造化完全，故為最貴。但窩穴要窩中圓凈，弦稜明白。鉗穴要鉗中藏聚，凹間彎環。乳穴要圈中舒暢，乳上光圓。突穴要突面光圓，形體穎異，此為穴形入相。又須證佐明白，流神合法，方為眞結。必須仔細檢點，不可忽也。

The true form of the golden star site is noble and dignified, with complete and harmonious creation, thus being the most esteemed. However, one must also examine the shape of the site: for a bowl-shaped site, the interior should be round, clean, and with distinct edges; for a clamp-shaped site, the center should be able to hold energy, with the concave part curving and embracing; for a breast-shaped site, the area enclosed by the two arms should be open and smooth, and the breast should be smooth and round; for a protruding site, the surface should be smooth and round, and the form should be outstanding and unique. Only then can the site shape conform to the principles of physiognomy. In addition, various supporting evidence must be clear, and the water flow must be in accordance with the rules, before it can be considered a true formation. One must be careful and meticulous, and must not neglect any details.

類別　窩穴　鉗穴　乳穴　突穴　太陽金　太陰金　上為側腦金星穴諸格，左右圖同，不必重載。又有雙側腦者，見下：雙側腦擔凹穴　雙側腦扳鞍穴　頭高頭低而中凹結穴者曰扳鞍穴。雙腦同高而中凹結穴者，曰擔凹穴。　凹間彎者曰雙金扛水，平者曰雙金扛土，各有窩、鉗、乳、突四格，圖繁不載。

The original text here presents another chart with horizontal categories labeled "category,窝穴, 钳穴, 乳穴, 突穴" and vertical categories labeled "太阳金" and "太阴金". The diagram is now lost. The explanation following the chart states that the above are various types ofsite for the lateral brain gold star; the patterns on the left and right are the same, so they are not repeated. There are also types called "double lateral brain", which are shown in the two following diagrams titled "double lateral brain担凹穴" and "double lateral brain扳鞍穴", but the diagrams are also lost, only the annotations remain. The annotations explain that when the two star peaks are of different heights and the穴 is formed in the middle depression, it is called "扳鞍穴"; when the two star peaks are of the same height and the穴 is formed in the middle depression, it is called "担凹穴". It also mentions that if the depression is curved, it is called "双金扛水"; if the depression is flat, it is called "双金扛土". Each of these has four types:窝穴, 钳穴, 乳穴, and 突穴. Because the diagrams are too numerous, they are not included here.

夫側腦金星之穴，星體偏斜，勢趍一畔，穴不枕腦，借樂安扦乳、突二穴，無樂亦可。形體雖偏，力量無異。但窩穴要窩中圓浄，弦稜分明。鉗穴要鉗中藏聚，兩掬彎環。乳穴要乳上光圓，圈中舒暢。突穴要突面光圓，形體穎異，此為穴形入相。又須證佐分明，流神合法，方為眞結。必須仔細檢點，不可忽也。

The site of the brain-like star is inclined, with the energy flowing towards one side. The site cannot be placed directly on top of the star, but must rely on the "Le Mountain" behind it for support in burial (note: this applies to both the breast-shaped and protruding sites, and even without Le Mountain). Although the form is inclined, its strength remains the same. However, we still need to examine the site shape: a hollow site should have a round, clean interior and distinct edges; a clasp site should have a hidden energy within the center, with both arms curving around it; a breast-shaped site should have a smooth, round top and a spacious, open area within the circle; a protruding site should have a smooth, round surface and an outstanding form. Only then can the site shape be considered in accordance with the principles of geomancy. In addition, there must be clear evidence and the water flow should be in accordance with the rules, only then can it be considered a true formation. It is necessary to examine carefully and not to neglect anything.

類別　窩穴　鉗穴　乳穴　突穴　太陽金　太陰金　夫平面金星之穴，或出高山，或出平地，而平地為多，至難辨認。蓋高山有似龍格，平地有似羅星。但龍格未住，羅星孤寒，此為異耳。平地高山，各有四格，窩、鉗、乳、突是也。但窩穴要窩內圓浄，弦稜明白，穴宜揭高就脈。鉗穴要鉗中藏聚，兩畔均勻，穴宜湊球避簷。乳穴要乳上光圓，左右曲抱，穴宜蘸球就脈。突穴要突面光圓，形體穎異，穴宜當突就脈。廖氏云：“凡平面星辰，靈光自出於頂中，生氣聚浮於面上。”故此穴最吉，力量極大，必須龍脈眞奇，證佐分曉，流神合法，方為眞穴。務宜仔細檢點，不可忽也。

The original text describes a chart with horizontal categories labeled "category,窝穴, 钳穴, 乳穴, 突穴" and vertical categories labeled "太阳金" and "太阴金," though the diagram is now lost. The text explains that flat gold stars (金星) can appear in high mountains or flat land, with the majority occurring on flat land, making them difficult to identify. On high mountains, they resemble the form of a dragon's movement, while on flat land, they resemble the "Luo Star" at a water mouth. The difference lies in that the dragon's movement has not yet stopped, while the Luo Star is isolated and thin, differing from a true site. Whether on high ground or flat land, there are four types of sites:窝穴, 钳穴, 乳穴, and 突穴.窝穴 should have a round and clean interior with distinct edges, and the site should be slightly raised to receive the incoming energy.钳穴 should have a hidden energy within the center, with even sides, and the site should be close to the upper "ball" and avoid the lower "eave."乳穴 should have a smooth and round top with curved sides embracing it, and the site should be close to the ball to receive the incoming energy.突穴 should have a smooth and round surface, with an outstanding form, and the site should face directly toward the center of the protrusion to receive the incoming energy. Liao Jinjing said, "All flat stars have their spiritual light emerging from the top, and the life energy gathers on the surface." Therefore, this type of site is most auspicious and has great power. However, it must be supported by a true and extraordinary dragon line, clear evidence, and proper water flow, to be considered a true site. It is essential to examine carefully and not to neglect.

已上金星諸穴，坐向得申、庚、酉、辛、幹、坤、艮，皆為得地，氣旺形應。安扦合法，主生人相貎潔白，心性明達。庚、申、辛、酉金水生人受蔭，已、酉、丑年福應。若星辰清秀，龍合上格者，主翰苑清貴，位極人臣。合中格者，主職兼文武，出典大藩。合下格者，貴為牧守。全無貴格，亦主聰明才辯之士，名譽遠揚。若星體龐濁，則主武貴，及鉅富豪爽，武霸鄉曲，剛直果斷，人咸畏服。及清高之士，自重自尊，不於寵榮，高尙其志。初生肥白聲朗之人，氣至而盛。至生瘖啞之人，則氣盡而衰矣。

All the various sites associated with the planet Venus, if oriented towards the directions of Shen, Geng, You, Xin, Qian, Kun, and Gen, are considered to be "getting the right place," with strong earth energy and harmonious form. If burial is conducted properly, it will result in descendants who have fair complexions and intelligent, enlightened minds. Those born in the years of Si, You, and Chou, who belong to the metal and water elements, will benefit from this. If the star body is clear and refined, and the dragon pulse matches the top grade, it will lead to becoming a distinguished official in the Hanlin Academy, a person of noble status, reaching the highest position in the government. If it matches the middle grade, it will result in holding both military and civil positions, serving as a governor of a major region. If it matches the lower grade, it will still result in becoming a local official. Even if there is no noble grade, it will produce intelligent and eloquent individuals whose fame spreads far and wide. If the star body is large and turbid, it will lead to military prestige or great wealth and generosity, dominating the local area with force, being decisive and straightforward, and being feared by all. It will also produce noble individuals who value themselves highly, do not seek fame and fortune, and have lofty aspirations. When a person is born with a plump body, fair skin, and a loud voice, it indicates that the earth energy has arrived and the family is prosperous. However, when a person is born with a hoarse voice, it signifies that the earth energy has exhausted and the family is about to decline.

木體必直，其未必圓。凡穴星上尖而圓，身直而聳者是也。端正者曰正體，欹側者曰側腦，倒地者曰平面。各有窩、鉗、乳、突之形，方為眞結。正體木星穴格　窩穴　鉗穴　乳穴　突穴　上正體木星穴諸格，各有坐、眠、立三勢，大小、高低、肥瘦六格，俯仰二體，及窩穴有深、淺、闊、狹，鉗穴有長短、雙單、曲直，乳穴有大小、長短，突穴有大小、雙三等格。其乳、突二穴之下，又有出金、出木、出水、出火、出土各五格。而窩、鉗二穴之左右兩臂，又有轉金、轉木、轉水、轉火、轉土，及一腳轉金，一腳轉水、木、火、土者；一腳轉水，一腳轉金、木、火、土者；一腳轉木，一腳轉金、水、火、土者；一腳轉火，一腳轉金、木、水、土者；一腳轉土，一腳轉金、木、水、火者。各二十體，為變格也。諸體又各有帶曜者，圖繁，俱不詳載。以下側腦、平面穴格皆仿此論，不復重述。

The form of Jupiter must be straight, with its end slightly rounded. Any hill that has a slightly pointed and rounded top and a straight, tall body is called Jupiter. The upright form is called "Zhengti" (correct form), the slanted one is called "Ce Nao" (side head), and the one lying flat on the ground is called "Ping Mian" (flat surface). Each category must have the forms of Wo (recess), Qian (claw), Ru (nipple), and Tu (projection) to be considered a true hill. The next section is titled "Zhengti Jupiter Hill Form," originally accompanied by a chart. The horizontal headings were "Wo Hill, Qian Hill, Ru Hill, Tu Hill," but the illustration is now lost. The explanation after the chart states: All the various forms of Jupiter hills mentioned above have three postures: sitting, lying, and standing. They also have six categories: large, small, high, low, fat, and thin. There are two body types: looking up and looking down. Among these, the Wo hill is divided into deep, shallow, wide, and narrow; the Qian hill is divided into long and short, single and double, curved and straight; the Ru hill is divided into large and small, long and short; the Tu hill is divided into large and small, single, double, and triple projections. The lower ends of the Ru and Tu hills also have five categories: producing metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The left and right arms of the Wo and Qian hills have distinctions in their two feet: both feet turning metal, both feet turning wood, both feet turning water, both feet turning fire, both feet turning earth; one foot turning metal while the other foot turns water, wood, fire, or earth; one foot turning water while the other foot turns metal, wood, fire, or earth; one foot turning wood while the other foot turns metal, water, fire, or earth; one foot turning fire while the other foot turns metal, wood, water, or earth; one foot turning earth while the other foot turns metal, wood, water, or fire. Each of these has twenty forms, all considered variations. Each form also has the possibility of being accompanied by "Ya Qi" (celestial influence), but due to the complexity of the chart, these are not detailed here. The sections on "Ce Nao" and "Ping Mian" hills follow the same pattern and are not repeated.

夫正體木星之穴，星辰尊重，造化完全，故為最貴。但窩穴要窩中圓凈，弦稜明白。鉗穴要鉗中藏聚，兩掬彎環。乳穴要圈中舒暢，乳上光圓。突穴要突面光圓，形體穎異。此為穴形入相。又須證佐明白，流神合法，方為眞結。必須仔細檢點，不可忽也。

The true form of the wooden star's site is noble and dignified, with complete and harmonious creation, thus being the most esteemed. However, one must also examine the shape of the site: a窝穴 (womb-shaped site) should have a round, clean, and well-defined interior with clear edges; a钳穴 (claw-shaped site) should have a hidden qi within the center, with both arms bending and embracing on either side; a乳穴 (milk-shaped site) should have a spacious and smooth area enclosed by the two arms, with a smooth and round top; a突穴 (prominent site) should have a smooth and round surface, and a distinctive and extraordinary form. Only then can the site shape be considered in accordance with the principles of physiognomy. In addition, it is necessary to confirm clearly that the water flow is in accordance with the rules, before it can be considered a true site. One must be careful and meticulous in checking, and must not overlook any details.