Volume Five, Part Two: Diagrams of Various Sands (Continued)

下格賤砂離鄉砂者，順水飛走，無復關闌也。凡上下臂交過者，須要外一重有下手迴轉攔住方好。若外重無承托，只是過身，乃離鄉之應也。不過身而飛揚趨出者亦是。又有一等龍穴，朝應皆貴，而有離鄉之證者，此不足畏。蓋仕宦本離鄉而貴顯者，又多寄居他所。楊公云“官不離鄉任何所？”是也。亦須認龍穴端的，而後可用。上格龍主離鄉貴顯，立功異域。中格龍主離鄉發達。賤龍主遭配流移。

The "Lixiang sha" (sand that causes departure from home) refers to sand that follows the water flow and disappears without being blocked by any cross sand ahead. Whenever the arms of the site meet, there must be another layer of sand outside to turn back and block it, which is considered good. If there is no such supporting sand outside, and the sand merely passes by the tomb site without stopping, it indicates the shape of "Lixiang" (departure from home). If the sand does not pass over the tomb site but flies directly away, it is also considered "Lixiang sha." Another type of dragon and tomb site has noble facing mountains and valuable responding sand, but still shows signs of "Lixiang." This is not something to fear, because officials usually need to leave their hometown to achieve success, and often reside elsewhere. Yang Yunsong said, "Officials do not leave their hometown, but achieve success elsewhere," referring exactly to this situation. However, one must first accurately identify the dragon and the tomb site before using it. For high-grade dragons buried with this type of sand, it indicates wealth and prominence achieved through leaving the hometown and establishing achievements abroad; for medium-grade dragons, it indicates success after leaving the hometown; and for low-grade dragons, it indicates exile, forced labor, and constant migration. This book originally had illustrations for each sand grade, but the images are now lost, leaving only the titles and the interpretations.

上格貴砂筆架者，或三峰，或五峰，有似於筆架之狀，雖高低不同，亦宜中高旁低。若當高反低，當低反高，則吉中有咎也。上格龍主父子兄弟叔侄同科同朝。中格龍主三世五世俱有文名之士。賤龍主僧道法師有聲名。中格貴砂琉璃簾者，平岡下高田層疊磊落，水光橫列，如琉璃之狀。要如疊浪層均正，無尖破之形，方為合格。上格龍主出皇后、貴妃、國戚。中格龍主侍從之臣鉅富。賤龍主神廟。

In the upper grade noble terrain, the "pen rest" refers to three or five peaks arranged in a shape resembling a pen rest. Although the peaks may vary in height, they should be highest in the middle and lower on both sides. If the high peaks are low and the low ones are high, then it is considered auspicious but with some faults. When paired with an upper grade dragon, it signifies that father, son, brothers, and cousins will all pass the imperial exams and hold official positions in the same court. A middle grade dragon indicates that three or five generations will produce scholars known for their literary achievements. A low grade dragon suggests the emergence of famous monks, Taoist priests, or magicians. In the middle grade noble terrain, the "crystal curtain" refers to terraces on a flat hillside, arranged in layers that are distinct and staggered, with water reflecting like crystal. It should resemble overlapping waves, evenly and neatly arranged, without sharp or broken shapes, to be considered qualified. An upper grade dragon signifies the birth of a queen, a favored concubine, or royal relatives. A middle grade dragon indicates the emergence of attendants and close court officials who are wealthy. A low grade dragon is only suitable for temples.

中格貴砂珍珠簾者，大山開帳，中間瀑泉為石所攔，滴滴如珠而下，故曰珍珠簾。龍賤為孝簾。上格龍主出妃嬪公主。中格龍主神佛香火顯靈。賤龍主多喪亡，長有孝服。上格貴砂狀元旗者，木星排列而身似水體，至山足，又開面出蛾眉文星，所以為貴也。要頭頂秀麗，有文筆、臺蓋相應者，方為合格。上格龍主大魁天下。中格龍主魁解出身，官居外閫，及女柄男權。賤龍主文名遠播而無寔。

In the "Zhong Ge Gui Sha" (Middle Grade Noble Terrain), the "Zhen Zhu Lian" (Pearl Curtain) refers to a large mountain that spreads open like a tent, with a waterfall inside the tent blocked by rocks, causing water to drip down like pearls, hence the name Pearl Curtain. If the coming dragon (mountain ridge) is of low quality, the same shape is called "Xiao Lian" (Filial Curtain). The superior grade dragon signifies the emergence of princesses and princesses; the middle grade dragon indicates the efficacy of deities and temples; while the inferior grade dragon signifies frequent deaths in the family and constant mourning. In the superior grade noble terrain, the "Zhuang Yuan Qi" (Cudgel of the Top Scholar) refers to several "Mu Xing" (Jupiter) peaks arranged in a line, with the mountain body having the form of "Shui Xing" (Saturn) waves and curves. At the foot of the mountain, it opens up and protrudes the "E Mei Wen Xing" (Eyes of the Literati Star), thus being esteemed. The peak should be elegant, with the "Wen Bi Feng" (Literary Pen Peak) and "Tai Gai Sha" (Platform Cover Terrain) to complement it, which is considered qualified. The superior grade dragon signifies achieving the top scholar and leading the country; the middle grade dragon signifies becoming a top scholar in the province and leading an army abroad, also indicating that a woman may control a man; while the inferior grade dragon signifies a far-reaching literary reputation without actual official rank.

中格貴砂招軍旗者，旗形高大，而眾腳飛揚，而有一帶纏繞，勢如招動者為合格。要甲馬頓起，有鼓相應者為眞。上格龍主義兵為開國之勳，世享爵祿。中格龍主義勇保障。賤龍主草寇、神廟、軍卒。中格貴砂得勝旗者，旗形攸揚卓立，大勢向內逆水，身頭似文旗，而山腳舒展，星峰光彩，所以為吉。上格龍主輔國元勳，銘功鼎彝，世襲承寵。中格龍主職掌元戎，武功受寵。賤龍主軍伍得功。

In the middle grade of valuable terrain features called "Zhaojun Qi" (Recruiting Army Flag), the flag shape is tall and grand, with many mountain feet spreading outward. There is also a ribbon-like terrain winding around it, giving an appearance of a flag fluttering and waving, which is considered proper. It should also have "Jia Ma" (Jia Horse) terrain suddenly rising up, and a mountain shaped like a drum to correspond with it, which is truly valuable. The top grade dragon terrain produces generals who lead rebellious armies and become founding heroes, with their descendants enjoying titles and salaries for generations. The middle grade dragon terrain produces heroes who protect a region with righteousness and bravery. The low grade dragon terrain produces only bandits, temple attendants, and soldiers. In the middle grade of valuable terrain features called "De sheng qi" (Victorious Flag), the flag shape is high and upright, with a trend facing inward against the water flow. The body and head of the flag resemble a banner, with mountain feet spreading out and stars and peaks shining brightly, thus being auspicious. The top grade dragon terrain produces meritorious ministers who assist the country, with their achievements engraved on bronze vessels, and inherit the favor of the court. The middle grade dragon terrain produces generals in charge of military commands, receiving favor due to their military achievements. The low grade dragon terrain produces people who gain a little merit within the ranks of soldiers.

中格貴砂戰旗者，卓立峻直，而有威武之象。此格如三品字者，若有鼓角相應，尤為顯貴。上格龍主出將入相，節制諸軍。中格龍主小官統領兵卒。賤龍主為卒上陣爭戰。上格貴砂令旗乃兩旗相向，而中開旁高者是也。要兩旗高低、大小相稱，足雖兩門飛揚，而身則聳立尊嚴，方為合格。此砂有兩等，一等正當穴前，一等兩峙水口，為門旗。此主大貴。上格龍主五府，出鎮撫諸將，節制數省。中格龍主兄弟統領兵卒。賤龍主橫逆大盜。

In the middle grade of noble terrain, the "War Flag" refers to a mountain that stands upright and steep, exuding a majestic and imposing appearance. If three such mountains are arranged in a character "品" shape, and are further supported by hills shaped like drums and horns, their nobility becomes even more evident. The top grade dragon terrain produces generals and ministers who command armies across the country; the middle grade dragon terrain produces minor military officers who lead troops; while the low grade dragon terrain only produces soldiers who fight in battle. In the top grade noble terrain, the "Command Flag" refers to two flags facing each other, with the middle part spread open and the sides raised high. The two flags must be of similar height and size. Although the mountain base spreads out to both sides like two doors, the flag body must stand tall and solemn, which is considered qualified. This type of terrain has two levels: one is directly in front of the site, and the other is standing on both sides of the water mouth, called "Door Flags," both of which indicate great fortune. The top grade dragon terrain produces officials who hold positions in the five military offices, governing a region and commanding various generals, with authority over several provinces; the middle grade dragon terrain produces brothers who lead troops; while the low grade dragon terrain produces notorious bandits who act unlawfully.

下格賤砂賊旗者，尖射破碎，欹斜醜惡，又有黑石巉巖，皆非吉格，故主凶。若出於水口，而穴間不見者，亦作吉斷。上格龍主大將專征伐，不忠赤族。中格龍主常遭賊凶劫殺。賤龍主兇賊劫掠之人。下格賤砂降旗者，榻地破碎而飛走，焰動順水也。頭身大勢向內，而旗腳向外者，為敗旗。頭身向外者，為降旗。上格龍主出入領兵，戰敗而降於敵人。中格龍主為大盜，終以降滅。賤龍主為盜寇，絕嗣滅族。

The "thief's flag" in the lower grade of inferior terrain is characterized by sharp and broken forms resembling arrows, crooked and ugly, mixed with black rugged rocks. These are not auspicious formations and indicate misfortune. However, if it appears at the water mouth and is not visible from the site of the grave, it can be considered auspicious. The superior grade dragon signifies a great general who specializes in military campaigns but suffers destruction due to disloyalty. The middle grade dragon often faces attacks by thieves and violent criminals. The inferior dragon leads people who commit robbery and violence. The "surrender flag" in the lower grade of inferior terrain is characterized by a collapsed and broken terrain that disperses, resembling flames moving with the water. When the head and body of the formation face inward while the flag's tail faces outward, it is called the "defeated flag." Only when both the head and body face outward is it called the "surrender flag." The superior grade dragon signifies commanding troops in entry and exit but eventually surrendering to the enemy. The middle grade dragon becomes a major thief and ultimately perishes due to surrender. The inferior dragon engages in banditry, leading to the extinction of descendants and the complete destruction of the clan.

下格賤砂敗旗亦榻地破碎，而不順水，差勝於降旗。蓋勝負兵家之常，降則辱國辱身，無復可為矣。此敗旗所以逆水也。上格龍大將征伐而敗。中格龍主將校萎靡不振。賤龍主寇盜誅夷。中格貴砂頓旗者，乃火星高聳而飛揚，故曰頓旗。須要山峰雄偉，氣勢軒昂，腳雖飛揚而不反亂者，方為合格。上格龍主出大將軍，及文臣專征伐。中格龍搃制三邊，軍功掀揭。賤龍主死軍卒兵敗。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain, the 'Failed Banner' (败旗) also refers to a collapsed and broken terrain form, but it does not flow with the water, making it slightly better than the 'Surrender Banner' (降旗). Victory and defeat are common in warfare, but surrender is a disgrace to the country and the self, leaving no further course of action. Therefore, the 'Failed Banner' takes the reverse flow of water, while the 'Surrender Banner' follows the water's direction. The top-grade dragon form indicates a great general who suffers defeat in battle; the middle-grade dragon form indicates generals who are lethargic and ineffective; the inferior dragon form indicates bandits who are executed. In the middle-grade noble terrain, the 'Steady Banner' (顿旗) refers to a peak resembling the 'Fire Star' (火星) that is tall and spreads outward, hence called the 'Steady Banner'. It must have a majestic mountain peak with a grand and vigorous atmosphere, and although the foot of the mountain may spread out, it should not be scattered or chaotic. The top-grade dragon form indicates the emergence of a grand general and also signifies a scholar-official who specializes in military campaigns; the middle-grade dragon form indicates overall control of military affairs on three fronts with remarkable military achievements; the inferior dragon form indicates defeat and death in military service.

中格貴砂頓鼓者，聳體金星，高大雄猛，有若頓鼓之狀。不宜破碎，要圓淨端正，方為合格。上格龍主出將軍及藩臣使節。中格龍主富而好音樂。賤龍主神廟靈蹟樂鼓之人。中格貴砂堆甲者，小山及平崗層疊重出，如堆甲之狀。要旗鼓二山相應，方為合格。若出自御屏、三臺之下，當作牙笏。上格龍主兵權武貴，汗馬功勞。中格龍主軍官威武，家積金玉。賤龍主疾病、爭兢、惡死。

In the middle grade of valuable terrain called "Zun Gu" (Dun Gu), the "Dun Gu" refers to a tall and mighty mountain shaped like a golden star, standing upright, resembling a large drum placed on the ground. It must not be broken, but rather round, clean, and properly shaped to be considered qualified. The top grade dragon terrain produces generals and officials who serve as external commanders and envoys; the middle grade produces wealthy families who enjoy music; and the low grade produces people who serve as musicians and drummers in temples and sacred sites. In the middle grade of valuable terrain called "Dui Jia," the "Dui Jia" refers to small hills or flat ridges that appear in layers, resembling armor piled together. It must be accompanied by a flag-shaped mountain and a drum-shaped mountain to be considered qualified. If it appears beneath "Yu Ping" or "San Tai," it should be renamed "Ya Hu." The top grade dragon terrain produces generals who command armies and achieve high status through military merit, establishing great achievements; the middle grade produces military officers who are strong and wealthy, accumulating gold and jade in their homes; and the low grade produces illness, disputes, and sudden death.

下格賤砂缽盂者，圓山多寡不一，有似於缽盂也。若出臺蓋之下，又當呼作盆盌之類，亦看後龍何如。或只一山圓而帶腳，亦是缽盂。上格龍主名僧及寺觀鉅富。中格龍主僧人小富。賤龍主出遊僧沿門化食。中格貴砂捷報者，秀峰疊起奔來，如出征奏捷，露布馳報之狀，故曰報捷。要山形光彩，來勢向穴。上格龍主登科及第。中格龍主巡司馹丞，承差之人。賤龍主出為人報捷及鋪兵。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain, the term 「bōyú」 refers to a small round hill, whose number varies, and its shape resembles the bowl used by monks. If it appears beneath 「tái」 or 「gài」, it may also be called a basin or a bowl, and the specific form should be determined by the subsequent terrain. Sometimes a single round hill with a foot or base is also considered 「bōyú」. The superior grade dragon terrain indicates the emergence of famous monks and wealthy temples and monasteries; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates monks with some wealth; and the inferior dragon terrain indicates wandering monks who beg for alms door to door. In the middle grade of superior terrain, the term 「jiébào」 refers to beautiful and graceful peaks rising in succession, like a victorious army rushing forward to deliver news of success, hence the name 「jiébào」. The mountain shape should be bright and vivid, and the terrain should approach the spirit site. The superior grade dragon terrain indicates success in imperial examinations; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates holding minor official posts such as the patrol inspector or the postmaster, and those who run errands; and the inferior grade dragon terrain indicates messengers who deliver news and soldiers in relay stations.

中格貴砂點兵者，皆亂石在平田或平野，而大小不一，或如豬羊牛馬，或如鴉鳥，或如人立。主大將建立功名之象。黑石無害也。上格龍主大將立功名，當身榮顯。中格龍主富而抱他人之子為己子。賤龍主惡疾患眼，病苦。中格貴砂屯軍者，小埠或土或石，雜立於外，平野與諸大山相間錯雜，有若屯軍之狀。上格龍主大將節制諸路，生殺自由。中龍格主武官。賤龍主淫亂混濁。

In the "pointing soldiers" pattern of the valuable terrain, there are scattered stones of various sizes on flat fields or plains, some resembling pigs, sheep, cattle, horses, others like crows or flying birds, and some like people standing upright. This pattern signifies the grand general inspecting his troops and establishing achievements. This pattern is acceptable even if the stones are black. The superior terrain of the dragon signifies that the general establishes achievements and himself becomes prominent; the middle terrain of the dragon signifies that the family is wealthy and adopts another son as their own; the inferior dragon signifies suffering from serious illness, eye disease, and lifelong suffering. In the "military encampment" pattern of the middle terrain, there are small hills or mounds, made of earth or stone, scattered around, intermingling with numerous large mountains on the plain, resembling military camps. The superior terrain of the dragon signifies that the general commands all armies, with authority over life and death; the middle terrain of the dragon signifies that a military officer is born; the inferior dragon signifies that the family's customs are immoral and chaotic.

下格賤砂降節者，本佛家神仙之具，其形有似於梳，切忌作正案。凡陽宅與陰地有此者，多為不吉。上格龍主異姓同居，淫亂不潔。中格龍主僧道有聲名。賤龍主神廟香火。上格貴砂踏節者，尖秀木星五峰以上，即為踏節。要均勻，大小疏密相等為合格。忌破碎、浪痕、折皺。上格龍主監司藩鎮，受節銊，兄弟齊名。中格龍主出使外國，及兄弟同貴。賤龍主承差仝雜職。

In the lower grade of inferior sand formations, the term 「降节」 refers to an object used by Buddhist monks and immortals, shaped like a comb. It is particularly inauspicious if it faces directly in front of the site. If it appears in either a residential dwelling or a burial ground, it is mostly considered unfavorable. The superior grade of dragon formations indicates cohabitation with a person of a different surname, leading to a disorderly and unclean family atmosphere. The middle grade of dragon formations indicates monks and Taoist priests who gain fame. The inferior dragon formations are only suitable for temple incense offerings. In the superior grade of noble sand formations, 「踏节」 refers to a sharp and elegant 「wood star」 peak appearing in five or more peaks, which is called 「踏节」. The peaks should be evenly distributed, with uniform size and spacing, to be considered qualified. It is forbidden for the peaks to be broken, have wave-like erosion marks, or be wrinkled. The superior grade of dragon formations indicates holding high-ranking official positions such as inspector or military governor, receiving imperial credentials and military authority, with brothers achieving equal fame. The middle grade of dragon formations indicates serving as an envoy to foreign countries, with brothers attaining high status together. The inferior dragon formations indicate serving as a messenger or holding various miscellaneous positions.

上格貴砂旌節者，與踏節不同。星峰橫列，缺少一邊，謂之旌節。要清秀光彩，忌浪痕崩破。上格龍主出鎮大藩，祖孫同朝。中格龍主兄弟俱有文名，而無顯貴。賤龍主出人有才能。中格貴砂獨節者，平時會藩儀從，有獨節杖是也。其形如杖，上踏鐵環，從卒以手持之，獨環便有踏響之聲，以警行者。上格龍主立大藩，權制一路。中龍格主將兵異域。賤龍主軍卒。

In the upper grade noble terrain called "Jingjie," it differs from "Taje" in that the star peaks are arranged in a row but are missing on one side, which is called "Jingjie." It requires clarity, elegance, and brightness, and it is forbidden to have wave-like marks or broken and damaged appearances. The upper grade dragon terrain indicates a person who becomes a governor of a large region, with ancestors and descendants serving in the court together; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates brothers who all have literary fame but do not hold prominent official positions; and the inferior dragon terrain indicates the emergence of talented individuals. In the middle grade noble terrain called "Dujie," it is modeled after the single staff held by attendants during the gatherings of provincial officials, where the staff has an iron ring on top, held by the attendant, and with just one movement of the ring, it produces a sound to warn people. The upper grade dragon terrain indicates establishing a major regional government and holding power over a large area; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates leading troops in a distant region; and the inferior dragon terrain indicates only the emergence of soldiers.

中格富砂裀褥二格者，同是平面土星，其形乃平鋪於下，如鋪氈展席。但二者形體亦各不同。裀平而方，褥平而長，冢前多有之，最難察識。看山不如按圖。按圖而視之，方圓長短燦然可見；登山而望之，則衣襭滿目，東西迷向，而胸中之方圓規矩、曲直準繩已冥然而無據矣。此非可以紙上語者也。上格龍主貴近天顏。中格龍主富而多子。賤龍主僧道多徒，亦主多疾。

The two categories, "Yin" and "Ru", within the "Zhufa" (Rich Sand) are both flat "Saturn" forms, lying flat beneath the tomb, like a spread-out carpet or a laid-out mat. However, their shapes differ: "Yin" is flat and square, while "Ru" is flat and elongated. These kinds of sands are often found in front of tombs, yet they are the most difficult to distinguish. Observing the mountains is less effective than looking at a diagram: when looking at a diagram, one can clearly see the square, round, long, and short forms; but when actually climbing the mountains, one is surrounded by undulating folds resembling clothes, losing even the sense of east and west. The original rules of square and round, straight and curved, become completely uncertain. The subtle distinction between these forms cannot be fully explained by a few words on paper. The superior category of dragon (mountain) brings about noble status and proximity to the Son of Heaven; the middle category brings about wealth and numerous descendants; while the inferior category leads to many followers in the Buddhist and Taoist monasteries, as well as frequent illness.

中格富砂曬袍、堆袍二者不同，一山展揚，稍有飛動皺摺者為曬袍，重重疊疊，皺摺不一者為堆袍。皆欲其有情而向穴。若反朝向外，加以尖利，則為不吉。以袍領向穴，體勢皆順，故主貴。袍，章服也，為身之飾，而又耀之以日光，故主文章，又以為面君之物，故主貴。上格龍主世代有貴而不大顯。中格龍主為官多是非，黜罷不得超達。賤龍主殺傷破敗，投降外國之應。

In the context of "Zhong Ge Fu Sha" (Middle Grade Wealth Sand), the terms "Shai Pao" (Sun-dried Robe) and "Dui Pao" (Stacked Robe) are different. A mountain that spreads out and rises with slight folds, resembling waves, is called "Shai Pao"; whereas a mountain with layered folds of varying heights is called "Dui Pao." Both require the form to be affectionately facing the qi gathering place (xue chang). If they face outward instead, especially if their shape is sharp, it is not auspicious. When the robe's collar faces the xue chang and the overall form is harmonious, it indicates nobility. A robe is an imperial garment, used as decoration on the body. "Shai Pao," which reflects sunlight, signifies literary achievement; also, since it is worn when appearing before the emperor, it signifies nobility. Upper-grade dragons bring generations of official titles, though not very prominent; middle-grade dragons lead to frequent troubles in official positions, resulting in dismissal and failure to achieve prominence; inferior dragons result in injuries, destruction, or even surrendering to foreign countries.

上格貴砂幞頭者，開肩土星，中高兩旁肩低，有似於幞頭也。其為物既加於人首，固為貴矣。矧非人臣面君不敢戴，尤為最貴重者也。穴前見有此砂，欲其方正端嚴，不欹斜，不破碎，方為合格。又有一等土星，開一邊肩者，亦為之幞頭。廖氏又以之為幞頭匣。要之，皆幞頭耳。嘗見有此形者，多是大貴之地。然亦當以後龍定其貴之輕重焉。上格龍主王侯烈士，公孤極品，世享爵祿。中格龍主方面大臣，富貴有聲。賤龍主富盛。

The "fu tou" in the upper grade precious sand refers to a formation that extends on both shoulders, with the middle high and the two sides lower, resembling the cap worn by officials. Since this object is worn on the head, it is inherently valuable; moreover, since it is not something commoners dare to wear when appearing before the sovereign, it is even more precious. When encountering this formation in front of the q穴, it should be square and dignified, neither slanted nor broken, to be considered qualified. There is another type of "fu tou" that only extends on one shoulder, also called "fu tou," and Liao Jinjing refers to it as "fu tou xia." In any case, they all belong to the category of "fu tou." We brothers have seen many sites with this kind of sand, and most of them are places of great fortune. However, we still need to determine the degree of its value based on the subsequent dragon line's quality. The superior dragon line produces princes, heroes, and top officials such as the Three Dukes and Three Ministers, whose families enjoy titles and honors for generations. The middle grade dragon line produces great ministers who can shoulder responsibilities alone, enjoying wealth and fame. The inferior dragon line only brings family prosperity.

中格貴砂流笏者，一字文星順水而流，或泛水，皆謂之流笏。但順水者多主離鄉而有富貴。上格龍主大富，離鄉發貴，及出使外國。中格龍主離鄉而富。賤龍主流落他鄉，及水溺。下格富砂堆肉者，山岡簇集，如堆肉之狀。重重疊疊，大小不等。若圓淨，主富；亦如堆甲之狀，又主武貴。破碎則凶。上格龍主大富，亦主武貴，以其有類堆甲。中格龍主淫亂濁富。賤龍主貧窮淫濫。

In the context of "Zhong Ge Gui Sha" (Middle Grade Precious Sand), "Liuhu" refers to a single-character "Wen Xing" (Literary Star) shaped like a character, flowing along the water or floating on the surface, both of which are called "Liuhu." When it flows with the water, it often indicates a person who becomes wealthy after leaving their hometown. The top-grade dragon (dragon form) signifies great wealth and also indicates success in foreign missions; the middle-grade dragon signifies wealth gained through leaving the hometown; while the low-grade dragon signifies being cast out to another place, even drowning in water. In the context of "Xia Ge Fu Sha" (Lower Grade Wealth Sand), "Dui Rou" refers to hills gathering together in heaps, resembling a pile of meat, layered and of varying sizes. If the shape is round and smooth, it signifies wealth; if it resembles "Dui Jia" (a pile of armor), it also signifies military prestige. If it becomes broken, it is ominous. The top-grade dragon signifies great wealth and also military prestige, as it somewhat resembles "Dui Jia." The middle-grade dragon signifies a decadent family and excessive wealth; the low-grade dragon signifies poverty and licentiousness.

下格賤砂提籮者，如乞丐提籮之狀。此山穴上不宜見之，最為不吉，砂格中之所深忌者也。上格龍主雖有富貴，不免有瘋癲之人。中格龍主僧道。賤龍主乞丐。下格賤砂幡者，山腳飛揚，奔走長遠，或一里，或數里，如今人立旙之狀。順水者凶，逆水者吉。上格龍主武職威權。中格龍主富離鄉，淫奔夭折。賤龍主僧道神靈，長病癆瘵。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain features called "ti luo," the shape resembles a beggar carrying a basket for begging. This kind of mountain is not suitable to be seen at the site of a good location, and it is the most inauspicious among all terrain features. The upper grade dragon still brings wealth and honor, but the family may inevitably have someone who becomes mad; the middle grade dragon produces monks and Taoist priests; and the inferior dragon produces beggars. In the lower grade of inferior terrain features called "pan," the mountain extends outward at the foot, spreading far away, sometimes a li, sometimes several li, resembling the long banners erected by people today. It is凶 if it flows with the water, but吉祥 if it flows against the water. The upper grade dragon indicates a military position with authority; the middle grade dragon indicates leaving the hometown to become wealthy, but there will be cases of illicit relationships, fleeing, and early death of young people; the inferior dragon produces monks, Taoist priests, and holy men, and the family often has someone suffering from tuberculosis.

下格賤砂破傘似椶櫚葉，一峰端正，分腳停勻。然前砂見之亦不吉，何況破碎乎？宜其凶也。上格龍主好殺狠惡，威武名揚。中格龍主富而不潔。賤龍主爭兢貧窮無賴之事。中格貴砂靴履似幞頭而非幞頭，上下二級停勻。靴履下級，靴面低長，與上級不稱，是為靴。履雙只主貴，單隻者主清高、孤獨，難為妻子。上格龍主文臣侍從，碩儒執禮。中格龍主富而好禮。賤龍主螟蛉長病。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain called 'broken umbrella,' the shape resembles a palm leaf, with a single peak that is upright and evenly spread. However, an umbrella-shaped terrain appearing before the site is inherently inauspicious, and even more so when it is broken. It naturally brings about misfortune. The superior grade dragon signifies a person who is cruel and violent yet gains fame through strength; the middle grade dragon indicates wealth but with unscrupulous behavior; and the inferior dragon signifies disputes, poverty, and wickedness. In the middle grade of noble terrain called 'boot' and 'sandals,' the shape resembles a headpiece but is not exactly one, with both upper and lower levels evenly proportioned. The lower level of the boot has a low and long face, which does not match the upper level, and this is called 'boot.' Sandals in pairs indicate nobility, while single sandals indicate a person of high moral standing who is isolated and has difficulty maintaining family. The superior grade dragon produces scholars who serve in the court and are well-versed in rituals; the middle grade dragon indicates wealth and propriety; and the inferior dragon signifies adopting another's child and suffering from chronic illness throughout life.

下格賤砂僧鞋，是同一平阜中有分開之紋，以袱裹鞋之象也。順水者凶，逆水者主出富僧。上格龍主出高僧，逰遍天下，有名。中格龍主僧人有智慧。賤龍主貧僧長病。上格貴砂玉帶者，橫木彎抱，有似於帶。又有金魚以應之，則為玉帶。金魚者，帶之旁或帶之首有墩阜，或石如金魚之狀者是也。上格龍主公孤之貴，進封侯伯，蟒衣玉帶。中格龍主高科，典大藩。賤龍主女貴。

In the lower grade of the humble sandy formations, the "monk's shoe" is a single gentle hill of earth with a dividing line in the middle, resembling a shoe wrapped in a cloth. If it flows with the water, it indicates misfortune; if it flows against the water, it signifies a wealthy monk. The upper grade dragon formation produces great monks who travel the world and gain widespread fame; the middle grade dragon formation indicates monks with wisdom; while the low grade dragon formation suggests poor monks who suffer from chronic illness. In the upper grade of the noble sandy formations, the "jade belt" is a horizontal "wood star" embracing the site, shaped like a belt. If there is also a "golden fish" corresponding to it, it becomes a jade belt. The so-called golden fish refers to small hills or stones shaped like golden fish on either side of the belt or at its end. The upper grade dragon formation signifies the rank of three grand ministers and three ministers of state, leading to titles of marquis and duke, wearing a dragon robe and a jade belt; the middle grade dragon formation indicates success in imperial examinations and governing a large territory; while the low grade dragon formation suggests that a woman in the family will achieve high status.

中格貴砂金帶、銀帶，平面水星彎抱者，皆謂之金帶、銀帶。或平坡，或田圳，皆以圓抱穴場者為是。此砂不拘順水逆水，蓋帶總是抱過身者也。上格龍主典州郡，及因婦而貴。中格龍主縣宰之官，主有女貴。賤龍主經商。上格貴砂金魚者，墩阜之長曲者也。此砂不宜作正案，宜居下關，宜居水口。若水口間有洲塞鎮，亦名游魚洲，主富貴悠久。上格龍主鼎鼐之臣，滿門朱紫。中格龍主典州郡，及鉅富。賤龍主出人飄蕩，及出遊僧。

In the context of "Zhong Ge Gui Sha" (middle grade noble terrain), the terms "Jin Dai" (golden belt) and "Yin Dai" (silver belt) refer to any flat "Shui Xing" (water star) that curves around the qi gathering site. This can be a gentle slope or a field ditch, as long as it circularly encircles the site. Such terrain is acceptable whether the water flows towards or away from the site, since the belt naturally encircles the body of the site. The top grade dragon terrain signifies a person who holds power over a state or province and also gains prestige through marriage; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates someone who becomes a county magistrate with a prominent female relative in the family; and the low grade dragon terrain suggests a person who engages in commerce. In the top grade noble terrain, "Jin Yu" (golden fish) refers to a long and winding mound. This terrain is not suitable as a facing mountain in front of the site, but rather should be located at the lower part of the site or at the water mouth. If there is a sand island in the middle of the water mouth that blocks and controls the outflow of water, it is called "You Yu Zhou" (drifting fish island), which signifies long-lasting wealth and honor. The top grade dragon terrain produces ministers and high officials, with the entire family achieving high status; the middle grade dragon terrain results in control over a state or province or becoming extremely wealthy; and the low grade dragon terrain leads to people who are unsettled or become wandering monks.

上格貴砂玉幾，反覆皆可。蓋玉幾之後，必有貴人圓正，或尖峰巒。玉幾反而抱之，亦如貴人御玉幾之狀，故反覆皆貴。上格龍主大貴，位至三公。中格龍主方面重臣。賤龍主僧道。中格貴砂席帽砂者，亦臺星之變格。要均勻清秀，忌斜側、走竄、破碎。上一格有貴人者為勝，二格低小雜職，三格大貴。上格龍主升朝侍從之臣。中格龍主郡牧邑宰。賤龍主出僧道。

The "Jade Platform" in the superior grade of noble terrain can be placed upright or held upside down. This is because behind the Jade Platform there must be a round and upright "Nobleman" peak or a sharp and towering hill; when the Jade Platform is turned upside down to embrace it, it resembles the Nobleman leaning against the Jade Platform. Therefore, both placements are considered noble. The superior grade dragon terrain brings great fortune, with officials reaching the rank of the Three Excellencies; the middle grade dragon terrain produces outstanding ministers who can take charge independently; and the inferior dragon terrain only produces monks and Taoists. The "Cane Hat" terrain in the middle grade is also a variation of the "Star Platform." It requires evenness and elegance, and it is forbidden to be crooked, wandering, or broken. The top grade with a Nobleman peak accompanying it is best, the second grade with a smaller peak is suitable only for minor officials, and the third grade indicates great fortune. The superior grade dragon terrain leads to a position as a court attendant; the middle grade leads to becoming a prefect or county magistrate; and the inferior grade produces monks and Taoists.

中格貴砂模糊席帽者，或圓頂不起，或尖而斜，或走一足，皆是也。上一格主為官不正，無治才決斷。下一格差勝。上格龍主世代有官不替。中格龍主郡牧邑宰。賤龍主道士。中格貴砂唐帽與席帽相似，但無腳者為席帽，有腳者為唐帽，亦曰唐幞，其寔皆一類也。有腳亦名垂帶。斷訣云：“唐帽若垂帶，才子文章快。”上格龍主世代有官不替。中格龍主清高，徵召不起。賤龍主道士軍配。

In the category of middle-grade noble terrain called "Fumou Ximao," if the shape is indistinct, or if the top is rounded but not prominent, or if it is sharp and crooked, or if one foot protrudes, all fall under this category. The upper section indicates a person who holds office but lacks proper conduct and the ability to manage affairs, as well as decisiveness. The lower section is somewhat better. For the upper-grade dragon terrain, there is a continuous lineage of officials. For the middle-grade dragon terrain, one becomes a county magistrate or prefect. For the low-grade dragon terrain, only monks or Taoist priests emerge. The "Tangmào" in middle-grade noble terrain is similar to the "Ximào," but the difference is that "Ximào" has no feet, while "Tangmào" has feet, also known as "Tangfu." In fact, they are all similar. Those with feet are also called "Chu Dai." The divination rule states, "If Tangmào is Chu Dai, the scholar's writings are swift and eloquent." For the upper-grade dragon terrain, there is a continuous lineage of officials. For the middle-grade dragon terrain, the person is refined and upright, and even if summoned by the court, he does not take office. For the low-grade dragon terrain, monks or Taoist priests emerge, or the person is exiled or sent to military service.

上格貴砂鐵帽與席帽相似，但席帽、唐帽皆清秀，鐵帽則腫丑帶石為異耳。其貴賤全繫於龍穴。上格龍主軍官有功，世襲戎宦。中格龍主武臣富。賤龍主軍配遭凶，貧賤。上格貴砂三峰畧起，頭圓者為寶蓋。要均勻、端正、清秀，忌破碎、飛走、斜側、帶石、醜惡。若遠而清者大貴。亦有二山三山相應結成者，亦當同斷。上格龍主升朝顯貴。中格龍主科第，典州郡。賤龍主僧道。

In the upper grade noble terrain, the "iron hat" resembles the silk hat and Tang hat, but the silk hat and Tang hat are both refined and elegant, while the iron hat is bulky and ugly and contains stones, which is their distinguishing feature. Whether the iron hat signifies nobility or commonness depends entirely on the dragon and the site. The upper grade dragon signifies a military official achieving merit and inheriting military positions through generations; the middle grade dragon signifies a military official becoming wealthy; and the inferior dragon signifies being exiled or suffering misfortune, living a life of poverty and low status. In the upper grade noble terrain, three peaks that are slightly elevated and have rounded, smooth peaks are called "bao gai" (crown-like formation). They require uniformity, correctness, and elegance, and they should avoid being broken, scattered, crooked, containing stones, or being ugly. If they are distant yet have a refined form, they signify great wealth. There are also cases where two or three mountains respond to each other to form a "bao gai" shape, which is evaluated in the same way. The upper grade dragon signifies rising to prominence in court; the middle grade dragon signifies achieving success through the imperial examination system and governing prefectures and states; and the inferior dragon only produces monks and Taoists.

上格貴龍三峰起，帶尖者為華蓋。要均勻齊正，清秀端嚴。忌破碎、斜側、飛走、石丑。大抵雖有丑形而遠者，則不必泥。上格龍主文章清史，功著鼎彝。中格龍主科第，典州郡。賤龍主僧道。上格貴龍獨出一峰，似華蓋而短小者為冠蓋。要均勻齊整、清秀端巖。忌破碎、丑粗、飛走、斜側、不正。得儀仗旌節尤貴。上格龍主科第顯貴，車馬填門。中格龍主富，僕馬豐盈。賤龍主神廟卒從之徒。

The superior grade of a noble dragon is characterized by three peaks rising in front, with sharp peaks, called "Huagai." These should be even, neat, upright, elegant, and solemn; they should avoid being broken, crooked, scattered, or having ugly stone shapes. Generally speaking, even if the shape is somewhat ugly but far away, it is not necessary to be overly strict. The superior grade dragon signifies achieving fame through literary excellence and being recorded in official history, with achievements engraved on bronze vessels and tripod cauldrons. The middle grade dragon signifies success through the imperial examination system and governing prefectures and states. The inferior grade dragon produces monks and Taoist priests. The superior grade of a noble dragon is characterized by a single peak rising alone in front, resembling a small Huagai, called "Guangai." It should be even, neat, elegant, and solemn; it should avoid being broken, coarse, scattered, or crooked. If further accompanied by auxiliary features such as banners and standards, it becomes especially valuable. The superior grade dragon signifies achieving high status through the imperial examination system and having many carriages and horses at the gate. The middle grade dragon signifies a wealthy family with many servants and carriages. The inferior grade dragon produces attendants in temples.

上格貴砂三峰尖微茫出者為馬蓋，要清秀端正，忌破碎粗丑，飛走斜側，得儀仗、旌節尤貴。上格龍主出大將軍，威鎮華夷。中格龍主文武兼全，及高壽。賤龍主敗走無成。中格貴砂出使馬者，馬山之下拖尖利之砂也。馬本馳走之物，復見飛走之砂出於其下，本有遠使之象。上格龍出使外國，有功榮顯，及威鎮華夷。中格龍主多僕馬豪富，而奔走外鄉。賤格主出走馬及木匠。

In the upper grade of valuable terrain, three sharp peaks that only faintly appear are called 'Ma Gai'. They should be clear, elegant, and upright, and should avoid being broken, coarse, ugly, or crooked. If they are further accompanied by formations such as attendants or banners, they become especially valuable. Upper grade dragons indicate the emergence of a great general whose fame shakes the Central Plains and the four barbarian regions. Middle grade dragons indicate both literary and military talents, and long life. Inferior dragons indicate military defeat and fleeing, with nothing accomplished. In the middle grade of valuable terrain, the 'Embassy Horse' refers to a mountain shaped like a horse with a sharp, pointed formation extending from its base. A horse is naturally something that runs swiftly, and the presence of a flowing, moving formation beneath it suggests the image of traveling abroad on a mission. Upper grade dragons indicate going on an embassy to a foreign land, achieving merit and gaining honor, and also signify a commanding presence over both Chinese and foreign lands. Middle grade dragons indicate having many attendants and carriages, wealth in the family, but needing to travel abroad. Inferior dragons indicate serving as a horse rider for others or working as a carpenter.

中格貴砂帶旗馬者，馬山之下拖焰動之砂，如旗之飛動者也。旗馬共是一山者，方為合格。上格龍主出元戎摠兵，專節銊，主功勳。中格龍主將校有武功。賤龍主出草寇、大盜，及神廟。上格貴砂交馳馬者，兩兩雙峰，如馬之相馳驟也。要兩馬之山，一馬左高右低，一馬右高左低，方為合格。上格龍主兄弟叔侄連登科第，朱紫滿門。中格龍主富冠鄉邑，多駿馬。賤龍主出人走馬奴隸。

In the "middle grade" noble terrain called "flag horse," the mountain shaped like a horse has a line extending from its base resembling a flame waving, similar to a flag fluttering. The flag and the horse must both originate from the same mountain to be considered proper. The top grade dragon terrain produces generals who command armies, holding symbols of authority and wielding great power, achieving great feats. The middle grade dragon terrain produces military officers who establish martial achievements. The low grade dragon terrain produces bandits and thieves, or may only be associated with temples. In the top grade noble terrain called "crossing horses," two peaks appear in pairs, resembling two horses running past each other. The requirement for this is that one horse is higher on the left and lower on the right, while the other is higher on the right and lower on the left. This is considered proper. The top grade dragon terrain produces brothers and cousins who successively pass imperial examinations, with the whole family achieving high official status. The middle grade dragon terrain produces wealthy families who lead their town, possessing many fine horses. The low grade dragon terrain produces servants who run errands for others on horseback.

上格貴砂帶甲馬者，馬山身帶痕跡，如戰馬之披甲也。要旗鼓、貴人諸砂相應，其穴尤吉。上格龍主出大將軍，專征伐，立功邊塞。中格龍主偏將有功。賤龍主神壇廟宇靈顯。上格貴砂天馬者，峙立雙峰，一高一低，有似於馬，故曰天馬。然以天名之，亦欲其高聳清秀，遠貼天表耳。在午未者尤貴。上格龍主出典大藩，方面之職。中格龍主五馬專城。賤龍主走卒牧馬之人。

In the upper grade of noble terrain, the "horse with armor" refers to a mountain shaped like a horse that has lines or patterns on its body, resembling a war horse wearing armor. It should be accompanied by features such as flags, drums, and noblemen to form a harmonious landscape, making the site particularly auspicious. The upper grade dragon indicates a great general who commands military campaigns and achieves fame on the frontier; the middle grade dragon indicates a deputy general who achieves merit; and the low grade dragon is associated with temples and shrines where spirits are active. In the upper grade of noble terrain, the "Heavenly Horse" refers to two peaks standing opposite each other, one high and one low, shaped like a horse, hence called Heavenly Horse. Since it is named "Heavenly," it should be tall and elegant, rising far into the sky. Peaks located in the午 (Wu) or 未 (Wei) directions are especially valuable. The upper grade dragon indicates a person who holds a major territory and assumes a key position; the middle grade dragon indicates a governor of a single commandery; and the low grade dragon is associated with soldiers and horsekeepers.

上格貴砂勒馬回頭者，天馬山轉腳也。要清秀，忌破碎。若見旗鼓相應，主武職威名，汗馬功業。上格龍主出使邊方，威武烜赫。中格龍主鉅富僕馬。賤龍主牧馬販馬。下格賤砂破網者，披折洪破雜出。主家業破落，泉漏不幹。又主疽瘡，及冷潰骨疽肷爛之疾。又主徒杖刑罪。上格龍主武職。中格龍主家業或興或敗，及惡疾之人。賤龍主徒杖刑罪、貧窮。

The "Le Ma Hou Tou" (Leaving the Horse to Turn Back) in the upper grade precious sand refers to a mountain called Heavenly Horse turning its foot at the mountain base to face the tomb site. It requires clarity and elegance, and it is forbidden to have broken or fragmented shapes. If it is accompanied by flags and drums, it indicates holding a military position with great reputation and establishing remarkable achievements. The upper grade dragon indicates being assigned to serve on official missions to the border regions, showing great military strength and prestige; the middle grade dragon indicates great wealth and numerous servants and carriages; the low grade dragon indicates working as a herder or trader of horses. The "Po Wang" (Broken Net) in the lower grade low quality sand refers to a shape that is scattered, broken, and greatly damaged, emerging in a disorderly manner. It indicates the family's fortune declining, like a spring eye leaking water continuously, causing constant loss; it also indicates the occurrence of boils and abscesses, as well as severe bone abscesses, and ulcers in the waist and flanks; it also indicates being sentenced to corporal punishment or imprisonment. The upper grade dragon indicates holding a military position; the middle grade dragon indicates fluctuating family fortune and family members suffering from serious illnesses; the low grade dragon indicates being subjected to corporal punishment or imprisonment and poverty.

中格貴砂錦帳乃水星橫闊者，有數格，皆取得於龍。若富龍則為帳，若貴龍則為掛榜之砂耳。要長闊方齊，無浪痕破碎，無山腳飛斜，方為合格。右一格山頭歪側而粗，更有砂碎巉巖，而山足飛斜散亂，則為鶉衣百衲之格也。然雖破碎而遠，亦不為害。凡丑形，未有不是近者。凡秀砂，未有不是遠者。欲辨砂形之姸媸，亦當審其遠近耳。上格龍主貴。中格龍主富冠鄉邑。賤龍主淫亂。

In the "Zhong Ge Gui Sha" (Middle Grade Precious Sand), the "Jin Zhang" (Curtain of Brocade) refers to a broad and spreading "Shui Xing" (Water Star). There are several forms, and which one is used depends on the coming dragon. If it is a rich dragon, it becomes a "Zhang" (curtain); if it is a noble dragon, it becomes the "Gua Bang" (Hanging Scroll) sand. The mountain body should be long and wide, square, neat, and flat, without wave-like erosion or broken fragments, and the mountain foot should not be slanting or scattered. If the right section has a slanting and coarse mountain head, with broken and rugged rocks, and the mountain foot is slanting and scattered, it forms the "Chun Yi Bai Nia" (Peacock Robe with Many Patches) pattern. However, even though it is broken, if it is far away, it does not cause harm. All ugly shapes do not become apparent until they are close; all refined sands do not show their beauty until they are far away. To distinguish the beauty or ugliness of sand forms, one should first consider their distance. The superior dragon brings nobility; the middle grade dragon brings wealth as the top of the village; and the inferior dragon leads to a degenerate family atmosphere.

下格賤砂棺形橫見者，主喪禍，亦客亡棄官而歸。若斜而順水者，主客死在外，靈櫬不歸。上水者，亦主返亡。頭高尾低者為棺。首尾平勻者非也。上格龍主為官在外而死。中格龍主為商溺水而死。賤龍主全家瘟疫而死。中格貴砂橫琴者，平岡眠體木星，兩頭微低，有似平琴之狀。亦曰文星，要清秀平正，方為合格。忌破碎尖竄。上格龍主文章譽望，富貴雙全。中格龍主清秀富足、尊嚴。賤龍主人好琴而清貧。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain, the form of a coffin appearing horizontally in front of the site indicates misfortune and calamity, also suggesting death away from home or returning home after abandoning official posts. If the shape of the terrain is slanted and flows with the water, it indicates death in another place, and the coffin cannot be brought back. If it flows against the water, it also indicates death and returning home. Only when the head is high and the tail is low is it considered a coffin; if the head and tail are level, it is not a coffin. The superior grade dragon indicates death while serving in an official post away from home; the middle grade dragon indicates drowning while engaged in business; and the inferior dragon indicates the whole family dying from an epidemic. In the middle grade of noble terrain, the form of a horizontal zither is a flat hill with a horizontal "wood star," slightly lower at both ends, resembling a flat zither, also called the "literary star." It requires clarity, elegance, and straightness to be considered qualified; it is forbidden to be broken or have sharp ends spreading out. The superior grade dragon indicates fame in literature and great wealth; the middle grade dragon indicates a refined character, a prosperous family, and dignity; the inferior dragon indicates a person who loves playing the zither but has a poor family situation.

中格貴砂金筒玉軸，方而直長者為金筒，方而橫長者為玉軸。二形雖別，但以彷佛似之，不可拘泥也。上格龍主文章科第，祿及子孫。中格龍主州縣左右之官。賤龍主僧道符法之人。中格貴砂妝臺者，星峰疊擁，有若妝臺之狀。後龍若貴，亦出大貴。不然，只主女貴而已。上格龍主嬪妃，而家亦因女有貴。中格龍主女貴。賤龍主女子嬌妖淫賤。

In the middle grade of noble terrain, the "golden tube" and "jade axis" are described. The golden tube is square and upright, while the jade axis is square and horizontal. Although their shapes differ, they can be identified as long as they are generally similar, without strict adherence. The top grade dragon produces outstanding literary talent and success in the imperial examinations, with official salaries benefiting descendants. The middle grade dragon produces officials of secondary rank in county administrations. The inferior dragon produces monks, Taoist priests, and those who practice talismans and divination. In the middle grade noble terrain, the "makeup table" is characterized by star-like peaks clustering together, resembling a woman's makeup stand. If the coming dragon is noble, it can produce great officials; if the coming dragon is not noble, it only indicates the prominence of women in the family. The top grade dragon produces concubines, and the family gains status through women. The middle grade dragon indicates the prominence of women. The inferior dragon indicates women who are seductive and morally corrupt.

中格貴砂鏡臺，以台山之外圓峰出頭，如鏡之狀，故謂之鏡臺。要星峰圓正，適相登對，方為合格。上格龍主女貴為后妃，及榮膺一品。中格龍主女貴受誥封，多生女。賤龍主女淫賤。中格貴砂杯盤者，小山重疊，有似於杯之狀。其為噐，富貴貧賤之家皆有之，卻非貴砂也。上格龍主位至正卿，為國之楨幹。中格龍主饕餮飲食之人。賤龍主僧道。

In the middle grade of noble mountains called "mirror platform," there is a round peak that protrudes from a platform-shaped mountain, resembling a mirror, hence the name "mirror platform." This star peak must be round and upright, precisely facing the platform mountain, to be considered qualified. The top grade dragon brings about a woman becoming a queen or receiving a first-class imperial decree; the middle grade dragon brings about a woman achieving high status and receiving imperial recognition, and she tends to have many daughters; the low grade dragon leads to women being immoral and debauched. In the middle grade of noble mountains called "cup and plate," there are small mountains piled up repeatedly, resembling a cup. This kind of utensil exists in both wealthy and poor households, so it is not truly a noble mountain. The top grade dragon brings a person who attains the position of a senior official and becomes a pillar of the state; the middle grade dragon brings someone who is greedy for food and wealth; the low grade dragon only produces monks and Taoist priests.

上格貴砂五雷者，或高山，或平岡，有五峰叢立，有五山排立，皆謂之五雷之格。上格龍主五馬專城，腰金衣紫。中格龍主兄弟同科而有威名。賤龍主雷驚惡死。上格貴砂龍樓鳳閣，本王者之居，最為貴重，必大貴之地方可當此。故《玉髓經》云“前砂見此主大貴，左右君王日月朝。”蓋不借他星相助，自能致貴。上格龍主封公侯，朱紫滿門，富貴鼎盛。中格龍主宰相，男尚公主。賤龍主掌大權。

The "Five Thunder" in the Upper Grade Noble Sand refers to five peaks either gathered together or arranged in a line, regardless of whether they appear on a high mountain or a flat hill. Such a formation is called the Five Thunder pattern. The Upper Grade Dragon signifies a governor of a whole prefecture, wearing a golden seal and a purple robe; the Middle Grade Dragon indicates brothers achieving fame and success together; while the Inferior Dragon leads to being struck by lightning and dying suddenly. The "Dragon Palace and Phoenix Pavilion" in the Upper Grade Noble Sand originally refers to the palaces where emperors reside, being the most precious. Only a place of great fortune can be worthy of such a formation. Therefore, Zhang Zimou's "Yusui Jing" states, "Seeing such formations ahead signifies great fortune, with the king's day and the sun and moon paying homage on both sides." This kind of sand does not need assistance from other stars or peaks to attract noble fortune. The Upper Grade Dragon leads to being granted a marquisate or a duke title, with the whole family prosperous and wealthy; the Middle Grade Dragon signifies becoming a prime minister, with sons-in-law being princesses; while the Inferior Dragon also indicates holding great power.

上格貴砂簾幕乃高山連峰，如鋪簾圍，如設幙，不缺不折，不凹不斷，斯謂簾幙貴砂。上格龍主富貴雙全。中格龍主富盛，賓客滿門。賤龍主名妓，多交貴人。中格貴砂御傘者，星辰帶水浪痕折，有似於傘，但不宜破碎、欹斜，方為合格。亦須高聳特異則貴。上格龍主登第貴顯，出身即為朝官。中格龍主馹丞巡司。賤龍主皂隸奴僕。

In the upper grade "Lianmu" (Curtain-like) terrain, the "Lianmu" refers to high mountains forming a continuous line of peaks, like a curtain hanging to enclose, or a heavy curtain set up, without any缺口, break, depression, or interruption. This is called "Lianmu" noble terrain. The upper grade dragon signifies both wealth and honor; the middle grade dragon indicates family prosperity and many guests; the inferior dragon produces famous courtesans who often associate with noblemen. In the middle grade "Yushan" (Imperial Umbrella) terrain, the "Yushan" refers to star peaks with the waves and wrinkles of the "Shui Xing" (Water Star), shaped like an umbrella; but it must not be broken or crooked, and it should be prominent to show nobility. The upper grade dragon signifies success in the imperial examinations and rising to prominence, immediately holding a court position upon entering officialdom; the middle grade dragon indicates holding minor posts such as postal station magistrate or patrol inspector; the inferior dragon produces衙役 and servants.

上格貴砂御臺者，平正秀麗，似金非金。金則蛾眉矣。似土非土，土則相臺矣。似木非木，木則一字文星矣。此砂千不逢一。上格龍為禁穴，出后妃。中格龍出宰相。賤龍出女貴。上格貴砂御臺前有日月者，尤為至貴之應。或日月山左右夾照，皆為至貴。上格龍為禁穴，出后妃。中格龍出宰相、神童、狀元。賤龍亦有小貴。

The "Yu Tai" in the upper grade precious sand is flat, upright, and elegant, resembling the "Jinxing" star but not exactly Jinxing; if it were truly Jinxing, it should be called "E Mei." It resembles the "Tuxing" star but not exactly Tuxing; if it were truly Tuxing, it should be called "Xiang Tai." It resembles the "Muxing" star but not exactly Muxing; if it were truly Muxing, it should be called "Yi Zi Wen Xing." Such a sand is extremely rare, appearing once in a thousand cases. If an upper grade dragon is buried with it, it becomes a royal tomb, producing empresses and consorts. Middle grade dragons produce chancellors; even low grade dragons may produce distinguished women. In upper grade precious sand, if there is a "Ri Xing" mountain and a "Yue Xing" mountain before the Yu Tai, it is a sign of supreme fortune; or if the Ri Xing and Yue Xing mountains are on both sides, enclosing the tomb site, it is equally a sign of supreme fortune. Upper grade dragons are royal tombs, producing empresses and consorts; middle grade dragons produce chancellors, divine children, and状元; even low grade dragons may produce some minor nobility.

中格貴砂掣電者，岡阜走動如生蛇也。更有流水隨山走動，謂之掣電水龍，吉，乃是明曜。上格龍主神童狀元。中格龍主富貴風流。賤龍主癆瘵之疾。上格貴砂祥雲者，景雲也，亦名慶雲。天之瑞物，不可常有。砂形合此，乃至貴龍穴之應。予兄弟所見，惟二房自卜壽藏合此。上格龍主神仙白日飛昇，白衣登殿，為帝者師。中格龍主為官近帝。賤龍主清修高潔，世有文名，《經》曰：“神仙之地，勢如疊雲。”四山擁從如雲也。張子房自卜壽藏，在徐州子房山，乃中條分幹，結騎龍穴。前有九重朝案，次第層疊，成上天梯格，四面環遶，如人坐雲端。呂梁洪乃其水口山，有子房廟，亦靈感。

In the middle grade of noble terrain, the term "chè diàn" refers to a hill that winds and moves like a living snake. If there is also flowing water following the mountain's trend, it is called "chè diàn shuǐ lóng," which is auspicious and represents visible celestial energy. The top grade dragon terrain produces prodigies and状元 (top scholars); the middle grade produces wealth and elegance; and the low grade leads to illness from consumption. In the top grade noble terrain, "xiáng yún" refers to the scenic cloud or festive cloud, which is a heavenly omen and does not appear often. When the terrain shape matches the shape of the festive cloud, it is a sign of the most noble dragon site. Among our brothers' lifetime observations, only the chosen longevity site of the second branch matches this pattern. The top grade dragon terrain leads to becoming a immortal who ascends to heaven or becoming a teacher to the emperor without official rank; the middle grade leads to holding official positions close to the emperor; and the low grade leads to a life of purity and literary fame across generations. The "Zàng Jīng" (Classic of Burial) says, "The land of immortals has a trend like stacked clouds," meaning that the surrounding mountains cluster and follow like layers of clouds. Zhang Liang's chosen longevity site, located in the Zixiang Mountain in Xu Zhou, belongs to the dry dragon branch of the Zhongtiao Mountains, forming a dragon riding site. Before the site, there are nine layers of approaches, each level stacked in order, forming the "Shangtianti" (Heavenly Stair) pattern, with surrounding mountains enclosing it, making one feel as if sitting on a cloud. The water mouth mountain is the Lüliang Hong, where there is a Zixiang Temple, which is also very effective.

按：子房受黃石公秘書，宜其知地之精。加以辟穀，自卜壽藏，何其智耶！子不疑襲留侯，文帝時除爵。世傳張道陵乃其八代孫，兩漢迄今，號稱天師。國朝，封大眞人，掌天下道教事，世襲二品，今五十代，亦此地之鍾靈，與龍虎山陽基毓秀也。

The commentary says: Zhang Liang once received secret teachings from the Duke of Yellow Stone, which is why he was so skilled in the subtle aspects of geography; furthermore, he practiced fasting and spiritual cultivation, personally selecting his own tomb site, how wise! His son Zhang Buyi inherited the title of Lord of Retaining the Treasure, but during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, the title was abolished. It is said in the world that Zhang Daoling is the eighth-generation descendant of Zhang Liang. From the Han dynasty to the present day, he has been revered as the Celestial Master. The current dynasty conferred the title of Great True Person upon his descendants, granting them authority over all Taoist affairs, with hereditary rank of second class, and it has now passed down to the fifty-first generation. This is also the reason why the mountain of Master Zifang is rich in spiritual energy, and the fine qualities of the residential site in Longhu Mountain shine together.

上格貴砂夫三臺六星，太微、軒轅之上，泰階平則治道昌，此正三臺也。若三峰乃三公星，世俗為三臺，不復革耳。然取應亦頗與三臺不甚相遠，第不如六符，力量尤重。故《玉髓經》云“力量又在三臺上，六世兒孫襲封蔭”。六世者，指六星所應也。大抵此等星辰，主重拜褒封，簪纓世代，恩榮稠疊，子孫蕃衍，朱紫盈門，乃極貴極吉之砂也。上格龍主公孤極品，功蓋天下，滿門朱紫。中格龍主位列九卿，父子同朝。賤龍主小貴。

The upper grade mentions "SanTai" (Three Platforms): in the sky, the Three Platforms consist of six stars located above Taiwei and Xuanyuan stars. It is said that when the Taijie (the steps of heaven) are level and upright, the state will flourish, which is the authentic meaning of SanTai. As for the three peaks on earth arranged in a line, they originally belong to the "San Gong Xing" (Three Ministers Stars), but due to common usage, they are also called SanTai and the name has not been changed. However, the response they produce is somewhat similar to the real SanTai, though not as powerful as the "Liu Fu" (Six Symbols), which corresponds to six stars and thus six generations. Therefore, Zhang Zimei's "Yumi Jing" states, "Their power surpasses even the Three Platforms, with the descendants for six generations inheriting titles and benefits." The term "six generations" refers precisely to the six stars corresponding to six generations. Generally speaking, such stars and peaks indicate repeated imperial honors, continuous generations of officials with official titles, accumulating honors generation after generation, flourishing descendants, and a family full of high-ranking officials, which is extremely auspicious and noble. The top-grade dragon produces the highest-ranking officials such as the Three Ministers and Three Ministers, whose achievements surpass the world, with the whole family filled with high-ranking officials; the middle-grade dragon produces officials ranking among the Nine Ministers, with father and son serving in the court together; even the low-grade dragon can bring some minor prestige.

上格貴砂仙橋本水星，兩角撐火者為上，撐木者次之。蓋水火有既濟之功，故貴。吾邑治正面此砂，南唐國師吳法旺扦，讖云：“仙橋砂現，間出異人。”故此邦多有神仙。如張紫瓊眞人、萬萬山趙緣督眞人上陽子之師、龍潭徐仙翁、三清李仙姑，及祝觀物、吳白雲、傅少華、傅初庵、祝剛陽、徐丹臺子云外老人，皆異人也，俱產此邦。但此砂宜遠而清秀，若太近不清，及低小不高，亦掛榜砂耳。上格龍主神仙大臣，屢詔不起，志慕神仙。中格龍主完名全節，高壽神仙。賤龍主清高不仕，及出高僧。

The "Xianqiao" (Heavenly Bridge) in the upper grade of precious sand is essentially the "Water Star." The best is when the two ends are supported by the "Fire Star," and the next best is when supported by the "Wood Star." This is because water and fire have the "Ji Ji" (Completion) function in their mutual association, making it valuable. Our DeXing County's county seat faces exactly this kind of sand, which was determined by the Southern Tang master Wu Fawang. A prophecy was left saying, "When the Xianqiao sand appears, extraordinary people emerge intermittently." Therefore, many people of divine and supernatural nature have emerged from this area. For example, Zhang Zijiong the immortal, Master Zhao Yuandu of Wannanshan (the teacher of Shangyangzi), Xu Xianweng of Longtan, Li Xianqu of the Three Pure Ones, as well as Zhu Guanwu, Wu Baiyun, Fu Shaohua, Fu Chuan'an, Zhu Gangyang, Xu Dantai, and Ziyuanyao the Elder of Yunwai, are all extraordinary people, all originating from this county. However, this kind of sand is suitable when it is distant and elegant. If it is too close and not clear, or if it is low and small, then it is merely a "Guabang" (Hanging Banner) sand. The superior dragon mountains produce ministers with a divine appearance, who are repeatedly summoned but do not come out of the mountains, their aspirations being to pursue Dao and immortality. The middle-grade dragon mountains produce people who preserve their virtue, live long lives, and become immortals. The inferior dragon mountains produce people who are clean and lofty, not seeking official positions, or become high monks.

上格貴砂上天梯者，連起星一層高一層。要山形清秀，大小相等，高低有序，方為合格。若見仙橋，主白日昇天。上格龍主年少狀元，官近君王，父子兄弟同朝。中格龍主兄弟同科，父子同朝。賤龍主出人聰俊巧藝。上格貴砂群仙簇隊者，諸峰森森簇簇，重重疊疊，如蜂屯蟻聚，皆秀麗清奇者也。亦為三千粉黛，八百煙花，富貴之象也。上格龍主公侯國戚，駙馬、女妃，神仙。中格龍主鎮大藩，鉅富多僕從，武貴。賤龍主出人風流飄蕩。

The "Heavenly Stair" in the upper grade noble terrain refers to a series of star-like peaks rising continuously, each higher than the last. The mountain shapes must be clear and elegant, with each peak of equal size and arranged in order of height to be considered qualified. If the "Heavenly Bridge" terrain is also present, it signifies sudden success and ascension to heaven in one's lifetime. The upper grade dragon terrain produces officials who achieve success at a young age, hold high positions near the emperor, and have father and brothers serving in the court together. The middle grade dragon terrain produces brothers who pass the imperial exams together and father and son serving in the court. The inferior dragon terrain produces intelligent and talented individuals who gain recognition through their skills. The "Cluster of Immortals" in the upper grade noble terrain refers to many peaks gathering closely, layered upon each other, like a swarm of bees or ants, and each peak is elegant and peculiar. It also symbolizes a flourishing scene like "three thousand beauties and eight hundred fireworks," representing wealth and prosperity. The upper grade dragon terrain produces nobles, royal relatives,驸马 (princes married to imperial daughters), concubines, and even immortals. The middle grade dragon terrain produces officials who govern large territories, accumulate great wealth, have many servants, and achieve status through military merit. The inferior dragon terrain produces people who are extravagant, indulgent, and lack stability.

下格賤砂奠杯之形，橫列者是。或有盤，或無盤，或開或合，皆為奠杯。品字本吉。若列品字，開闊展布則吉。上格龍主富貴雙全。中格龍主小富，抱養他人之子。賤龍主墮胎、患眼、僧道。中格貴砂銀瓶盞筋，或有盞而無瓶，此則可假為瓶山，亦自彷彿。不指為瓶，則不過為貴秀之峰也。上格龍主貴，上殿捧獻觴。中格龍主富盛，賓客滿門。賤龍主賣酒、僧道。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain, the "Dian Bei" refers to small hill-like cups arranged horizontally. Whether there is a base or not beneath them, and whether their forms are open or closed, all are considered Dian Bei. Arranged in a character of three (pin) shape, it is originally auspicious. If the three hills are arranged widely and comfortably, it becomes even more auspicious. The upper grade dragon terrain signifies wealth and honor both; the middle grade dragon terrain signifies moderate prosperity but requires adoption of a son; the inferior dragon terrain signifies miscarriage, eye disease, and the emergence of monks or Taoist priests. In the middle grade of noble terrain, the "Yin Ping Zhan Zhu" sometimes only has the shape of a bowl without a bottle. In such cases, the adjacent hills can be considered as the bottle hills, with shapes that are roughly similar. If they are not regarded as the bottle, they are merely a graceful and refined peak. The upper grade dragon terrain signifies prominent status, capable of serving as a court attendant to the king, presenting cups and offering wine. The middle grade dragon terrain signifies family prosperity and a full house of guests. The inferior dragon terrain signifies engaging in the wine business or the emergence of monks or Taoist priests.

下格富砂斗者，方正而卑，或石或土，有似於斗者為斗。但不可拘泥，多是土星。要方正，忌破碎。上格龍主廩膳納票之官。中格龍主小富。賤龍主出米牙之人。下格賤砂木杓者，以其有似於木杓，蓋今乞丐及化緣道人所帶，不過微柄，為穿孔繫帶之所而已。故柄短者主乞丐。上格龍主富貴，多墮胎淫慾。中格龍主淫亂。賤龍主淫慾、乞丐、瘟癀。

In the lower grade of rich soil formations, the "dou" refers to a small, square and low hill, made of either stone or soil, shaped like the measuring vessel used for rice, hence called "dou." However, one need not be overly strict about this, as it mostly belongs to the "earth star." It requires being square and should avoid being broken. The upper grade dragon formation indicates a position in charge of storing grain or collecting grain coupons; the middle grade dragon indicates small wealth; and the low grade dragon produces people involved in grain trading and middlemen. In the lower grade of poor soil formations, the "wood spoon" refers to a shape resembling a wooden ladle. Nowadays, the wooden spoons carried by beggars and monks for alms have only a short handle, merely a hole for tying a rope, so a short handle indicates the emergence of beggars. The upper grade dragon, although indicating wealth and honor, often results in many miscarriages and indulgence in lust within the family; the middle grade dragon indicates a family with immoral behavior; and the low grade dragon indicates indulgence in lust, begging, and suffering from plague or jaundice.

下格賤砂枷者，丁山兩腳重疊，有似於枷。此形最為不祥，穴前見此，皆主死罪、囚繋、官災。上格龍主風憲衙門，號令軍民。中格龍主犯罪被枷號。賤龍主獄囚死罪。下格賤砂抱肩砂者，大山欹斜，外有小山居其旁，如人相抱之狀。又有後山轉腳抱前山，其丑尤甚。上格龍主富貴而淫泆內亂。中格龍主男淫女濫，丑名遠播。賤龍主娼妓。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain called 'Jia', the shape of 'Jia' refers to a mountain with a 'ding' shape, where the two legs overlap, resembling the wooden collar worn by criminals. This shape is most inauspicious; if it appears before a tomb, it indicates death sentences, imprisonment, and legal troubles. The upper grade dragon signifies control over the wind and law departments, commanding the military and civilians; the middle grade dragon indicates criminal behavior and public humiliation with a collar; and the inferior dragon signifies imprisonment and death sentences. In the lower grade of inferior terrain, 'Bao Jian Sha' refers to a large mountain leaning sideways, with a smaller mountain beside it, resembling two people hugging; if the mountain behind also turns its foot to embrace the front mountain, it becomes even worse. The upper grade dragon, although indicating wealth and honor, brings about internal family corruption and disorder; the middle grade dragon leads to promiscuity between men and women, spreading disgrace widely; and the inferior dragon produces prostitutes.

下格賤砂刺面砂者，近見有石附於其山，望之如人刺面，以藥貼面之狀，亦如以針刺面，皆主人黥配。尖圓相值，又主殺傷。上格龍主軍配得官。中格龍主軍配而富。賤龍主軍配、殺戮、陣亡。下格賤砂掀裙砂者，一山數腳飛開，如人掀裙之狀，及有浪痕擺折，皆主不吉。上一格女濫，下一格主男女皆淫。上格龍主富貴而淫。中格龍主淫濫濁富。賤龍主婦人淫慾為娼，男人飄蕩。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain called "Needle-Face Sand," when one sees stones attached to a mountain up close, but from a distance they appear like human faces with markings, like a plaster applied, or like a pattern pierced with needles, it indicates that family members will be subjected to黥面 (a form of corporal punishment involving branding) and conscription into military service. If sharp and round stones are combined, it also indicates injury or death. The upper grade of dragon terrain suggests that after being conscripted, one will eventually attain official status; the middle grade suggests becoming wealthy after conscription; while inferior dragon terrain indicates conscription, killing, and dying in battle. In the lower grade of inferior terrain called "Lifted Skirt Sand," when a mountain has several legs extending outward as if flying, resembling a person lifting their skirt, and there are also wave-like folds on the surface, it indicates an ominous situation. The upper grade suggests female promiscuity, while the lower grade suggests promiscuity among both men and women. The upper grade of dragon terrain indicates wealth and also promiscuity; the middle grade suggests promiscuity and great wealth; while inferior dragon terrain indicates women indulging in lust and becoming prostitutes, and men wandering away from home.

下格賤砂咒詛山者，二山相合，如合掌然。富貴之地，亦間有之，主出人為事滅絕天理，令人咒詛。若為庵觀寺院，則又迪吉。上格龍主勢焰作威福，多人咒詛。中格龍主兇狠而富，多遭凶。賤龍主優婆夷、優婆塞。下格賤砂破廚者，祿存中之破碎而凶者。穴上見之，事事不吉。惟挺然居於水口，把截門戶，則又為吉星。上格龍主退官罷職。中格龍主先富而後貧。賤龍主乞丐。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain called "Zaocu Mountain," two mountains come together like two hands clasped in prayer. This feature occasionally appears in prosperous and wealthy areas, but it indicates that people from such a place will act against heaven and earth, causing widespread condemnation. If this terrain is used for a monastery or temple, it becomes auspicious. The upper grade dragon signifies a person who is arrogant and tyrannical, and is disliked by many. The middle grade dragon indicates a person who is fierce and wealthy but frequently meets misfortune. The inferior dragon produces people who are devout Buddhists, such as upasaka and upasini. In the lower grade of inferior terrain called "Pochu," it refers to a dangerous and destructive type of "Luchun" star. When seen from the grave site, it brings misfortune in all matters; however, if it stands upright at the water mouth, guarding the entrance, it becomes a beneficial star. The upper grade dragon signifies being dismissed from office. The middle grade dragon signifies first becoming rich then poor. The inferior dragon results in becoming a beggar.

中格貴砂兜鍪者，頂起而有傾側之勢，拽裙如鱉，亦微帶殿蓋，橫視之則為殺耳。旗鼓同見者合格。上格龍主勳業世爵，威武好勇。中格龍主武職小官，武斷鄉曲。賤龍主軍卒賤役，兇狠賊徒。中格貴砂球杖之形不一，有從高山生下，出腳為杖者。若山高峻而端嚴，則可指為將軍打球。有從山脈落下閃斷，復於平處特為杖者，頗有球彷彿相類，不可拘泥。上格龍主壽考榮貴。中格龍主富壽，異姓仝居。賤龍主貧賤、殘疾、患眼、墮胎。

In the middle grade of noble mountain formations, the term "dou mou" refers to a mountain peak that is raised and slightly tilted, with the mountain base dragging out like the shell of a turtle, and also slightly resembling the shape of a roof. When viewed from the side, it appears as a form of killing energy. It is only considered proper if both the flag and drum formations are present. The top grade dragon formation signifies establishing meritorious deeds and inheriting titles, with a person being valiant and brave. The middle grade dragon formation indicates serving as a low-ranking military official, acting tyrannically and arbitrarily in the local area. The inferior dragon formation leads to soldiers, lowly servants, and fierce bandits. In the middle grade of noble mountain formations, the term "qiu zhang" refers to a variety of shapes: some rise directly from a high mountain, extending one foot to form a staff-like shape; if the mountain is both high and dignified, it can be called "general playing ball." Others descend from a mountain range, break in the middle, and then rise again to form a staff-like shape on a flat area, which is quite similar to the ball staff and does not need to be overly strict. The top grade dragon formation signifies longevity and honor; the middle grade dragon formation indicates wealth and longevity, with other families living together in the same household; the inferior dragon formation leads to poverty, disability, eye diseases, and miscarriages.

中格富砂仰船者，多是土星橫疊，有仰船之狀。不破碎者橫直皆可，船頭勾上者更吉。上格龍主出征外國，兼併土地，建立大功。中格龍主出江湖幹運，興家致富。賤龍主行商之人，及淫賤。下格富砂賭博之砂，若在旁出而龍神吉者，亦主因賭得財。但此等之砂，終非全吉，至龍氣盡時，敗莫能救。此所以為賤砂。上格龍主經商坐賈，巧藝得錢，作謀成家。中格龍主因賭得錢，出人奸險。賤龍主好賭破家，浮華不實。

In the middle grade of rich sand, the "upside-down boat" is mostly formed by the "Saturn" lying horizontally, resembling a boat placed upside down. As long as it is not broken, it can be placed horizontally or vertically; a more auspicious form is when the bow of the boat is raised upwards. The top grade dragon indicates going abroad for military campaigns, annexing territories, and achieving great accomplishments; the middle grade dragon indicates traveling to rivers and lakes for trade, establishing a prosperous family; the low grade dragon indicates merchants who are immoral or prone to licentiousness. In the lower grade of rich sand, the "gambling sand" can bring wealth through gambling if it is located nearby and the dragon spirit is auspicious; however, this type of sand is not entirely favorable, and when the dragon energy is exhausted, the decline is irreversible, so it is still classified as low grade sand. The top grade dragon indicates engaging in business, opening shops, earning money through skillful craftsmanship, and achieving success through planning; the middle grade dragon indicates earning money through gambling and producing descendants who are cunning and deceitful; the low grade dragon indicates gambling leading to family ruin and a life of superficiality and lack of substance.

下格富砂接錢之砂，乃要下砂逆水，方是接錢，主進財帛。若順水有砂，反為送錢出外，退敗。上格龍主司財之官。中格龍主坐賈得財，因親發達。賤龍主多疾病，是非括括。下格富砂錦被堆不與諸山連接，或圓扁，或方長，四旁皆有裙腳，如撒被之狀，方應此形。上格龍主富貴雙全。中格龍主富冠鄉邑。賤龍主墮胎、惡疾。

In the lower grade of rich terrain called "Jie Qian Sha" (money-receiving terrain), the terrain must come from the downstream side and curve against the water flow to form a receiving shape, which signifies gaining wealth. If the terrain follows the water flow, it instead leads to losing wealth, indicating decline. The upper grade dragon terrain signifies holding a high official position in charge of finances; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates making money through running a business and gaining success through family connections; the low grade dragon terrain signifies frequent illness and continuous disputes. In the lower grade of rich terrain called "Jin Bei Pile" (embroidered quilt terrain), a mountain that is isolated from other mountains, either round and flat or square and elongated, with slopes like the edges of a quilt spread out, forms this shape. The upper grade dragon terrain signifies both wealth and honor; the middle grade dragon terrain indicates being the richest in the whole village; the low grade dragon terrain signifies miscarriage and suffering from serious diseases.

下格富砂堆錢山，不必泥兩頭有辨索之狀，因形定名者，隨穴指喝，仿象而巳，豈必如圖畫摸寫過眞耶？上格龍主富貴雙全。中格龍主富冠鄉邑。賤龍主出走卒軍籍。中格富砂臥牛者，乃濁體土星，其形有似於牛臥也。若山無腳出，即為倉庫之砂，大宜出於水口間。上格龍主為官富厚。中格龍主富而多牛馬之牸。賤龍困窮，多生好睡之人。

In the lower grade of rich terrain called "Heap of Money Mountain," there is no need to strictly follow the form of having strings of coins at both ends. All terrains named according to their shape are merely rough pointers made by people on the spot, taking a general resemblance, not necessarily requiring them to be as realistic as a painter's depiction. The top grade dragon brings both official rank and wealth; the middle grade dragon brings great wealth surpassing the whole village; the low grade dragon produces common soldiers and soldiers enlisted in the army. In the middle grade rich terrain called "Bowed Ox," it refers to a shapeless "Earth Star," resembling an ox lying down. If this mountain does not extend its foot, it becomes a warehouse terrain, which is most suitable to appear between the water mouths. The top grade dragon brings official position along with wealth; the middle grade dragon brings wealth and many cows and horses; the low grade dragon leads to poverty and many people in the family who like to sleep a lot.

中格富砂獅主富，亦主貴。獅形面方頭大，腰狹尾闊，前重後輕，土星之濁者也。此等砂亦宜稍遠，或出水口為美。上格龍主出人魁偉、富厚、方面，大享福壽。中格龍主鉅富小貴。賤龍主出人粗率窮困。中格富砂伏虎者，星峰雄偉，有似於虎也。此土星之肥大者，要星辰光彩，頭腳圓正為吉。上格龍主田連阡陌，亦有小貴武功。中格龍主婦人墮胎、盜竊，有財而濁。賤龍主被虎傷無嗣。

In the middle grade of rich terrain, the 'Lion' shape signifies wealth and also signifies honor. A mountain shaped like a lion has a square face, a large head, a slender waist, a broad tail, and a heavy front and light back, belonging to the category of turbid forms in the 'Saturn' type. This terrain is suitable when it appears slightly distant or at the water mouth. The top grade dragon signifies people who are physically strong and wealthy, capable of taking charge, and enjoying great happiness and longevity; the middle grade dragon signifies great wealth with minor honor; and the low grade dragon signifies people who are rough and poor. In the middle grade of rich terrain, the 'Bowed Tiger' shape is a star peak that is majestic and shaped like a tiger lying down. It belongs to the category of thick and tall forms in the 'Saturn' type. The star peak should have luster, with a round and proper head and feet, which is considered auspicious. The top grade dragon signifies continuous fields and also minor honor and martial skills; the middle grade dragon signifies women having miscarriages and family theft, having wealth but poor family conduct; and the low grade dragon signifies being injured by a tiger and losing descendants.

中格富砂駱駝者，星峰秀麗，有似馬形。以駝有峰穎異，尤貴於馬。此格可貴可富，尤看旁星相應何如耳。上格龍主富貴雙全。中格龍主小富，多生魁偉享福之人。賤龍主貧困而濁。下格賤砂探頭砂者，小山在大山之外，或居其上，或在其旁，如小人攢頭窺伺。斜側不正，賊寇之象也。上格龍主家常有失竊。中格龍主招賊入屋。賤龍主出人為寇盜。

In the middle rank of rich sand formations, the "Camel" is a star peak that is elegant and beautiful, shaped like a horse. Because the camel has fleshy humps on its back, its form is more peculiar than that of a horse, so it is more valuable than the horse shape. This formation can bring both wealth and honor, but the key is to see what other star peaks are nearby and correspond with it. The top rank dragon formation brings both wealth and honor; the middle rank dragon brings small wealth and often produces people with strong and imposing appearances who enjoy a peaceful and comfortable life; the low rank dragon indicates poverty and a degenerate family atmosphere. In the lower rank of poor sand formations, the "Peeping Sand" is a small mountain outside a large mountain, or lying on top of a large mountain, or leaning against a large mountain, resembling a small person peeking and secretly watching; its shape is crooked and not upright, which is a symbol of thieves. The top rank dragon formation indicates frequent theft in the family; the middle rank dragon brings thieves into the house; the low rank dragon indicates family members themselves becoming thieves.

中格富砂櫃庫三格，其一為櫃，其二為庫，皆土星，主大富。若有貴峰而龍又貴者，主富貴兩全。龍穴小貴，亦主少財進身，買官納粟之職。第三格則以主星火土為祿，土為財，主大貴大富，不假別星為助。更有貴格龍穴，當主貴極人臣。但櫃庫要首尾高下勻停，而逆水肥滿，乃吉。若順水破碎，頭高尾低，則為破庫虛櫃，及棺槨之象，則為凶砂矣。上格龍主戶部及司財稅之官。中格龍主鉅富多蓄積。賤龍主衣食溫飽，定是居庫之人。

The "cabinet and storehouse" in the middle grade of rich terrain consists of three sections: the first is the cabinet, the second is the storehouse, both belonging to the "Earth Star," which signifies great wealth. If there is another noble peak coming towards it and also noble, it indicates both wealth and honor. If the dragon and well are only slightly noble, it signifies gaining official positions through financial contributions and purchasing official ranks. The third section is based on the main star's fire generating earth as "wealth" and earth as "wealth," indicating great honor and wealth, without needing assistance from other stars or peaks. If it coincides with a noble grade dragon and well, it will lead to supreme honor. However, the cabinet and storehouse require the beginning and end to be evenly high and low, and to appear thick and full against the water flow, which is auspicious. If it follows the water flow, is fragmented in shape, and has a high head and low tail, it becomes a broken storehouse and empty cabinet, resembling a coffin, which is inauspicious. The superior grade dragon indicates positions in the Ministry of Revenue or managing finances and taxation. The middle grade dragon indicates great wealth and substantial savings. The inferior grade dragon only signifies basic sustenance, and mostly refers to those who guard warehouses for others.

中格貴砂倉囷之形，多出於土星。亦有類金星者。故凡金星帶土體，及土星不方正者，皆謂之倉，小者謂之庫。凡倉庫所應，皆主富。龍穴貴者，則主公輔食邑之貴。連厫倉、陳積倉、百萬倉，皆能應藩鎮屯駐去處。陰陽二宅見之，亦主大富大貴。其它止是富砂。寄倉以其在外洋，故屬外郡。百萬倉有似御屏而不方正，差小者亦名萬石倉。此係大星辰，主大富，亦有貴，卻須形穴雄偉之地，而後可以當此。上格龍主食邑進爵，世享天福，敵國鉅富。中格龍主田連阡陌，納粟進職，糧冠郡邑。賤龍主濁富淫慾。

In the context of "Zhong Ge Gui Sha" (middle grade noble landforms), the terms "cang" and "qun" usually take their shape from the planet "Tǔxīng" (Saturn), but sometimes resemble "Jīnxīng" (Jupiter). Therefore, any form resembling Jupiter with a earthy body, or Saturn that is not square, is called "cang," and a smaller one is called "ku." Whenever these warehouse forms appear, they indicate wealth. If the coming dragon and the site are noble, they indicate officials of high rank, ministers, and those who enjoy hereditary fiefs. Forms such as "liánáo cang," "chénjī cang," and "bǎiwàn cang" correspond to places where military garrisons are stationed in the regional commanderies. If such forms appear in a grave or a residence, they indicate great wealth and high status. The "jì cang" (dependent warehouse) appears far out at sea, so it corresponds to distant commanderies. The "bǎiwàn cang" resembles an imperial screen but is not square, and a slightly smaller one is called "wànsì cang." These all belong to great celestial bodies, indicating great wealth and also noble status, but they must appear on a site with grand form and a noble site to be worthy of such a response. The top-grade dragon indicates being granted a hereditary fief and promotion in rank, enjoying heavenly blessings for generations, and wealth rivaling the state. The middle-grade dragon indicates vast fields, large grain production, and official appointments through grain contributions, with the amount of grain surpassing that of the entire commandery. The low-grade dragon only indicates wealth that is murky and leads to indulgence in lust.

下格賤砂流尸砂如葫蘆形，主溺死。蓋葫蘆有嘴，如頭頸之形。如有頸，下加腹故也。順水尤凶。上格龍主為官客死。中格龍主醫者傳名，多外死。賤龍主溺死。下格賤砂獻花砂兩腳飛開，中間開花，故曰獻花。專主女人淫濫。縱是龍穴貴，亦不免於風聲。上格龍主富貴而婦人淫濫，丑聲遠揚。中格龍主婦人淫濫。賤龍主娼妓。

In the lower grade of inferior terrain, the "flowing corpse sand" resembles a gourd, indicating drowning. The gourd has a mouth, like the neck of a person, and a neck, below which connects to the abdomen, resembling a floating corpse. If it flows with the water, it is even more dangerous. The upper grade dragon indicates a person who dies in another place while serving in official positions; the middle grade dragon indicates a person who becomes famous for medicine, but family members die in other places; the inferior dragon indicates drowning. In the lower grade of inferior terrain, the "offering flowers sand" is formed by two mountain feet spreading outward, with a central mound rising like a flower in bloom, hence called offering flowers, which specifically indicates women being promiscuous. Even if the dragon site is valuable, it cannot avoid scandals of licentiousness. The upper grade dragon indicates wealth and honor, but women are promiscuous, and their bad reputation spreads far; the middle grade dragon indicates women being promiscuous; the inferior dragon produces prostitutes.

下格賤砂此山欹斜尖利，內抱一小山，乃主抱養他人之子，或以無子而淫亂也。穴內不見則不忌。上格龍主抱養他人之子。中格龍主內亂不潔。賤龍主男女淫奔，及癆瘵之疾。下格賤砂墮胎砂者，墩阜適於兩開山腳之下也。主墮胎不育，及眼疾、過房、螟蛉之子。上格龍主富貴而墮胎不育，無嗣。中格龍主螟蛉、目疾、墮胎。賤龍主產難。

Below the superior grade, there is another type of inferior grade: a mountain that is slanting and sharp, yet holds a small mountain in its embrace, indicating that it may foster another person's son, or cause disorder due to lack of a son. If this feature is not visible from the site of the grave, there is no need to be concerned. The superior grade dragon indicates adoption of another's son; the middle grade dragon indicates internal disorder and family chaos; the inferior grade dragon indicates illicit love affairs and consumption disease. The 'abortion hill' in the inferior grade is a small mound exactly located at the foot of two separated hills, indicating abortion and infertility, as well as eye diseases, adoption, and fostering another's son. The superior grade dragon, although indicating wealth and status, leads to abortion and infertility and no descendants; the middle grade dragon indicates adoption of a foster son, eye disease, and abortion; the inferior grade dragon indicates difficult childbirth for women.

上格貴砂丹詔一名詔仙，卓立土星旁有小峰者是。又一格，以一字文星前生長峽，亦是。皆極貴。《經》云“才自回家復詔入，御書盈閣極榮顯。”上格龍主拜相，名垂清史，神仙。中格龍主文章科第，壽考延長。賤龍主清高康寧。上諸砂圖，不過載之為式而已。若夫形之妍媸，品物之繁庶，豈第筆端所能彷彿於萬一哉！惟守約以該博，由淺以究深，引而伸之，觸類而長之，則存乎其人耳。

The "Dan Zhao" in the upper grade of precious mountains is also called "Zhao Xian," referring to a standing "Tu Xing" (Earth Star) with a small peak beside it. Another grade is a "Wen Xing" (Literary Star) in the shape of a single character, with a long narrow ravine extending in front of it, which is also considered Dan Zhao. Both are highly valuable. The "Yu Sui Jing" says, "Only after returning home does the decree enter, with imperial calligraphy filling the hall, achieving great honor and fame." The superior grade dragon indicates a minister reaching the rank of prime minister, leaving a name in history, even becoming a deity. The middle grade dragon indicates success in the literary examinations and a long life. Even the inferior dragon suggests a person of high moral character and a peaceful life. All these mountain patterns are merely recorded as examples. As for the myriad variations in mountain shapes and the countless forms of natural objects, they cannot be fully described by words. One should first grasp the essential principles and then seek breadth, proceeding from simplicity to depth, extending these principles and applying them to similar situations. The full set of mountain patterns from the original book has been lost, and here only the titles and interpretations remain.