Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

宋華合比出奔衛。秋九月，大雩。楚薳罷帥師伐吳。冬，叔弓如楚。齊侯伐北燕。

Hua Hebi of Song fled to Wei. In autumn, in the ninth month, the great rain sacrifice was held. Wei Ba of Chu led an army to attack Wu. In winter, Shu Gong went to Chu. The Marquis of Qi attacked Northern Yan.

【傳】六年春，王正月，杞文公卒，吊如同盟，禮也。大夫如秦，葬景公，禮也。

[Commentary] In the sixth year, in spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, Duke Wen of Qi died, and condolences were offered as with an allied state, which accorded with ritual propriety. A grandee went to Qin to bury Duke Jing, which accorded with ritual propriety.

三月，鄭人鑄刑書。叔向使詒子產書，曰：“始吾有虞於子，今則已矣。昔先王議事以制，不為刑辟，懼民之有爭心也。猶不可禁御，是故閒之以義，糾之以政，行之以禮，守之以信，奉之以仁，製為祿位以勸其從，嚴斷刑罰以威其淫。

In the third month, the men of Zheng cast a penal code. Shu Xiang sent Zichan a letter, saying: “At first I had hopes for you, but now it is over. In the past the former kings weighed matters and made rulings and did not make penal laws, for fear that the people would develop a contentious spirit. Even so they could not prevent it, and so they guarded against it with righteousness, supervised it with government, carried it out with ritual, protected it with good faith and upheld it with benevolence, established emoluments and ranks to encourage compliance, and strictly determined punishments to intimidate the dissolute.

懼其未也，故誨之以忠，聳之以行，教之以務，使之以和，臨之以敬，蒞之以強，斷之以剛。猶求聖哲之上，明察之官，忠信之長，慈惠之師，民於是乎可任使也，而不生禍亂。民知有闢，則不忌於上，並有爭心，以徵於書，而徼倖以成之，弗可為矣。夏有亂政而作《禹刑》，商有亂政而作《湯刑》，周有亂政而作《九刑》，三辟之興，皆叔世也。今吾子相鄭國，作封洫，立謗政，制參闢，鑄刑書，將以靖民，不亦難乎？《詩》曰：‘儀式刑文王之德，日靖四方。’又曰：‘儀刑文王，萬邦作孚。’如是，何闢之有？民知爭端矣，將棄禮而徵於書。錐刀之末，將盡爭之。亂獄滋豐，賄賂並行，終子之世，鄭其敗乎！肸聞之，國將亡，必多制，其此之謂乎！”復書曰：“若吾子之言，僑不才，不能及子孫，吾以救世也。

Fearing that was still not enough, they instructed with loyalty, stirred with good conduct, taught through duties, employed with harmony, supervised with reverence, approached with strength, and decided with firmness. They also sought sage and wise superiors, discerning officials, loyal and trustworthy heads, and kind and gracious teachers, and the people could then be employed and put to work without giving rise to disorder. When the people know that there are laws, they do not fear their superiors, and moreover have a contentious spirit, citing the written texts and hoping to succeed by luck, and they cannot be governed. Xia had disordered government and made the Penal Code of Yu, Shang had disordered government and made the Penal Code of Tang, and Zhou had disordered government and made the Nine Penal Codes; the rise of all three codes was in a declining age. Now you, sir, assist Zheng, have made ditches and boundaries, established a government that invites slander, drawn up three kinds of law, and cast a penal code, and you will use it to bring peace to the people; will that not be difficult? The Odes say: ‘Take King Wen's virtue as the model, and daily bring peace to the four quarters.’ It also says: ‘Take King Wen as the model, and the ten thousand states will trust you.’ In this way, where would laws be? When the people know the grounds of dispute, they will abandon ritual and cite the written texts. They will contend to the last over the tip of an awl or knife. Disorderly lawsuits will increase all the more, bribery will go hand in hand, and in your generation Zheng will probably perish! I, Xi, have heard that when a state is about to perish, it surely makes many regulations; this is probably what is meant!” The reply said: “As you say, sir, I, Qiao, have no talent and cannot look after my descendants; I am doing this to save the age.

既不承命，敢忘大惠？”士文伯曰：“火見，鄭其火乎？火未出而作火以鑄刑器，藏爭闢焉。火如象之，不火何為？”夏，季孫宿如晉，拜莒田也。晉侯享之，有加籩。武子退，使行人告曰：“小國之事大國也，苟免於討，不敢求貺。得貺不過三獻。今豆有加，下臣弗堪，無乃戾也。”韓宣子曰：“寡君以為歡也。”對曰：“寡君猶未敢，況下臣，君之隸也，敢聞加貺？”固請徹加而後卒事。晉人以為知禮，重其好貨。

Since I cannot accept your instruction, how would I dare forget your great kindness?” Shi Wenbo said: “The Great Fire star has appeared; Zheng will probably have a fire? The fire has not yet come out, yet they use fire to cast penal instruments and store the laws of lawsuits. If fire symbolizes this, what could happen if not a fire?” In summer, Ji Sunsu went to Jin to give thanks for the fields of Ju. The Marquis of Jin held a banquet with an extra dish. Wuzi withdrew and sent an envoy to say: “A small state serving a great state, if it is spared from attack, does not dare to seek rewards. Rewards received do not exceed three offerings. Now the bowls have been added; your servant cannot accept this and fears it would be an offense.” Han Xuanzi said: “My lord regards it as a joy.” He replied: “My lord would not dare, much less your servant, who is only the king's lowly servant; how dare I hear of an increase in reward?” He insisted on having the addition removed before completing the matter. The men of Jin thought he knew ritual and increased the gifts.

宋寺人柳有寵，大子佐惡之。華合比曰：“我殺之。”柳聞之，乃坎、用牲、埋書，而告公曰：“合比將納亡人之族，既盟於北郭矣。”公使視之，有焉，遂逐華合比，合比奔衛。於是華亥欲代右師，乃與寺人柳比，從為之徵，曰“聞之久矣。”公使代之，見於左師，左師曰：“女夫也。必亡！女喪而宗室，於人何有？人亦於女何有？《詩》曰：‘宗子維城，毋俾城壞，毋獨斯畏。’女其畏哉！”六月丙戌，鄭災。

The eunuch Liu of Song was in favor, and Crown Prince Zuo hated him. Hua Hebi said: “I will kill him.” Liu heard of it, and so he dug a pit, used a sacrificial animal and buried a document, and told the duke: “Hebi is going to receive the clan of the exiles and has already made a covenant at the northern outskirts.” The duke sent people to look, and it was there, and so he expelled Hua Hebi, who fled to Wei. At this time Hua Hai wanted to replace the Right Master, and so colluded with the eunuch Liu, following him to testify for him, saying: “I heard of it long ago.” The duke let him replace him. He went to see the Left Master, who said: “You. You will surely perish! You have lost your own clan; what do you have with others? What do others have with you? The Odes say: ‘The heir of the clan is the wall; do not let the wall be destroyed, and do not be so afraid alone.’ You are probably afraid!” In the sixth month, on the day bingxu, there was a fire in Zheng.

楚公子棄疾如晉，報韓子也。過鄭，鄭罕虎、公孫僑、遊吉從鄭伯以勞諸柤。辭不敢見，固請見之，見，如見王，以其乘馬八匹私面。見子皮如上卿，以馬六匹。見子產，以馬四匹。見子大叔，以馬二匹。禁芻牧採樵，不入田，不樵樹，不採刈，不抽屋，不強匄。誓曰：“有犯命者，君子廢，小人降。”舍不為暴，主不慁賓。往來如是。鄭三卿皆知其將為王也。

Prince Qiji of Chu went to Jin to return Han Zi's visit. Passing through Zheng, Han Hu, Gongsun Qiao and You Ji of Zheng followed the Earl of Zheng to offer condolences at Zha. He declined, not daring to see them, but they insisted on seeing him; when they saw him, it was as if seeing a king, and he privately met them with a team of eight horses. He saw Zipi as if seeing a senior minister, with six horses. He saw Zichan with four horses. He saw Zi Dashu with two horses. He forbade foraging, grazing and gathering firewood, not entering the fields, not cutting trees, not gathering or reaping, not pulling out thatch, and not forcibly begging. He swore: “Whoever violates this order, if a gentleman will be dismissed, if a commoner will be demoted.” Where he lodged he did no violence, and the host was not troubled by the guest. This was so both coming and going. The three ministers of Zheng all knew that he would become king.

韓宣子之適楚也，楚人弗逆。公子棄疾及晉竟，晉侯將亦弗逆。叔向曰：“楚闢我衷，若何效闢？《詩》曰：‘爾之教矣，民胥效矣。’從我而已，焉用效人之闢？《書》曰：‘聖作則。’無寧以善人為則，而則人之闢乎？匹夫為善，民猶則之，況國君乎？”晉侯說，乃逆之。

When Han Xuanzi went to Chu, the men of Chu did not go to meet him. When Prince Qiji reached the border of Jin, the Marquis of Jin was also not going to meet him. Shu Xiang said: “Chu is crooked and we are upright; why imitate the crooked? The Odes say: ‘Your teachings, the people all follow.’ It is enough to follow ourselves; why imitate others' crookedness? The Book of Documents says: ‘The sage establishes the standard.’ Would you rather take good people as the standard, or imitate others' crookedness? When a commoner does good, the people still follow, how much more a ruler?” The Marquis of Jin was pleased and so went to meet him.

秋九月，大雩，旱也。

In autumn, in the ninth month, the great rain sacrifice was held because of drought.

徐儀楚聘於楚。楚子執之，逃歸。懼其叛也，使薳洩伐徐。吳人救之。令尹子蕩帥師伐吳，師於豫章，而次於乾溪。吳人敗其師於房鍾，獲宮廄尹棄疾。子蕩歸罪於薳洩而殺之。

Xu Yichu went to Chu on a visit. The Viscount of Chu arrested him, and he fled back. Fearing that he would rebel, Chu sent Wei Xie to attack Xu. Wu rescued it. The Prime Minister Zidang led an army to attack Wu; the army was at Yuzhang and encamped at Qianxi. The men of Wu defeated his army at Fangzhong and captured Qiji, Chief of the Palace Stables. Zidang laid the blame on Wei Xie and killed him.

冬，叔弓如楚聘，且吊敗也。

In winter, Shu Gong went to Chu on a visit and also offered condolences for the defeat.

十一月，齊侯如晉，請伐北燕也。士匄相士鞅，逆諸河，禮也。晉侯許之。

In the eleventh month, the Marquis of Qi went to Jin and asked to attack Northern Yan. Shi Gai assisted Shi Yang and met him at the Yellow River, which accorded with ritual propriety. The Marquis of Jin gave permission.

十二月，齊侯遂伐北燕，將納簡公。晏子曰：“不入。燕有君矣，民不貳。吾君賄，左右諂諛，作大事不以信，未嘗可也。”

In the twelfth month, the Marquis of Qi then attacked Northern Yan and was going to restore Duke Jian. Yanzi said: “You cannot get in. Yan has a ruler now, and the people have no divided heart. Our ruler is greedy for bribes, and those around him flatter; undertaking great affairs without good faith has never succeeded.”

【經】七年春王正月，暨齊平。三月，公如楚。叔孫婼如齊蒞盟。夏四月甲辰朔，日有食之。秋八月戊辰，衛侯惡卒。九月，公至自楚。冬十有一月癸未，季孫宿卒。十有二月癸亥，葬衛襄公。

[Classic] In the seventh year, in spring, in the first month by the Zhou king's calendar, peace was made with Qi. In the third month, Duke Zhao went to Chu. Shusun Chuo went to Qi to take part in a covenant. In summer, in the fourth month, on the first day, jiachen, there was an eclipse of the sun. In autumn, in the eighth month, on the day wuchen, E, the Marquis of Wei, died. In the ninth month, Duke Zhao returned from Chu. In winter, in the eleventh month, on the day guiwei, Ji Sunsu died. In the twelfth month, on the day guihai, Duke Xiang of Wei was buried.

【傳】七年春，王正月，暨齊平，齊求之也。癸巳，齊侯次於虢。燕人行成，曰：“敝邑知罪，敢不聽命？先君之敝器，請以謝罪。”公孫皙曰：“受服而退，俟釁而動，可也。”二月戊午，盟於濡上。燕人歸燕姬，賂以瑤甕、玉櫝、鬥耳，不克而還。

[Commentary] In the seventh year, in spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, peace was made with Qi, which Qi sought. On the day guisi, the Marquis of Qi encamped at Guo. The men of Yan sought peace, saying: “Our humble state knows its offense; how would it dare not obey the command? The worn-out vessels of our former lord, please accept them as an apology.” Gongsun Xi said: “Accept their submission and withdraw, and move again when there is an opening; that will do.” In the second month, on the day wuwu, they made a covenant at Ru Shang. The men of Yan returned Yan Ji and bribed with a jade urn, a jade case and a dou-eared vessel, and not succeeding, they went back.

楚子之為令尹也，為王旌以田。芋尹無宇斷之，曰：“一國兩君，其誰堪之？”及即位，為章華之宮，納亡人以實之。無宇之閽入焉。無宇執之，有司弗與，曰：“執人於王宮，其罪大矣。”執而謁諸王。王將飲酒，無宇辭曰：“天子經略，諸侯正封，古之制也。封略之內，何非君土？食土之毛，誰非君臣？故《詩》曰：‘普天之下，莫非王土。率土之濱，莫非王臣。’天有十日，人有十等，下所以事上，上所以共神也。故王臣公，公臣大夫，大夫臣士，士臣皂，皂臣輿，輿臣隸，隸臣僚，僚臣僕，僕臣臺。馬有圉，牛有牧，以待百事。今有司曰：‘女胡執人於王宮？’將焉執之？周文王之法曰：‘有亡，荒閱’，所以得天下也。吾先君文王，作僕區之法，曰：‘盜所隱器，與盜同罪’，所以封汝也。若從有司，是無所執逃臣也。逃而舍之，是無陪臺也。王事無乃闕乎？昔武王數紂之罪，以告諸侯曰：‘紂為天下逋逃主，萃淵藪’，故夫致死焉。君王始求諸侯而則紂，無乃不可乎？若以二文之法取之，盜有所在矣。”王曰：“取而臣以往，盜有寵，未可得也。”遂赦之。

When the Viscount of Chu was Prime Minister, he went hunting with the king's banners. Wu Yu, the Yun Yin, cut them off, saying: “One state with two rulers; who can bear it?” When he took the throne, he built the Zhanghua Palace and took in fugitives to fill it. Wu Yu's gatekeeper went in. Wu Yu arrested him, but the officials would not give him up, saying: “To arrest someone in the king's palace is a grave offense.” They arrested him and took him to see the king. The king was about to drink wine, and Wu Yu stated his case: “The Son of Heaven administers and surveys the land, and the lords set right their borders; this is the ancient institution. Within the borders, where is there land that is not the ruler's? Those who eat the produce of the land, who is not a ruler's subject? Therefore the Odes say: ‘Under the whole sky, there is no land that is not the king's. Along the land to the sea, there is no one who is not the king's subject.’ Heaven has ten suns, and humans have ten ranks, by which the lower serve the upper and the upper serve the spirits. So the king takes dukes as subjects, dukes take grandees as subjects, grandees take officers as subjects, officers take zao as subjects, zao take yu as subjects, yu take li as subjects, li take liao as subjects, liao take pu as subjects, and pu take tai as subjects. Horses have grooms and cattle have herdsmen, to deal with the hundred matters. Now the officials say: ‘Why did you arrest someone in the king's palace?’ Where else would one arrest him? The law of King Wen of Zhou said: ‘If there are fugitives, search them out thoroughly,’ and so he gained the world. Our former lord King Wen made the law of Puqu, saying: ‘Those who conceal what a thief has hidden are guilty of the same crime as the thief,’ and so he was enfeoffed at Ru. If we followed the officials, there would be nowhere to arrest runaway servants. If runaways were simply abandoned, there would be no menials left. The king's affairs would probably be lacking. In the past, when King Wu listed the crimes of Zhou, he told the lords: ‘Zhou is the master of the fugitives of the world, gathering them in a deep marsh,’ and so people fought to the death. When you, my king, begin to seek the lords but imitate Zhou, I fear that will not do. If you take according to the law of the two King Wens, then the thief has a place to be found.” The king said: “Take your servant and go; the thief is favored and still cannot be caught.” So he pardoned him.

楚子成章華之臺，願與諸侯落之。大宰薳啟強曰：“臣能得魯侯。”薳啟強來召公，辭曰：“昔先君成公，命我先大夫嬰齊曰：‘吾不忘先君之好，將使衡父照臨楚國，鎮撫其社稷，以輯寧爾民’。嬰齊受命於蜀，奉承以來，弗敢失隕，而致諸宗祧。日我先君共王，引領北望，日月以冀。傳序相授，於今四王矣。嘉惠未至，唯襄公之辱臨我喪。孤與其二三臣，悼心失圖，社稷之不皇，況能懷思君德！今君若步玉趾，辱見寡君，寵靈楚國，以信蜀之役，致君之嘉惠，是寡君既受貺矣，何蜀之敢望？其先君鬼神，實嘉賴之，豈唯寡君？君若不來，使臣請問行期，寡君將承質幣而見於蜀，以請先君之貺。”

The Viscount of Chu completed the Zhanghua Terrace and hoped to hold the inauguration with the lords. The Grand Steward Wei Qijiang said: “Your servant can obtain the Marquis of Lu.” Wei Qijiang came to summon Duke Zhao and stated: “In the past our former lord Duke Cheng commanded our late grandee Yingqi: ‘I will not forget the friendship of my former lord, and will have Hengfu shine upon Chu, pacify the altars of the state, and bring peace to your people.’ Yingqi received the command at Shu, upheld it ever since without daring to let it fall, and delivered it to the ancestral temple. In former days our former lord King Gong stretched his neck and looked north, day after day and month after month. Handing down and receiving, now four kings have passed. The gracious favor has not yet arrived, but only Duke Xiang deigned to attend our funeral. I and two or three ministers were grieved to the heart and lost our wits, unable to look after even the altars of the state, how much less to remember the king's virtue! Now if the king would take a step of his jade foot, deign to see my lord, bestow favor upon Chu, restate the battle of Shu, and deliver the king's gracious favor, then my lord will have already received a reward, and would we still dare hope for Shu? The spirits of our former lords will truly be grateful, not only my lord. If the king does not come, the envoy asks for the date of departure, and my lord will carry the pledge of silk to meet at Shu, to seek the reward of the former lords.”

公將往，夢襄公祖。梓慎曰：“君不果行。襄公之適楚也，夢周公祖而行。

Duke Zhao was about to go, and dreamed that Duke Xiang was setting out to sacrifice to the god of the road. Zi Shen said: “My lord will in the end not set out. When Duke Xiang went to Chu, he dreamed that the Duke of Zhou set out to sacrifice to the god of the road and then left.

今襄公實祖，君其不行。”子服惠伯曰：“行。先君未嘗適楚，故周公祖以道之。

Now Duke Xiang is actually setting out to sacrifice to the god of the road, and my lord should not go.” Zifu Huibo said: “Go. The former lord had never been to Chu, so the Duke of Zhou set out to sacrifice to the god of the road to guide him.

襄公適楚矣，而祖以道君，不行，何之？”三月，公如楚，鄭伯勞於師之梁。孟僖子為介，不能相儀。及楚，不能答郊勞。

Duke Xiang has already been to Chu, and yet he sets out to sacrifice to the god of the road to guide my lord; if he does not go, where will he go?” In the third month, Duke Zhao went to Chu, and the Earl of Zheng offered condolences at Shizhiliang. Meng Xizi was his deputy but could not assist in the ritual. When they reached Chu, he could not respond to the welcome in the suburbs.

夏四月甲辰朔，日有食之。晉侯問於士文伯曰：“誰將當日食？”對曰：“魯、衛惡之，衛大魯小。”公曰：“何故？”對曰：“去衛地，如魯地。於是有災，魯實受之。其大咎，其衛君乎？魯將上卿。”公曰：“《詩》所謂‘彼日而食，於何不臧’者，何也？”對曰：“不善政之謂也。國無政，不用善，則自取謫於日月之災，故政不可不慎也。務三而已，一曰擇人，二曰因民，三曰從時。”

In summer, in the fourth month, on the first day, jiachen, there was an eclipse of the sun. The Marquis of Jin asked Shi Wenbo: “Who will bear the eclipse?” He replied: “Lu and Wei will suffer ill fortune, Wei the greater and Lu the smaller.” The duke said: “What is the reason?” He replied: “It left the region of Wei and reached the region of Lu. At this time there is calamity, and Lu will actually bear it. The great misfortune will probably fall on the ruler of Wei? In Lu it will be the senior minister.” The duke said: “What are the words of the Odes, ‘That eclipse of the sun, why is it not good’?” He replied: “It speaks of bad government. When a state has no government and does not employ good people, it brings reproof on itself from the calamities of the sun and moon, and so government must be handled with care. One only needs to devote oneself to three things: first, choosing people; second, following the people; third, complying with the seasons.”

晉人來治杞田，季孫將以成與之。謝息為孟孫守，不可。曰：“人有言曰：‘雖有挈瓶之知，守不假器，禮也’。夫子從君，而守臣喪邑，雖吾子亦有猜焉。”

The men of Jin came to settle the fields of Qi, and Ji Sun was going to give them Cheng. Xie Xi, who was guarding it for Meng Sun, did not agree, saying: “There is a saying: ‘Even with only the wisdom of one who carries a jar, one guards it and does not lend the vessel; this is ritual.’ The master follows the ruler; if the guard minister loses the city, even you, sir, will be suspected.”

季孫曰：“君之在楚，於晉罪也。又不聽晉，魯罪重矣。晉師必至，吾無以待之，不如與之，間晉而取諸杞。吾與子桃，成反，誰敢有之？是得二成也。魯無憂而孟孫益邑，子何病焉？”辭以無山，與之萊、柞，乃遷於桃。晉人為杞取成。

Ji Sun said: “The ruler being in Chu is an offense to Jin. If we also do not obey Jin, Lu's offense will be even heavier. The army of Jin will surely come, and I have nothing with which to meet it; it is better to give it, and when Jin has an opening, take it back from Qi. I will give you Tao, and Cheng will return; who would dare hold it? This is gaining two Chengs. Lu has no worries and Meng Sun gains a city; what are you worried about?” He declined on the ground that Tao had no mountains, and was given Lai and Zuo, and so moved to Tao. The men of Jin took Cheng for Qi.

楚子享公於新臺，使長鬛者相，好以大屈。既而悔之。薳啟強聞之，見公。

The Viscount of Chu held a banquet for Duke Zhao at Xintai, had a long-bearded man serve as attendant, and used the great Qu bow to show friendship. Afterward he regretted it. Wei Qijiang heard of it and went to see Duke Zhao.

公語之，拜賀。公曰：“何賀？對曰：“齊與晉、越欲此久矣。寡君無適與也，而傳諸君，君其備禦三鄰。慎守寶矣，敢不賀乎？”公懼，乃反之。

Duke Zhao told him, and he bowed and congratulated him. Duke Zhao said: “What do you congratulate me on?” He replied: “Qi, Jin and Yue have wanted this for a long time. My lord had no one suitable to give it to, but passed it to you, my king, who should still guard against the three neighbors. Carefully guard the treasure; how would I dare not congratulate you?” Duke Zhao was afraid and so returned it.

鄭子產聘於晉。晉侯疾，韓宣子逆客，私焉，曰：“寡君寢疾，於今三月矣，並走群望，有加而無瘳。今夢黃熊入於寢門，其何厲鬼也？”對曰：“以君之明，子為大政，其何厲之有？昔堯殛鯀於羽山，其神化為黃熊，以入於羽淵，實為夏郊，三代祀之。晉為盟主，其或者未之祀也乎？”韓子祀夏郊，晉侯有間，賜子產莒之二方鼎。

Zichan of Zheng went to Jin on a visit. The Marquis of Jin was ill, and Han Xuanzi welcomed the guest and said privately: “My lord has been ill in bed for three months now, has visited all the sacred sites, and grown worse rather than better. Now he has dreamed that a yellow bear entered the bedchamber gate; what malevolent ghost is this?” He replied: “With your lord's enlightenment and you holding the great government, how could there be a malevolent ghost? In the past Yao executed Gun at Mount Yu, and his spirit turned into a yellow bear and entered the Yu abyss; he is in fact the object of the suburban sacrifice of Xia, which the Three Dynasties sacrificed to. Jin is the lord of covenants; perhaps it has not yet sacrificed to him?” Han Zi sacrificed at the suburban sacrifice of Xia, and the Marquis of Jin's illness improved for a time, and he gave Zichan two square tripods of Ju.

子產為豐施歸州田於韓宣子，曰：“日君以夫公孫段為能任其事，而賜之州田，今無祿早世，不獲久享君德。其子弗敢有，不敢以聞於君，私致諸子。”宣子辭。子產曰：“古人有言曰：‘其父析薪，其子弗克負荷’。施將懼不能任其先人之祿，其況能任大國之賜？縱吾子為政而可，後之人若屬有疆場之言，敝邑獲戾，而豐氏受其大討。吾子取州，是免敝邑於戾，而建置豐氏也。敢以為請。”

Zichan, on behalf of Feng Shi, returned the fields of Zhou to Han Xuanzi, saying: “In former days your lord considered that Gongsun Duan could handle affairs and gave him the fields of Zhou; now he has died early without emolument and could not long enjoy your lord's virtue. His son does not dare keep it and does not dare let your lord hear of it, and privately sends it to you.” Xuanzi declined. Zichan said: “The ancients had a saying: ‘When the father splits the firewood, the son cannot bear the load.’ Shi fears he will not be able to bear his ancestors' emolument, how much less a great state's gift? Even if you, sir, are in government, it may be acceptable, but if later people happen to have a border dispute, our humble state will be blamed and the Feng clan will be heavily punished. If you take Zhou, it spares our humble state from blame and establishes a place for the Feng clan. I venture to request this.”

宣子受之，以告晉侯。晉侯以與宣子。宣子為初言，病有之，以易原縣於樂大心。

Xuanzi accepted and informed the Marquis of Jin. The Marquis of Jin gave it to Xuanzi. Xuanzi, because of his earlier words, was troubled at possessing it, and exchanged it with Yue Daxin for the county of Yuan.

鄭人相驚以伯有，曰“伯有至矣”，則皆走，不知所往。鑄刑書之歲二月，或夢伯有介而行，曰：“壬子，餘將殺帶也。明年壬寅，餘又將殺段也。”及壬子，駟帶卒，國人益懼。齊、燕平之月壬寅，公孫段卒。國人愈懼。其明月，子產立公孫洩及良止以撫之，乃止。子大叔問其故，子產曰：“鬼有所歸，乃不為厲，吾為之歸也。”大叔曰：“公孫洩何為？”子產曰：“說也。為身無義而圖說，從政有所反之，以取媚也。不媚，不信。不信，民不從也。”

The men of Zheng frightened one another with Bo You, saying “Bo You has come,” and all ran, not knowing where to go. In the second month of the year the penal code was cast, someone dreamed of Bo You walking in armor, saying: “On renzi I will kill Dai. Next year on renyin I will kill Duan.” When renzi came, Si Dai died, and the people of the state were more afraid. In the month that Qi and Yan made peace, on renyin, Gongsun Duan died. The people of the state were still more afraid. The next month, Zichan installed Gongsun Xie and Liang Zhi to pacify him, and then it stopped. Zi Dashu asked the reason, and Zichan said: “When a ghost has a place to go, it does not become malevolent; I gave him a place to go.” Dashu said: “What was Gongsun Xie for?” Zichan said: “To please. Having no righteousness in oneself yet seeking to please, in government one sometimes turns to ingratiation. Without ingratiation, there is no trust. Without trust, the people do not follow.”

及子產適晉，趙景子問焉，曰：“伯有猶能為鬼乎？”子產曰：“能。人生始化曰魄，既生魄，陽曰魂。用物精多，則魂魄強。是以有精爽，至於神明。匹夫匹婦強死，其魂魄猶能馮依於人，以為淫厲，況良霄，我先君穆公之胄，子良之孫，子耳之子，敝邑之卿，從政三世矣。鄭雖無腆，抑諺曰‘蕞爾國’，而三世執其政柄，其用物也弘矣，其取精也多矣。其族又大，所馮厚矣。而強死，能為鬼，不亦宜乎？”子皮之族飲酒無度，故馬師氏與子皮氏有惡。齊師還自燕之月，罕朔殺罕魋。

When Zichan went to Jin, Zhao Jingzi asked him: “Can Bo You still become a ghost?” Zichan said: “He can. When a person's life begins to change, it is called po, and when po has been born, the yang part is called hun. When the essence of what one uses is abundant, hun and po are strong. Therefore there is spiritual vigor, reaching the divine and bright. Even ordinary men and women who die by violence can have hun and po that still attach to others and become malevolent spirits, how much more Liangxiao, a descendant of our former lord Duke Mu, grandson of Ziliang and son of Zier, a minister of our humble state, in government for three generations. Although Zheng is not rich, as the proverb says, ‘a tiny state,’ yet for three generations he held the reins of government, used great resources and took much essence. His clan is also large, and what he leaned on is substantial. And yet he died violently; could he not become a ghost, as is only fitting?” The clan of Zipi drank without restraint, and so the Mashi clan and the Zipi clan were on bad terms. In the month the Qi army returned from Yan, Han Shuo killed Han Tui.

罕朔奔晉。韓宣子問其位於子產。子產曰：“君之羈臣，苟得容以逃死，何位之敢擇？卿違，從大夫之位，罪人以其罪降，古之制也。朔於敝邑，亞大夫也，其官，馬師也。獲戾而逃，唯執政所置之。得免其死，為惠大矣，又敢求位？”宣子為子產之敏也，使從嬖大夫。

Han Shuo fled to Jin. Han Xuanzi asked Zichan about his rank. Zichan said: “If an official of the king's, a bridled retainer, can be taken in to escape death, how dare he choose any rank? When a minister leaves, he follows the rank of a grandee, and a criminal is lowered according to the crime; this is the ancient institution. Shuo in our humble state was a lower grandee, and his office was Master of the Horse. Having been found guilty and fled, he is to be settled only as the one in government decides. That he can escape death is already a great kindness; how dare he seek a rank?” Xuanzi, because of Zichan's quickness, had him follow the favored grandees.

秋八月，衛襄公卒。晉大夫言於範獻子曰：“衛事晉為睦，晉不禮焉，庇其賊人而取其地，故諸侯貳。《詩》曰：‘鶺鴒在原，兄弟急難。’又曰：‘死喪之威，兄弟孔懷。’兄弟之不睦，於是乎不弔，況遠人，誰敢歸之？今又不禮於衛之嗣，衛必叛我，是絕諸侯也。”獻子以告韓宣子。宣子說，使獻子如衛吊，且反戚田。

In autumn, in the eighth month, Duke Xiang of Wei died. A grandee of Jin said to Fan Xianzi: “Wei has served Jin in harmony, but Jin has not treated it with ritual, has sheltered traitors and taken their land, and so the lords have divided hearts. The Odes say: ‘The wagtail is in the fields; brothers rescue one another in distress.’ It also says: ‘The dread of death and mourning, brothers care deeply.’ If brothers are not in harmony and so do not offer condolences, how much less people from afar; who would dare submit? Now if we again do not treat the heir of Wei with ritual, Wei will surely turn against us, and this is cutting off the lords.” Xianzi told Han Xuanzi. Xuanzi was pleased and sent Xianzi to Wei to offer condolences and return the fields of Qi.

衛齊惡告喪於周，且請命。王使成簡公如衛吊，且追命襄公曰：“叔父陟恪，在我先王之左右，以佐事上帝。餘敢高圉、亞圉？”九月，公至自楚。孟僖子病不能相禮，乃講學之，苟能禮者從之。及其將死也，召其大夫曰：“禮，人之幹也。無禮，無以立。吾聞將有達者曰孔丘，聖人之後也，而滅於宋。其祖弗父何，以有宋而授厲公。及正考父，佐戴、武、宣，三命茲益共。故其鼎銘云：‘一命而僂，再命而傴，三命而俯。循牆而走，亦莫餘敢侮。饘於是，鬻於是，以糊餘口。’其共也如是。臧孫紇有言曰：‘聖人有明德者，若不當世，其後必有達人。’今其將在孔丘乎？我若獲沒，必屬說與何忌於夫子，使事之，而學禮焉，以定其位。”故孟懿子與南宮敬叔師事仲尼。

Qi E of Wei reported the death to Zhou and asked for a ritual commission. The king sent Duke Jian of Cheng to Wei to offer condolences and posthumously commissioned Duke Xiang, saying: “Uncle has ascended to Heaven and is at the side of our former kings, assisting in serving the Lord on High. How would I dare compare him to Gaoyu or Yayu?” In the ninth month, Duke Zhao returned from Chu. Meng Xizi was troubled that he had been unable to assist in ritual, and so he studied and practiced it, following anyone who was skilled in ritual. When he was about to die, he summoned his grandees and said: “Ritual is the trunk of a person. Without ritual, there is nothing with which to establish oneself. I have heard that there will be a man of great understanding called Kong Qiu, a descendant of sages, whose family perished in Song. His ancestor Fufu He possessed Song but gave it to Duke Li. By the time of Zheng Kaofu, he assisted Dai, Wu and Xuan, and with each of three appointments grew more respectful. Therefore the inscription on the tripod says: ‘At the first appointment he bowed his back, at the second he stooped, at the third he bent low. He walked along the wall, and no one dared insult me. Here I eat thick gruel and here thin gruel, to fill my mouth.’ Such was his respect. Zang Sun He had a saying: ‘If a sage has bright virtue but does not hold office in his age, among his descendants there will surely be a man of great understanding.’ Now this will probably be in Kong Qiu? If I am able to die well, I will certainly entrust Shuo and Heji to the master, so that they serve him and learn ritual, in order to secure their positions.” And so Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu took Zhongni (Confucius) as their teacher.

仲尼曰：“能補過者，君子也。《詩》曰：‘君子是則是效。’孟僖子可則效已矣。”

Zhongni said: “One who can make up for faults is a gentleman. The Odes say: ‘The gentleman is the model and the example.’ Meng Xizi can be taken as a model and example.”

單獻公棄親用羈。冬十月辛酉，襄、頃之族殺獻公而立成公。

Duke Xian of Shan abandoned his kin and used travelers. In winter, in the tenth month, on the day xinyou, the clans of Xiang and Qing killed Duke Xian and installed Duke Cheng.

十一月，季武子卒。晉侯謂伯瑕曰：“吾所問日食，從矣，可常乎？”對曰：“不可。六物不同，民心不一，事序不類，官職不則，同始異終，胡可常也？《詩》曰：‘或燕燕居息，或憔悴事國。’其異終也如是。”公曰：“何謂六物？”對曰：“歲、時、日、月、星、辰，是謂也。”公曰：“多語寡人辰，而莫同。

In the eleventh month, Ji Wuzi died. The Marquis of Jin said to Bo Xia: “What I asked about the eclipse has come true; can this be constant?” He replied: “No. When the six things differ, the people's hearts are not one, the order of affairs is not alike, official posts are not regulated, and beginning is the same but end is different; how can it be constant? The Odes say: ‘Some rest at ease, and some are worn out serving the state.’ The end being different is like this.” The duke said: “What are the six things?” He replied: “The year, the season, the day, the moon, the stars and the chen; these are what is meant.” The duke said: “You have told me many times about chen, but there is no agreement.

何謂辰？”對曰：“日月之會，是謂辰，故以配日。”

What is chen?” He replied: “The meeting of the sun and moon is called chen, and so it is used to be paired with the day.”

衛襄公夫人姜氏無子，嬖人婤姶生孟縶。孔成子夢康叔謂己：“立元，餘使羈之孫圉與史苟相之。”史朝亦夢康叔謂己：“餘將命而子苟與孔烝鉏之曾孫圉相元。”史朝見成子，告之夢，夢協。晉韓宣子為政聘於諸侯之歲，婤姶生子，名之曰元。孟縶之足不良，能行。孔成子以《周易》筮之，曰：“元尚享衛國主其社稷。”遇《屯》ⅴⅲ。又曰：“餘尚立縶，尚克嘉之。”遇《屯》ⅴⅲ之比ⅴⅱ。以示史朝。史朝曰：‘元亨’，又何疑焉？”成子曰：“非長之謂乎？”對曰：“康叔名之，可謂長矣。孟非人也，將不列於宗，不可謂長。且其繇曰‘利建侯’。嗣吉，何建？建非嗣也。二卦皆云，子其建之。康叔命之，二筮襲於夢，武王所用也，弗從何為？弱足者居，侯主社稷，臨祭祀，奉民人，事民人，鬼神，從會朝，又焉得居？各以所利，不亦可乎？”故孔成子立靈公。

Duke Xiang of Wei's wife Lady Jiang had no son, and his favored concubine Zhouqi bore Meng Zhi. Kong Chengzi dreamed that Kang Shu said to him: “Install Yuan, and I will have Yu, the grandson of Ji, and Shi Gou assist him.” Shi Chao also dreamed that Kang Shu said to him: “I will order your son Gou and Yu, the great-grandson of Kong Zhengchu, to assist Yuan.” Shi Chao saw Chengzi and told him the dream, and the dreams matched. In the year Han Xuanzi of Jin was in government and the lords came on visits, Zhouqi bore a son and he was named Yuan. Meng Zhi's foot was bad, but he could walk. Kong Chengzi divined with the Book of Changes, saying: “I hope Yuan will possess Wei and preside over its altars.” He got Zhun. He also said: “I would still like to install Zhi, and hope it will be approved.” He got Zhun changing to Bi. He showed it to Shi Chao. Shi Chao said: “‘Primal, penetrating’; what more is there to doubt?” Chengzi said: “Does it not speak of the elder?” He replied: “Kang Shu named him, so it can be said he is the elder. Meng is not a complete person and will not be ranked in the clan, so he cannot be called the elder. Moreover the line text says ‘beneficial to establish a marquis.’ If he were to succeed to the position, what would be established? Establishing is not succeeding. Both hexagrams speak in this way, and you should simply establish him. Kang Shu's order, with two divinations coinciding with the dream, is what King Wu used; what is there not to follow? A man with weak feet dwelling at home, a marquis presiding over the altars, attending the sacrifices, serving the people, serving the spirits, following the court meetings; how could he stay at home? Each according to what is beneficial for him; would that not also be acceptable?” And so Kong Chengzi installed Duke Ling.

十二月癸亥，葬衛襄公。

In the twelfth month, on the day guihai, Duke Xiang of Wei was buried.

【經】八年春，陳侯之弟招殺陳世子偃師。夏四月辛丑，陳侯溺卒。叔弓如晉。楚人執陳行人幹徵師殺之。陳公子留出奔鄭。秋，蒐於紅。陳人殺其大夫公子過。大雩，冬十月壬午，楚師滅陳。執陳公子招，放之於越。殺陳孔奐。葬陳哀公。

[Classic] In the eighth year, in spring, Zhao, the younger brother of the Marquis of Chen, killed Yanshi, the heir apparent of Chen. In summer, in the fourth month, on the day xinchou, Ni, the Marquis of Chen, died. Shu Gong went to Jin. The men of Chu arrested Gan Zhengshi, the envoy of Chen, and killed him. Prince Liu of Chen fled to Zheng. In autumn, a great hunt was held at Hong. The men of Chen killed their grandee Prince Guo. The great rain sacrifice was held. In winter, in the tenth month, on the day renwu, the Chu army destroyed Chen. They arrested Prince Zhao of Chen and exiled him to Yue. They killed Kong Huan of Chen. Duke Ai of Chen was buried.

【傳】八年春，石言於晉魏榆。晉侯問於師曠曰：“石何故言？”對曰：“石不能言，或馮焉。不然，民聽濫也。抑臣又聞之曰：‘作事不時，怨讟動於民，則有非言之物而言。’今宮室崇侈，民力凋盡，怨讟並作，莫保其性。石言，不亦宜乎？”於是晉侯方築虒祁之宮。叔向曰：“子野之言，君子哉！君子之言，信而有徵，故怨遠於其身。小人之言，僣而無徵，故怨咎及之。《詩》曰：‘哀哉不能言，匪舌是出，唯躬是瘁。哿矣能言，巧言如流，俾躬處休。’其是之謂乎？是宮也成，諸侯必叛，君必有咎，夫子知之矣。”

[Commentary] In the eighth year, in spring, a stone spoke at Weiyu in Jin. The Marquis of Jin asked Shi Kuang: “Why did the stone speak?” He replied: “A stone cannot speak; perhaps someone is possessing it. Otherwise, the people heard wrongly. But your servant has also heard: ‘When affairs are done out of season, and resentment and slander arise among the people, then things that should not speak will speak.’ Now the palaces are high and extravagant, the people's strength is exhausted, and resentment and slander break out together, and no one can preserve their lives. Is it not fitting that the stone speaks?” At this time the Marquis of Jin was building the Siqi Palace. Shu Xiang said: “Ziye's words are those of a gentleman! A gentleman's words are sincere and are borne out, and so resentment is far from him. A petty man's words are overstepping and are not borne out, and so blame falls upon him. The Odes say: ‘Alas, those who cannot speak, it is not the tongue that speaks, only their own selves that toil. Happy are those who can speak, with clever words flowing like a stream, keeping themselves in comfort.’ This is probably what is meant? When this palace is completed, the lords will surely turn away, and the king will surely have blame; the master knows this.”

陳哀公元妃鄭姬，生悼大子偃師，二妃生公子留，下妃生公子勝。二妃嬖，留有寵，屬諸徒招與公子過。哀公有廢疾。三月甲申，公子招、公子過殺悼大子偃師，而立公子留。

The principal consort of Duke Ai of Chen, Zheng Ji, bore Crown Prince Dao, Yanshi; the second consort bore Prince Liu, and the lesser consort bore Prince Sheng. The second consort was favored, and Liu was favored, and entrusted to Tu Zhao and Prince Guo. Duke Ai had a chronic illness. In the third month, on the day jiashen, Prince Zhao and Prince Guo killed Crown Prince Dao, Yanshi, and installed Prince Liu.

夏四月辛亥，哀公縊。幹徵師赴於楚，且告有立君。公子勝愬之於楚，楚人執而殺之。公子留奔鄭。書曰“陳侯之弟招殺陳世子偃師”，罪在招也；“楚人執陳行人幹徵師殺之”，罪不在行人也。

In summer, in the fourth month, on the day xinhai, Duke Ai hanged himself. Gan Zhengshi reported the death to Chu and also announced that a ruler had already been installed. Prince Sheng complained to Chu, and the men of Chu arrested Gan Zhengshi and killed him. Prince Liu fled to Zheng. The Annals records “Zhao, the younger brother of the Marquis of Chen, killed Yanshi, the heir apparent of Chen,” putting the guilt on Zhao; and “The men of Chu arrested Gan Zhengshi, the envoy of Chen, and killed him,” where the guilt does not lie with the envoy.

叔弓如晉，賀虒祁也。遊吉相鄭伯以如晉，亦賀虒祁也。史趙見子大叔，曰：“甚哉，其相蒙也！可吊也，而又賀之？”子大叔曰：“若何吊也？其非唯我賀，將天下實賀。”

Shu Gong went to Jin to congratulate it on the Siqi Palace. You Ji assisted the Earl of Zheng in going to Jin and also congratulated it on Siqi. Shi Zhao saw Zi Dashu and said: “This is going too far, deceiving one another! One could offer condolences, and yet one congratulates?” Zi Dashu said: “How can we offer condolences? Not only do we congratulate, but the whole world will.”

秋，大蒐於紅，自根牟至於商、衛，革車千乘。

In autumn, a great hunt was held at Hong, from Genmou reaching Shang and Wei, with a thousand war chariots.

七月甲戌，齊子尾卒，子旗欲治其室。丁丑，殺梁嬰。八月庚戌，逐子成、子工、子車，皆來奔，而立子良氏之宰。其臣曰：“孺子長矣，而相吾室，欲兼我也。”授甲，將攻之。陳桓子善於子尾，亦授甲，將助之。或告子旗，子旗不信。則數人告。將往，又數人告於道，遂如陳氏。桓子將出矣，聞之而還，遊服而逆之。請命，對曰：“聞強氏授甲將攻子，子聞諸？”曰：“弗聞。”“子盍亦授甲？無宇請從。”子旗曰：“子胡然？彼孺子也，吾誨之猶懼其不濟，吾又寵秩之。其若先人何？子盍謂之？《周書》曰：‘惠不惠，茂不茂。’康叔所以服弘大也。”桓子稽顙曰：“頃、靈福子，吾猶有望。”遂和之如初。

In the seventh month, on the day jiaxu, Ziwei of Qi died, and Ziqi wanted to put his household in order. On the day dingchou, he killed Liang Ying. In the eighth month, on the day gengxu, Zicheng, Zigong and Zijue were expelled and all came to seek refuge, and the steward of the Ziliang clan was installed. His servants said: “The young master has grown up and yet manages our household; he wants to take us over.” They issued armor and were about to attack. Chen Huanzi was on good terms with Ziwei, and also issued armor to help. Someone told Ziqi, who did not believe it. Several people told him. As he was about to go, several more told him on the road, and so he went to the Chen clan. Huanzi was about to set out, and when he heard, he returned and changed into informal clothes to meet him. He asked for instructions and was told: “I have heard that the Qiang clan has issued armor and is going to attack you; have you heard?” He said: “I have not.” “Why do you not issue armor too? Wu Yu asks to follow you.” Ziqi said: “Why do you act this way? He is a young man, and I fear that even teaching him he will not succeed, and I have given him favor and rank. What would I say to his ancestors? Why do you not go and speak to him? The Book of Zhou says: ‘Bestow kindness on the ungrateful, and encourage those who do not strive.’ This is why Kang Shu could be great.” Huanzi bowed his head to the ground and said: “Qing and Ling have bestowed blessings on you, and I still have hope.” So they reconciled as before.

陳公子招歸罪於公子過而殺之。九月，楚公子棄疾帥師奉孫吳圍陳，宋戴惡會之。冬十一月壬午，滅陳。輿嬖袁克，殺馬毀玉以葬。楚人將殺之，請置之。

Prince Zhao of Chen put the guilt on Prince Guo and killed him. In the ninth month, Prince Qiji of Chu led an army carrying Sun Wu to besiege Chen, and Dai E of Song joined. In winter, in the eleventh month, on the day renwu, Chen was destroyed. Yuan Ke, the favorite of the chariot, killed a horse and destroyed a jade to bury it. The men of Chu were about to kill him, and he asked for pardon.

既又請私，私於幄，加絰於顙而逃。使穿封戌為陳公，曰：“城麇之役，不諂。”

Then he asked again privately, in the tent, put a hemp mourning band on his forehead and fled. He sent Chuanfeng Xu to be Duke of Chen, saying: “In the battle at Chengjun, he did not flatter.”

侍飲酒於王，王曰：“城麇之役，女知寡人之及此，女其闢寡人乎？”對曰：“若知君之及此，臣必致死禮，以息楚國。”晉侯問於史趙，曰：“陳其遂亡乎？”對曰：“未也。”公曰：“何故？”對曰：“陳，顓頊之族也。歲在鶉火，是以卒滅，陳將如之。今在析木之津，猶將復由。且陳氏得政於齊而後陳卒亡。自幕至於瞽瞍，無違命。舜重之以明德，置德於遂，遂世守之。及胡公不淫，胡周賜之姓，使祀虞帝。臣聞盛德必百世祀，虞之世數未也。繼守將在齊，其兆既存矣。”

While attending the king at wine, the king said: “In the battle at Chengjun, if you had known that I would come to this, would you have avoided me?” He replied: “If I had known that you would come to this, I would certainly have fought to the death to uphold ritual in order to pacify Chu.” The Marquis of Jin asked Shi Zhao: “Has Chen then been destroyed?” He replied: “Not yet.” The duke said: “What is the reason?” He replied: “Chen is of the clan of Zhuanxu. Jupiter is in Chunhuo, and so it ends in perishing; Chen will be like that. Now it is at the Xi Mu ford, and will rise again. Moreover, only after the Chen clan gains government in Qi will Chen finally perish. From Mu to Gusou, they never disobeyed orders. Shun added bright virtue and settled virtue in Sui, which Sui kept for generations. When it came to Duke Hu, who was not licentious, Zhou gave him a surname and had him sacrifice to Emperor Yu. Your servant has heard that great virtue is surely sacrificed to for a hundred generations, and the generations of Yu have not yet reached that number. The continuation will be in Qi, and the omen already exists.”

【經】九年春，叔弓會楚子於陳。許遷於夷。夏四月，陳災。秋，仲孫玃如齊。冬，築郎囿。

[Classic] In the ninth year, in spring, Shu Gong met the Viscount of Chu at Chen. Xu moved to Yi. In summer, in the fourth month, there was a fire in Chen. In autumn, Zhongsun Jue went to Qi. In winter, the Lang Park was built.

【傳】九年春，叔弓、宋華亥、鄭遊吉、衛趙黶會楚子於陳。

[Commentary] In the ninth year, in spring, Shu Gong, Hua Hai of Song, You Ji of Zheng and Zhao Yan of Wei met the Viscount of Chu at Chen.

二月庚申，楚公子棄疾遷許於夷，實城父，取州來淮北之田以益之。伍舉授許男田。然丹遷城父人於陳，以夷濮西田益之。遷方城外人於許。

In the second month, on the day gengshen, Prince Qiji of Chu moved Xu to Yi, which is in fact Chengfu, and took the fields of Zhoulai north of the Huai to add to it. Wu Ju gave the Baron of Xu fields. Ran Dan moved the people of Chengfu to Chen and added the fields west of Yipu. The people from outside Fangcheng were moved to Xu.

周甘人與晉閻嘉爭閻田。晉梁丙、張趯率陰戎伐潁。王使詹桓伯辭於晉曰：“我自夏以後稷，魏、駘、芮、岐、畢，吾西土也。及武王克商，蒲姑、商奄，吾東土也；巴、濮、楚、鄧，吾南土也；肅慎、燕、亳，吾北土也。吾何邇封之有？文、武、成、康之建母弟，以蕃屏周，亦其廢隊是為，豈如弁髦而因以敝之？先王居檮杌於四裔，以御螭魅，故允姓之奸，居於瓜州，伯父惠公歸自秦，而誘以來，使逼我諸姬，入我郊甸，則戎焉取之。戎有中國，誰之咎也？后稷封殖天下，今戎制之，不亦難乎？伯父圖之。我在伯父，猶衣服之有冠冕，木水之有本原，民人之有謀主也。伯父若裂冠毀冕，拔本塞原，專棄謀主，雖戎狄其何有餘一人？”叔向謂宣子曰：“文之伯也，豈能改物？翼戴天子而加之以共。自文以來，世有衰德而暴滅宗周，以宣示其侈，諸侯之貳，不亦宜乎？且王辭直，子其圖之。”宣子說。

The men of Gan of Zhou and Yan Jia of Jin contested the fields of Yan. Liang Bing and Zhang Di of Jin led the Yin Rong to attack Ying. The king sent Zhan Huanbo to state the case to Jin: “Since Xia, we have relied on Hou Ji; Wei, Tai, Rui, Qi and Bi are our western lands. When King Wu conquered Shang, Pugu and Shang Yan were our eastern lands; Ba, Pu, Chu and Deng were our southern lands; Sushen, Yan and Bo were our northern lands. Where have we had near borders? Kings Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang established brothers born of the same mother as a screen for Zhou, also to prevent decline and fall; would they be thrown away after use like a cap and a boy's hair? The former kings placed Taowu in the four borderlands to resist the chimei, and so the treacherous men of the Yun surname lived at Guazhou. Your uncle Duke Hui returned from Qin and lured them here, letting them press on our Ji-surname states and enter our outskirts, and so the Rong gained ground. That the Rong possess the Central Plain, whose fault is it? Hou Ji planted the world, and now the Rong control it; is that not hard? Uncle, consider this. To us, uncle, we are as a robe has a cap, as trees and water have roots and sources, and as people have a strategist. If uncle splits the cap and ruins the crown, pulls up the root and blocks the source, and arbitrarily abandons the strategist, even if the Rong and Di do something, what is that to me, the one man?” Shu Xiang said to Xuanzi: “Duke Wen became hegemon, how could he change things? He supported the Son of Heaven and added reverence. Since Duke Wen, generation after generation there has been declining virtue and the violent destruction of the Zhou house in order to display extravagance, and so the lords have divided hearts; is that not fitting? Moreover the king's words are upright; you should plan.” Xuanzi was pleased.

王有姻喪，使趙成如周吊，且致閻田與襚，反潁俘。王亦使賓滑執甘大夫襄以說於晉，晉人禮而歸之。

The king had mourning for an in-law, and sent Zhao Cheng to Zhou to offer condolences, and also returned the fields of Yan and gave funeral garments, and returned the captives of Ying. The king also sent Bin Hua to arrest Xiang, Grand Master of Gan, to please Jin, and the men of Jin sent him back with ritual.

夏四月，陳災。鄭裨灶曰：“五年，陳將復封。封五十二年而遂亡。”子產問其故，對曰：“陳，水屬也，火，水妃也，而楚所相也。今火出而火陳，逐楚而建陳也。妃以五成，故曰五年。歲五及鶉火，而後陳卒亡，楚克有之，天之道也，故曰五十二年。”

In summer, in the fourth month, there was a fire in Chen. Bi Zao of Zheng said: “In five years, Chen will be enfeoffed again. After being enfeoffed for fifty-two years it will perish.” Zichan asked the reason, and he replied: “Chen belongs to water, and fire is the consort of water, and is what Chu is aided by. Now the Great Fire star has appeared and Chen has a fire; this is driving out Chu and establishing Chen. A consort is completed by five, and so I say five years. After Jupiter goes five times to Chunhuo, Chen will finally perish and Chu will be able to possess it; this is the principle of Heaven, so I say fifty-two years.”

晉荀盈如齊逆女，還，六月，卒於戲陽。殯於絳，未葬。晉侯飲酒，樂。膳宰屠蒯趨入，請佐公使尊，許之。而遂酌以飲工，曰：“女為君耳，將司聰也。

Xun Ying of Jin went to Qi to receive a new bride and, on returning, died in the sixth month at Xiyang. His coffin lay in Jiang and was not yet buried. The Marquis of Jin was drinking and making music. The Chief Cook Tu Kuai hurried in and asked to help the duke hold the wine vessel, and was allowed. He then poured wine for the musicians to drink and said: “You are the ruler's ears, in charge of hearing keenly.

辰在子卯，謂之疾日。君徹宴樂，學人舍業，為疾故也。君之卿佐，是謂股肱。

When chen falls on zi or mao, it is called an inauspicious day. The ruler dismisses banquets and music, and scholars put down their studies, because of the inauspicious day. The ministers and assistants of a ruler are called his thighs and arms.