Maps of the Warring States period

魏今解州安邑，魏即大名也。趙霍州趙城、邯鄲、廣平、常山也，中山今定州。三齊，右即墨中臨淄，左平陸。吳越，三吳、東蘇州，中鎮江、西湖。又吳興、吳郡、會稽為三吳。三越，吳越杭州，閩越福建，南越廣州。徐今徐州。東海今嘉興海寧。燕、幽、冀。南海廣東。宋今歸德。河中山西蒲州。河間即河間府。

The territories of the Warring States correspond to modern place names as follows: The State of Wei corresponds to Jiezhou Anyi and another area known as Daming. The State of Zhao includes Huozhou Zhaocheng, Handan, Guangping, and Changshan, among which the State of Zhongshan corresponds to Dingshou. The "Three Qis" region includes Jimo on the right, Linshi in the center, and Pinglu on the left. The land of Wu and Yue includes the "Three Wus," with Suzhou in the east, Zhenjiang in the center, and Huzhou in the west; another account refers to Wuxing, Wujun, and Huizhou as the Three Wus. The "Three Yues" are: Wu Yue in Hangzhou, Min Yue in Fujian, and Nan Yue in Guangzhou. The State of Xu corresponds to Xuzhou. The Eastern Sea corresponds to Jiaxing and Haining. There are also Yan territory, Youzhou, and Jizhou. The Southern Sea corresponds to Guangdong. The State of Song corresponds to Guide. The River Center corresponds to Shanxi Puzhou. The River Region corresponds to Hejian.

晉，平陽、曲絳。鄭，榮陽、汜水。周，西扶風，東洛陽。秦，岐雍，二桃林，三上郡。三巴，中巴縣，巴西錦洲合州，巴東歸州、夔州雲安漢。三蜀，成都、廣漢、犍為。梁，華陽、黑水。三楚，南江陵，西彭城、徐州，東吳郡。韓，上黨今潞州、同州、潁州。

The state of Jin was located in the areas of Pingyang and Quwo Jangdu. The state of Zheng was located in the areas of Xingyang and Fenshui. The territory of the Zhou dynasty extended west to Fufeng and east to Luoyang. The state of Qin had three key regions: first, Qishan and Yongcheng; second, the Taolin Pass; and third, Shangjun. The "Three Bashas" were: Zhongba in Baxian, Bashixi in Jizhou and Hezhou, and Badong in Guizhou, Kuihou Yunan area. The "Three Shus" were Chengdu, Guanghan, and Jianwei. The state of Liang included Huayang and Hei Shui regions. The "Three Chus" were: Nan Chu in Jiangling, Xi Chu in Pengcheng and Xuzhou, and Dong Chu in Wujun. The state of Han's Shangtang was located in the areas of Luzhou, Tongzhou, and Yingzhou today.

弘農今河南靈縣，岷江為大江、為中江、徐陵為北江，所謂三江。漢兩源一出西縣，一出會泉，皆曰嶓冡。五嶺，一大庾嶺，在大庾縣，二始安，在平樂縣，三監賀，在賀州，四柱（疑當作柱）陽，今獵嶺，五陽，今潮州。漳州、福建、漳州、西巂越今延州。首陽山在河中府，一曰在遼州。上郡今綏德州。成紀今秦州。濊貊今遼東。

Hóngnóng is now the area around Henan Lingbao. The so-called "three rivers" refer to the Min River as the great river and the middle river, and the Xu Ling branch as the northern river. The Han River has two sources, one from Xixian and the other from Huiquan, both from the same mountain called Bōtóng Mountain. The "five ridges" are: the first is Dàyǔ Ridge in Dàyǔ County; the second is Shī'ān Ridge in Pínglè County; the third is Jiān Hè Ridge in Hèzhou; the fourth is Guìyáng Ridge (the original text says "zhùyáng," and the editorial note suspects it should be "guì"), which is now Lèi Ridge; the fifth is Jiēyáng Ridge in today's Chaozhou. In addition, Zhangzhou belongs to Fujian, and the western Xīyuè is now Yánzhou. Shǒuyáng Mountain is in Hézhōng Fu, another account says it is in Liáozhōu. Shàngjùn is now Suízhōu. Chéngjì is now Qínzhōu. The land of Huìmò is now Liaodong.

爾雅曰：風而雨上曰霾，陰而雨曰曀，日出而風為暴，迴風曰飄，焚輪謂之頹，扶搖謂之飈，宮曰風曰雨徵三羽五正商，角始得雨則能。十二辰分五音：一宮子陽君，午陰後，東方三徵，丑寅陽言事，未申陰凶事也，南方五羽，卯陽物，四陰水也，北方七商，辰陽兵，戌陰賊也，西方九角，巳陽民，亥陰事也。六情：子申貪狼，好；亥卯陰賊，怒；寅午廉貞，惡；巳酉寬大，喜；辰未姦淫，樂；丑戌公正，哀。

The Er Ya gives names to different types of wind: wind that causes dust to obscure the sun and rain to fall from above is called "mai"; wind that comes with cloudy skies and rain is called "yi"; wind that suddenly rises after sunrise is called "bao"; swirling wind is called "piao"; wind that falls downward in a spiral is called "tui"; and wind that rises upward in a spiral is called "biao". Divination regarding wind is associated with the five tones: the palace tone governs wind, the shang tone corresponds to three, the jue tone corresponds to five, and the zhi tone is paired with shang; rain comes only when the jue tone arises. The twelve earthly branches are assigned the five tones as follows: the first is the palace tone, paired with zi as yang, governing the king, and paired with wu as yin, governing the queen; the third is the shang tone in the east, paired with chou and yin as yang, governing speech and politics, and paired with wei and shen as yin, governing misfortune; the fifth is the jue tone in the south, paired with mao as yang, governing products, and paired with si as yin, governing water; the seventh is the zhi tone in the north, paired with chen as yang, governing weapons, and paired with xu as yin, governing thieves; the ninth is the jue tone in the west, paired with si as yang, governing common people, and paired with hai as yin, governing funerals. The "six emotions" are paired as follows: zi and shen are "tanlang", associated with affection; hai and mao are "yin zhe", associated with anger; yin and wu are "lian zhen", associated with evil; si and you are "kuan da", associated with joy; chen and wei are "jian yin", associated with immorality; and chou and xu are "gong zheng", associated with sorrow.

宮十里，中百里，遠千里。商九里，中九十里，遠九百里。角八里，中八十里，遠八百里。徵七里，中七十里，遠七百里。羽六里，中六十里，遠六百里。凡風動葉來十里，鳴條百里，搖枝二百里，落葉三百里，折小枝四百里，折大枝五百里，飛砂走石拔木五千里。

Using the five tones to determine the distance of wind-related events: wind associated with the tone Gong affects events within ten li, medium distance within a hundred li, and far distance within a thousand li; wind associated with the tone Shang affects events within nine li, medium distance within ninety li, and far distance within nine hundred li; wind associated with the tone Jue affects events within eight li, medium distance within eighty li, and far distance within eight hundred li; wind associated with the tone Zhi affects events within seven li, medium distance within seventy li, and far distance within seven hundred li; wind associated with the tone Yu affects events within six li, medium distance within sixty li, and far distance within six hundred li. Additionally, the strength of the wind can be used to determine the distance: wind that only moves leaves affects events within ten li; wind that makes branches rustle affects events within a hundred li; wind that shakes branches and trunks affects events within two hundred li; wind that blows leaves off affects events within three hundred li; wind that breaks small branches affects events within four hundred li; wind that breaks large branches affects events within five hundred li; and wind that causes flying sand and stones, uproots trees, affects events as far as five thousand li.

又一日夜者，千里；二日夜者，半天下；三日夜者，通天下也。又一日夜為縣，二日夜為州，三日夜為郡，四、五日夜為國，六、七日夜為天下。又大風一時以上，事及百里，三時事及五百里，六時事及千里；一日夜若折大枝，事及二千里；二日夜若拔大木，事及三千、五千里。

The duration of the wind can also be used to determine the extent of its influence: if the wind lasts for a full day and night, the event it signifies will affect a distance of a thousand li; if it lasts for two days and nights, it will affect half the world; if it lasts for three days and nights, it will affect the entire world. Another method divides it as follows: if the wind lasts for one day and night, the event will affect a county; if it lasts for two days and nights, it will affect a commandery; if it lasts for three days and nights, it will affect a prefecture; if it lasts for four or five days and nights, it will affect a state; and if it lasts for six or seven days and nights, it will affect the whole world. A third method calculates based on the duration of the wind: if the wind lasts for more than one hour, the event will affect a distance of a hundred li; if it lasts for three hours, it will affect five hundred li; if it lasts for six hours, it will affect a thousand li; if it lasts for a full day and night and can break large branches, the event will affect two thousand li; if it lasts for two days and nights and can uproot large trees, the event will affect three thousand to five thousand li.

本情，本日支也。合情，支合也。刑情，本日支刑也。沖情，支沖也。錫情，陽日支後三辰，陰日支前三辰。凡六情日與方，止用支辰斷之。五音以納甲五行分五音之日。如甲子陽商貪狼，乙丑陰商，公正之類。

Under the category of "Six Relationships," there are five types: "Original Relationship," which refers to the Day Branch itself; "Harmony Relationship," which refers to the branch that harmonizes with the Day Branch; "Imprisonment Relationship," which refers to the branch that is in conflict with the Day Branch; "Opposition Relationship," which refers to the branch that opposes the Day Branch; and "Gift Relationship," which for a Yang day is the third branch counted forward from the Day Branch, and for a Yin day is the third branch counted backward from the Day Branch. When using the Six Relationships to determine the day and direction, it is sufficient to use the Day Branch alone. As for the Five Sounds, they should be divided according to the Nayin Five Phases. For example, the Jiazi day has a Nayin Five Phase of metal, which is Yang Shang, and its relationship is "Tanlang"; the Yichou day is Yin Shang, and its relationship is "Gongzheng," and so on.

陽干自處，甲德在甲是也。陰干取合，乙德在庚是也。支德以次順行前五辰，子德在巳是也。月干德，三合寅午戌月丙是也。歲月日時殺：寅午戌在丑，巳酉丑在辰，申子辰在未，亥卯未在戌。五墓：木墓在未，水墓在辰，火墓在戌，金墓在丑也。

The general rule for determining "De" (Monthly Virtue) is: for a yang heavenly stem, its De is at its own position, for example, Jia's De is at Jia. For a yin heavenly stem, its De is at the stem it combines with, for example, Yi combines with Geng, so Yi's De is at Geng. For earthly branches, the De is the fifth branch counted forward, for example, Zi's De is at Si. The Monthly Virtue is determined according to the Triple Harmony Formation: for example, in the fire Triple Harmony Formation of Yin, Wu, and Xu, the Monthly Virtue is at Bing. The "sha" (killers) for year, month, day, and hour are also determined according to the Triple Harmony Formation: in the fire Triple Harmony Formation of Yin, Wu, and Xu, the killer is at Chou; in the metal Triple Harmony Formation of Si, You, and Chou, the killer is at Chen; in the water Triple Harmony Formation of Shen, Zi, and Chen, the killer is at Wei; in the wood Triple Harmony Formation of Hai, Mao, and Wei, the killer is at Xu. The Five Tombs are: the tomb of wood is at Wei, the tomb of water is at Chen, the tomb of fire is at Xu, and the tomb of metal is at Chou.

刑上刑下，自刑也。如子刑卯為下刑，午為上刑，酉亥為自刑。寅刑巳，巳刑申，申刑寅，丑刑戌，戌刑未，未刑丑，為三刑。子刑卯，卯刑子，為五刑。辰、午、酉、亥為自刑。此午為上刑之說誤。

There are distinctions among punishments: punishments on superiors, punishments on inferiors, and self-punishment. For example, the punishment of Zi (rat) on Mao (rabbit) is punishment on inferiors; Wu (horse) is punishment on superiors; You (rooster) and Hai (pig) belong to self-punishment. The standard examples of the Three Punishments are: Yin (tiger) punishes Si (snake), Si punishes Shen (monkey), and Shen punishes Yin, forming one group; Chou (ox) punishes Xu (dog), Xu punishes Wei (goat), and Wei punishes Chou, forming another group, collectively called the Three Punishments. The mutual punishment between Zi and Mao is called the Five Punishments. The branches Chen (dragon), Wu (horse), You (rooster), and Hai (pig) each punish themselves, called self-punishment. The previous statement that Wu is a superior punishment is incorrect, because Wu is actually a self-punishing branch. The note under the title stating 'punishment is especially urgent' means that when the Three Punishments occur, the situation is most urgent, and the posture of remaining inactive is not sufficient to respond.

風為教始來自四方，其政鳴條，啟折其化，鼓舞飄頌乎則清和明淨，政治則天氣溫涼，發屋折本者為怒，揚砂轉石者為狂，其勢分錯交橫，任小人而疎君子，其聲啾唧慘悽，不疾疫而必大喪，慽慽蓬勃，大兵將至；炎炎恍惚，火旱為殃；大風橫露，兮白日沉沉，主上昏亂，兮政教未明，觸塵蓬勃者，為悖亂。扶搖羊角者，為飄風。凜冽而人懷，戰懼刑戮，暴急猝起，而南北靡定者，上下不寧。

Wind is the beginning of moral influence, blowing from all directions. When government is clear and just, the wind merely rustles the branches, awakening all things without breaking them; in its swirling and drifting, there is a clear and pure harmony. When politics are peaceful, the weather becomes warm and cool. If the wind is strong enough to lift roofs and snap tree trunks, it is called "angry wind." If it raises dust and rolls stones, it is called "wild wind." If the wind is chaotic and blows in many directions, it indicates that the court is employing petty men and distancing the virtuous. If the wind sounds shrill and mournful, even without plague there will be great mourning. If the wind sounds sorrowful and dust rises vigorously, it indicates that a great army is coming. If the wind is hot and uncertain, it foretells fire and drought. A strong wind mixed with mist and dew, causing the day to be dim and dark, indicates that the ruler is foolish and the government is unclear. If the wind stirs up dust and rises in a thick cloud, it indicates rebellion and disorder. If the wind spirals upward like a sheep's horn, it is called "drifting wind." If the wind is bitterly cold and causes fear, it indicates punishment and executions. If the wind comes suddenly and suddenly changes direction, from south to north unpredictably, it indicates that the people and the ruler are not at peace.

凡日辰納音為客，風所來之處為主。如甲子商為君，風從未申丑寅上來，為商動，徵火尅金，主人勝。若從巳上來，受制於金，客勝。又日納音為客，加時為主。如丙寅日火音，時加卯酉，為徵動羽，羽水尅徵火，主人勝。若加辰戌為徵動，商火尅金，客勝。

Divination by wind determines the master and guest sides: take the Nayin sound element of the current day's Day Branch as the guest side, and the direction from which the wind comes as the master side. Then examine the Five Phases relationship between the two to determine the winner. For example, if the Jiazi day's Nayin is metal, which is the Shang sound, and the wind comes from the directions of Wei, Shen, Chou, or Yin, which belong to the Zheng sound, then the Shang sound is affected by the Zheng sound. Since Zheng belongs to fire and fire overcomes metal, the master side wins. If the wind comes from the Si direction, which is overcome by metal, then the guest side wins. Another method is to take the Nayin of the day as the guest and the added hour as the master. For example, if the Bingyin day's Nayin is fire, which is the Zheng sound, and the hour is added in the Mao or You directions, which belong to the Yu sound, then the Zheng sound is affected by the Yu sound. Since Yu belongs to water and water overcomes fire, the master side wins. If the hour is added in the Chen or Xu directions, which is Zheng affecting Shang, fire overcomes metal, then the guest side wins.

又甲子金日，時加丑寅，為徵動商，火尅金，主勝。風又從丑未上來，是二火一金，主大勝。又風從巳刑上來客勝，從時刑上來主勝。凡遠者為客，近者為主。行者客，居者主。起者客，應者主。動者客，靜者主。如兩人相擊，先擧者客，後擧者主，有氣勝，無氣敗也。

Another example: On a Jiazi day, the nayin sound element belongs to metal. If the hour is added to the position of Chou or Yin, it becomes Zhengdong and Shang, with fire overcoming metal, indicating the dominant side wins. If wind comes from Chou and Wei, it becomes two layers of fire against one layer of metal, indicating the dominant side wins greatly. Also, if wind comes from the Si position, which is a conflicting position, the opposing side wins; if wind comes from the position that is conflicting with the hour, the dominant side wins. In general, the rule for distinguishing between host and guest is: the one coming from afar is the guest, the one nearby is the host; the one moving is the guest, the one staying still is the host; the one initiating is the guest, the one responding is the host; the one acting is the guest, the one remaining quiet is the host. For example, in a fight between two people, the one who moves first is the guest, and the one who moves later is the host. In the end, it still depends on the presence of qi: the side with qi wins, and the side without qi loses.

甲子、甲午、壬申、壬寅、庚辰、庚戌陽商，乙丑、乙未、癸卯、癸酉、辛巳、辛亥陰商。丙寅、丙申、戊子、戊午、甲辰、甲戌陽徵，丁卯、丁酉、己丑、己未、乙巳、乙亥陰徵。戊辰、戊戌、庚寅、庚申、壬子、壬午陽角，己巳、己亥、辛卯、辛酉、癸丑、癸未陰角。庚子、庚午、戊寅、戊申、丙辰、丙戌陽宮，辛丑、辛未、己卯、己酉、丁巳、丁亥陰宮。甲寅、甲申、壬辰、壬戌、丙子、丙午陽羽，乙卯、乙酉、癸巳、癸亥、丁丑、丁未陰羽。

The sixty Jiazi are divided into five musical tones according to the Nayin sound element, and each is further classified as yin or yang. The six days Jiazi, Jiawu, Renshen, Renyin, Gengchen, and Gengxu belong to Yang Shang; the six days Yichou, Yiwei, Kaimao, Kuiyou, Xinsi, and Xihai belong to Yin Shang. The six days Bingyin, Bingshen, Wuzi, Wuwu, Jiachen, and Jiaxu belong to Yang Zhi; the six days Dingmao, Dingyou, Jichou, Jiwei, Yisì, and Yihai belong to Yin Zhi. The six days Wuchen, Wuxu, Gengyin, Gengshen, Renzi, and Renwu belong to Yang Jiao; the six days Jisi, Jihai, Xinmao, Xinyou, Kuichou, and Kuwei belong to Yin Jiao. The six days Gengzi, Gengwu, Wuyin, Wushen, Bingchen, and Bingxu belong to Yang Gong; the six days Xinchou, Xiniwei, Jimao, Xiyou, Dingsi, and Dinghai belong to Yin Gong. The six days Jiayin, Jiashen, Renchen, Renxu, Bingzi, and Bingwu belong to Yang Yu; the six days Yimao, Yishen, Kuisi, Kuihai, Dingchou, and Dingwei belong to Yin Yu. When predicting wind, first use this table to determine the musical tone of the current day and whether it is yin or yang, then match it with the direction the wind is coming from to assess its relationship of generation and overcoming.

子陽宮，屬土，主帝王。丑寅陽徵，屬火，主旱，為宮寺、口舌。卯陽羽，屬水，主雨霧。辰陽商，屬金，主將軍、吏士。巳陽角，屬木，主疾病、憂患。午陰宮土，主女後。未申陰徵火，主庶人、士土，誥書、文檄、旱火、郵驛。酉陰羽水，主霜雪，雷電，陰沉虹。戌陰商金，主小將，兵刃。亥陰角木，主死喪、哭泣。

The twelve Earthly Branches each correspond to a musical tone and have their own governing aspects: Zi is the Yang Gong, belonging to the Earth element, governing matters concerning the emperor and kings. Chou and Yin are the Yang Zheng, belonging to the Fire element, governing droughts, as well as palaces, temples, and disputes over words. Mao is the Yang Yu, belonging to the Water element, governing rain, clouds, and mist. Chen is the Yang Shang, belonging to the Metal element, governing generals and soldiers. Si is the Yang Jiao, belonging to the Wood element, governing diseases and worries. Wu is the Yin Gong, belonging to the Earth element, governing concubines and female rulers. Wei and Shen are the Yin Zheng, belonging to the Fire element, governing common people and scholars, as well as imperial edicts, military orders, droughts, fires, and the relay stations for messages. You is the Yin Yu, belonging to the Water element, governing frost, snow, thunder, lightning, gloomy weather, and rainbows. Xu is the Yin Shang, belonging to the Metal element, governing subordinate officers and weapons. Hai is the Yin Jiao, belonging to the Wood element, governing death, mourning, and weeping.

凡宮為君，商為臣子、奴僕，角為民、為疾病、死喪。徵為事、為宗廟、鬼神。羽為物、為妻財、為境界。如子日、子方風為官動、主人，君出行布令風暴念急風徐令喜。

In general, the five tones each have their corresponding images: the Gong tone represents the sovereign; the Shang tone represents ministers and servants; the Jue tone represents the common people, and also relates to illness and death; the Zhi tone represents affairs, and also relates to ancestral temples and spirits; the Yu tone represents wealth, and also relates to wives, property, and borders. For example, if on a Zi day the wind blows from the Zi direction, this indicates the movement of official authority, affecting the master, indicating the sovereign's journey and the issuance of orders. If the wind is sudden and fierce, the orders will be urgent; if the wind is gentle and slow, the orders will be lenient and pleasing.

宮日，風起子，山陵崩、君出、地動、旱、有土工；起午，旱、地震、後出。又時加子午，為重宮，君大夫走，風雨不調。從丑、寅、未、申起，為宮動徵，有火燭，土上寶物，出有兵。時加徵，為重徵，有義兵、詔令，曰義風。從卯酉來，商動羽，大雨、大臣走、旱。時加羽為重羽，即有赦、五榖成。從辰戌來，宮動商，有兵行。時加辰戌為重商，有兵殃。風從巳亥來，宮動角，主戰、人主憂、客兵傷、有喪。時加巳亥為重角，君不昌。

On the day of the Palace tone, the wind indicates the following: if the wind rises from the Zi direction, it signifies mountain collapses, the monarch's travel, earthquakes, drought, or construction projects. If the wind rises from the Wu direction, it signifies drought, earthquakes, or the queen's travel. If the hour is also at the Zi or Wu position, it is called "double Palace," indicating the monarch and the ministers fleeing their posts, and the winds and rains being out of balance. If the wind comes from the Chou, Yin, Wei, or Shen directions, it is called "Palace moving to Shang," indicating fire and candle disasters, treasures emerging from underground, and military actions. If the hour is also at the Shang position, it is called "double Shang," indicating the raising of righteous armies and imperial edicts, and this wind is called "righteous wind." If the wind comes from the Mao or You directions, it is called "Shang moving to Yu," indicating heavy rain, ministers fleeing, and drought. If the hour is also at the Yu position, it is called "double Yu," indicating the issuance of pardons and abundant harvests. If the wind comes from the Chen or Xu directions, it is called "Palace moving to Shang," indicating military movements. If the hour is also at the Chen or Xu position, it is called "double Shang," indicating military disasters. If the wind comes from the Si or Hai directions, it is called "Palace moving to Jue," indicating warfare, the monarch's worry, injuries to visiting troops, and funerals. If the hour is also at the Si or Hai position, it is called "double Jue," indicating the monarch's decline.

徵日，陽宮風來，旱、火土上起、宮寺災。從陰宮起，太子疾。時加重徵，土上火災。從陽徵來，君有恐、火災、走獸入為害、宮寺焚、王相憂、大旱。徵陽徵來，六畜多死。從陽商來，急兵、君自守七日、遠七十日。從陰商來，有兵戰一日。從陽商來，臣強大死、君殃，以日占國。從陽羽來，四鄰有事、有寶玉、雷電、霜雹、臣候憂、多火災、夷兵至。從陰羽來，寶出、雷電、夷有事。從陽角來，兵喪。從陰角來，邊驚、兵火、春有喪。

When the wind comes from the position of the Zheng tone on the day branch, it indicates drought, fires on the ground, and disasters to palaces and temples; if it comes from the Yin position, it indicates the prince falls ill. If the hour and Zheng position coincide to form "double Zheng," it indicates fires on the ground. If the wind comes from the Yang Zheng position, it indicates the ruler is startled, there is fire, wild animals invade and cause harm, palaces and temples are burned, ministers and high officials are anxious, and there is a great drought; if it still comes from the Yang Zheng position, it also indicates many deaths among domestic animals. If the wind comes from the Yang Shang position, it indicates urgent military movements, the ruler must defend himself for seven days, and if the distance is far, it lasts seventy days; if it comes from the Yin Shang position, it indicates a battle on one day; if it again comes from the Yang Shang position, it indicates the death of a powerful minister or noble, and the ruler suffers consequences, and one can determine which country is affected by referring to the day branch. If the wind comes from the Yang Yu position, it indicates troubles among neighbors, treasures emerging from the earth, thunder, lightning, frost, and hail, ministers and vassals are anxious, there are many fires, and foreign troops arrive; if it comes from the Yin Yu position, it indicates treasures emerging, thunder, and events among foreign tribes. If the wind comes from the Yang Jiao position, it indicates military affairs and funerals; if it comes from the Yin Jiao position, it indicates disturbances at the borders and disasters from war and fire, and in spring, there will be deaths.

羽日，風從陽宮來，財物聚、君有使令、邊兵土工興、將受命、有集會、雷電。從陰宮來，冰雹寒傷物、有土工。從陽徵來，有兵、有急令、臣有憂、關塞路阻。風從陰徵來，邊臣有羽事大喪會，寒雪雹期五日，若五十日大雨南方來，國憂人，疾風從北方來，賊聚水中。陽羽來，日應。從陰羽來，夜應。從商來，兵圍不戰、邊急關阻、大雨，軍各不利。

When the wind comes from the position of the Yang tone, it indicates gathering of wealth, the sovereign sending missions, military actions at the borders and construction projects, generals receiving orders to go to war, and gatherings. It also indicates thunder and lightning. When the wind comes from the Yin tone position, it indicates hail and severe cold damaging crops, and construction projects. When the wind comes from the Yang徵 position, it indicates military affairs, urgent orders, worries among officials, and blockage of passes and roads. When the wind comes from the Yin徵 position, it indicates urgent reports from border territories and great mourning gatherings, with snow, hail, and cold weather expected within five days. If it is delayed for fifty days, there will be heavy rain coming from the south, causing the whole country to worry for the people. A strong wind from the north indicates bandits gathering in marshes. When the wind comes from the Yang羽 position, it indicates events happening during the day; when it comes from the Yin羽 position, it indicates events happening at night. When the wind comes from the 商 position, it indicates enemy forces surrounding the city without fighting, urgent border alarms, blocked passes, and heavy rain falling, which is unfavorable for all military forces.

商日，風從陽宮來，太子忌恐、人臣有急、兵主疾。從陰宮來，庶子憂、有急變、兵北起。風從徵來，兵圍不戰，且旱。時加重徵，大旱。從陽商來，白衣聚、關梁閉、大將死、出忌外邑有兵、有小寇、兵在西，君有憂。從陽商來，有殃、粟貴、有兵七日，若七十日有急令。從陽角來，猝兵從急令。從陰角來，喪土工。

When the wind comes from the position of the Shang tone, it indicates that the crown prince has worries and fears, officials have urgent matters, and the person in charge of the army is ill. If the wind comes from the Yin position, it indicates that a庶出 son has worries, there is an urgent incident, and military actions start from the north. If the wind comes from the Zheng position, it indicates that the enemy surrounds but does not fight, and there is a drought. If the hour also adds the Zheng position to form "double Zheng," it indicates a major drought. If the wind comes from the Yang Shang position, it indicates that common people gather together, passageways and bridges are closed, a general dies, travel is to be avoided, there is military action in the outer territories, and there are small bandits. If the wind still comes from the Yang Shang position, it indicates disaster, high grain prices, and military action within seven days. If it extends to seventy days, there will be an urgent command. If the wind comes from the Yang Jiao position, it indicates sudden military action followed by urgent orders. If the wind comes from the Yin Jiao position, it indicates mourning and construction projects.

角日，風從陽宮來，兵中興、君憂國四閉。從陽宮來，貴人病、喪土工。從徵來，大臣災、火蠱生、榖貴。從羽來，土工興、大雨、邊兵人多口舌病、夷相奪。從商來，有急兵。從陽角來，邊兵起、人主憂、賊至、戰多死亡。從陰角來，大喪。時加重角，兵戰、盜起民飢、多死人。宮為君，以下皆為大臣、令長、庶宮小民當之，以下辰占國。

When wind is observed on the day of the Sheng tone, it indicates that the wind comes from the position of the Yang Palace, suggesting military affairs resuming midway, the sovereign being anxious and the borders being closed off. If the wind again comes from the Yang Palace, it indicates the nobleman is ill, there will be mourning and construction projects. If the wind comes from the Zheng position, it indicates ministers suffer misfortunes, fires break out, there are disturbances and rising prices of grain. If the wind comes from the Yu position, it indicates construction projects begin, heavy rains fall, border troops and civilians have many disputes and diseases, and foreign tribes attack each other. If the wind comes from the Shang position, it indicates urgent military affairs. If the wind comes from the Yang Jiao, it indicates military actions at the borders, the sovereign being troubled, bandits coming, and many deaths in battle. If the wind comes from the Yin Jiao, it indicates a great mourning. If the hour is combined with the Jiao position to form "Chong Jiao," it indicates warfare, bandits rising, people suffering from famine, and many deaths. In general, the Palace tone represents the sovereign, and the tones below the Palace are respectively taken by ministers, county magistrates, and common people. Then, according to the following branches, determine which state will be affected.

凡風起正日時方位，徵多為火，羽多為水，商多為兵，為粟貴，角多為疾，宮多為吉，鳴條落葉，揚塵吹砍，乃占豈君月相日辰，占分期以干支合數，宮為十數，徵為三十，羽五十，商七十，角九十，干支令數，如甲子十八數，乙丑十六數之類。又日為令長，時為民，如德刑俱臨，以風之吉凶占，常以正月二十日，五月、十一月十四日，候天門有雲氣，或蒼黑赤白，皆為中外不通心。

Whenever there is wind, one should carefully observe the day, the time, and the direction it comes from: a predominance of the徵 tone indicates fire disaster, a predominance of the羽 tone indicates water disaster, a predominance of the商 tone indicates warfare and high grain prices, a predominance of the角 tone indicates disease, and a predominance of the宫 tone indicates good fortune. If the wind merely causes branches to rustle, leaves to fall, or dust to rise, or breaks grass and trees, one should refer to the sovereign, the month builder, and the day branch to make a judgment. To calculate the time of occurrence, use the numbers corresponding to the combination of heavenly stems and earthly branches: the宫 tone corresponds to ten, the徵 tone to thirty, the羽 tone to fifty, the商 tone to seventy, and the角 tone to ninety. Each heavenly stem and earthly branch also has its own number, for example, Jiazi corresponds to eighteen, Yichou to sixteen, and so on. Furthermore, the day branch represents the county magistrate, and the hour represents the common people. If both the virtuous spirit and the penal evil are present at the same position, then the fortune or misfortune of the wind should be used to judge. Additionally, on the twentieth day of the first lunar month, as well as on the fourteenth days of the fifth and eleventh months, one should observe the sky gate direction for any cloud formations. Clouds of dark blue or red white color indicate internal and external blockages and lack of communication between above and below.

凡雲氣紫赤，如煙非煙，如雲非云，鬱鬱紛紛，蕭索輪困，是曰夏云，喜氣也。雲含五色，潤澤和緩，見城上為景云，太平之應，一曰卿云，大風將至，雲如亂穰，大雨將至，雲甚重潤，日入而青雲東西極天，無雨則三年將有喪軍。

When clouds appear in a purple and red color, resembling smoke but not smoke, resembling clouds but not clouds, gathering heavily and in disorderly clusters, dispersing and swirling like a chariot wheel coming together, this is called "Summer Clouds," indicating a joyful omen. If clouds contain five colors, moist and slow-moving, appearing over a city, they are called "Scenic Clouds," indicating a sign of universal peace, also known as "Minister Clouds." When the shape of clouds resembles scattered stalks of grain before a strong wind arises, and when clouds are extremely dark and moist before heavy rain comes, these are signs of impending weather changes. If after sunset, a strip of blue clouds stretches from east to west reaching the horizon without rain following, then within three years there will be the loss of an army.

有喪則白雲南北如陣。赤雲如血則血流。黑氣如道則有赦雲。如龍行則大水入流。赤氣如人影，三日臣叛。雲俱五色不下雨，有隱賢。赤黃四塞，連日夜光此照地，大臣縱恣。赤色覆日如血，大旱民飢。黑氣變化更移，夷欺中國。雲如疋布，東西南北在邑上者，羊變。黑氣如牛頭，龍蛇變化，主病、流亡，不宜新婦，亦為狄侵華。

When there is a funeral, white clouds will appear arranged north and south like an army. Red clouds resembling blood indicate a disaster involving bleeding. Black clouds stretching like a road indicate an imperial pardon. Clouds moving like dragons indicate a great flood entering the territory. Red clouds showing human shapes indicate rebellion by ministers within three days. Clouds with all five colors but without rain indicate the presence of a virtuous person who remains hidden. Red and yellow clouds blocking all directions, shining continuously for several days and lighting the ground, indicate ministers being arrogant and unrestrained. Red clouds covering the sun with a blood-like color indicate a severe drought and famine among the people. Black clouds constantly changing and moving indicate harassment by foreign tribes against the Central Plains. Clouds resembling a piece of cloth, spreading over the city and present in all directions, indicate abnormal births among sheep. Black clouds shaped like a bull's head, with changes resembling dragons and snakes, indicate disease and population displacement, making it unsuitable for a newlywed bride to marry, and also indicate foreign invasion of the Huaxia civilization.

凡戰氣赤雲，如傘蓋覆羊上，千里內戰吉，外憂。赤雲如狗入營，大戰流血。赤雲旋而不動，或如丹蛇，如覆舟，如耕襲，或白氣如車入北斗中轉移者，下流血將死。或雲上白氣如虹而交，或日旁有玦，五色白虹，皆戰氣也。凡出軍之日，天氣昏漠，雲氣陰沉，必戰。若青陽溫和，風塵不動，不見敵，亦不戰也。

All signs indicating warfare: red clouds covering sheep like an umbrella, if seen within a thousand li, indicate a favorable battle, but if beyond a thousand li, there will be worry. Red clouds darting into the military camp indicate a great battle with bloodshed. Red clouds that spiral without moving, or appear like red snakes, or like overturned boats, or like furrows in farmland, or with white clouds entering the Big Dipper like a carriage and shifting, indicate bloodshed below and the death of generals. Also, if white clouds cross each other like a rainbow, or a halo appears around the sun, or a white rainbow of five colors appears, these are all signs of warfare. On the day of an expedition, if the sky is dark and misty, and the clouds are gloomy, there will certainly be battle. If the weather is clear and mild, with no dust in the wind, enemies will not be seen and no battle will occur.

凡氣上與天連，下有名將。抱朴子曰：猛將之氣，如火勢，如張弓，或白如粉絮囷倉，黑如山林竹木，或紫黑如門上樓，或上或下赤如旌旗，或氣發漸漸如雲而變作山形，或雲氣如蛟蛇形，或如龍、如虎在殺氣中，或內白而赤氣外繞，或中黑而赤氣在前，或勃勃然如火煙之狀，皆為悍猛謀深，不可當在我軍上，四速戰也。

Any aura rising up to meet the blue sky indicates there must be a famous general below. Ge Hong's "Baopuzi" says: the aura of a fierce general appears like fierce fire rising, like a bowstring stretched tight; or white like powdered snow or a round granary; or black like mountains, bamboo, and trees; or purple-black like a gatehouse; or red rising or falling like a banner; or initially like clouds, later forming mountain shapes; or cloud-like forms resembling a dragon or a long snake; or like a dragon or a tiger amidst fierce fighting; or white inside with red aura surrounding it; or black in the center with red aura in front. These all indicate that the opposing general is fierce and brave, with deep strategy, and should not be confronted directly. If such an aura appears over our army, we must fight decisively from all sides.

凡兩軍相當，前後左右有赤氣，即有伏氣云，紛紛綿綿而相繼者，車騎伏也。如有席蒿草者，少兵伏也。白氣紛紜，如樓上狀，萬人伏也。軍上黑氣洋洋，而赤氣在中，或如烏雲之赤杵，或赤雲中之鳥，人在烏雲內，或如幢節在烏雲中，或如山嶽之王外，或前黑而白雲在後，皆伏兵氣也。

When two armies face each other, if red clouds appear in front, behind, on the left or right, it indicates the presence of hidden troops. If the clouds are dense and continuous, it suggests the concealment of chariots, horses, and cavalry. If the clouds resemble spread-out mats or tall grass, it indicates a small force is hidden. If white clouds are scattered and form the shape of buildings, it signifies the presence of tens of thousands of hidden soldiers. If dark clouds cover the military camp with red clouds in the middle, or if it looks like a red pole in a black cloud, or like a bird flying in red clouds, or like a person inside the black cloud, or like banners and standards standing in the black cloud, or like mountains standing outside, or if the front is dark while white clouds are behind — all these are signs of hidden troops.

凡白氣群行，或如群羊徘徊，結陣而來，或日月濛濛無光，士卒內亂及兵內發。或黑如幢節而出於營，必有詐謀。或黑而車旗臨我陣，必有亂臣，謀與賊通。晝陰夜月出，君謀臣，夜陰晝日出，臣謀君。或晝夜陰沉，或連陰十日，不是冬月而風亂起，君臣奸謀，亦是兩國相圖。黑氣流行，互含五色，臨我軍上，則敵與臣謀，自敗死。

If white vapor appears in groups, or if it resembles a flock of sheep wandering around and not leaving, or if it forms an array and approaches forcefully, or if the sun and moon are obscured and lack light, this indicates internal disorder among the soldiers, with a rebellion arising from within. If black vapor rises from the camp like banners, standards, and symbols, there must be someone using deceit and schemes. If black vapor accompanied by chariots, horses, and banners approaches our front lines, there must be disloyal ministers secretly communicating with the enemy. If the day is gloomy and the moon appears in the night, it indicates the ruler scheming against the ministers. If the night is gloomy and the sun appears in the day, it indicates the ministers scheming against the ruler. If both day and night are gloomy, or if there is continuous gloom for ten days, and it is not winter yet there is a great wind, this indicates the ruler and ministers each harboring treacherous intentions, or possibly mutual schemes between two countries. If black vapor flows with mixed colors of five hues and presses over our army, it indicates the enemy and our officials colluding, but they themselves will eventually be defeated.

凡敵兵暴至，必有赤雲赫赫然及王子還見，或赤若旌旗，或獨見赤雲，如虹、如狗、如覆船，及天下白雲如布疋，經於丑未，或廣六、七丈，東西亙天，上下起兵，赤者尤甚，青者大喪。

Whenever the enemy's troops are about to attack suddenly, there will certainly be signs: red clouds appear, glowing like burning flames, and the aura of a prince also becomes visible; or red clouds take the shape of banners; or simply red clouds are seen, resembling an arch, a dog, or a capsized boat; or white clouds fill the sky like pieces of cloth stretching across the Chou and Wei positions, or spanning six or seven zhang in width, stretching from east to west across the sky. Whenever such clouds appear, armies will rise both above and below. Among them, red clouds are especially ominous, while blue clouds indicate great calamity.

又白如瓜蔓，如仙人衣，千萬戴結，罷而反興，至八九丈，連而不斷，千里兵至。或赤虹如狗，四枚相聚，如人行不絕，或如艾虎，或上有云，下有零螟，中天而下入我軍，或黑雲從敵來覆我軍，有云如人而赤臨城邑，而四望無雲，獨見雲極天半起，或如胡人列陣，或如執楯、如赤杵、如火云，如人持節之勢，或如旌旗之伸，皆主敵兵暴來襲我也。

There is also white vapor resembling a gourd vine extending, like the sash of a immortal, winding together in thousands of layers, dispersing and reassembling repeatedly, growing up to eight or nine zhang in length, continuous without interruption, indicating that troops will come from a thousand li away. Or there may be a red rainbow shaped like a dog, with four parts gathering together, resembling humans walking continuously; or the shape resembling the pattern of wormwood grass with a tiger; or there is cloud above and dense black vapor like rain below, hanging from the sky and falling into our army; or black clouds coming from the enemy side to cover our army; or clouds shaped like humans and red, pressing over the city, looking in all directions, there is nothing else but this cloud rising from the sky; or resembling the array of Hu people, or holding shields, or a red pestle, or fire clouds, or the appearance of a person holding a symbol and staff, or banners spreading out—these all indicate that the enemy troops will suddenly attack us.

陣前色黑，有陰謀。色青，兵叛。色赤，兵飢。色黃，急去之勾擊。軍勝氣：軍勝之氣，前赤後白，雲如旌旗，揚揮指敵。或氣如堤阪，前後摩地。或如日月暈狀光芒，如飛鳥來而高。或赤白相隨，如鬪雞在雲霧中，或如三疋帛，前廣後大，或如一疋帛，皆不可勝。

Dark clouds in front of the army indicate the enemy has a plot against us; green clouds indicate there are traitors within the army; red clouds indicate soldiers are hungry and exhausted; yellow clouds mean we should quickly retreat and turn to attack. As for "military victory signs": the weather that leads to victory is when the front is red and the back is white, with clouds shaped like banners, rising and moving toward the enemy. Or the clouds resemble a long embankment or a steep slope, moving along the ground with friction in front and behind. Or they appear like the halo around the sun and moon, radiating light, or like birds flying high into the sky. Or they are red and white clouds following each other, like fighting roosters in the clouds. Or they resemble three pieces of silk, with the front wide and the back even wider. Or they resemble a single piece of silk. Any army that encounters these signs will not be defeated by the enemy.

又如五頭馬低尾，而又赤如鳥在氣中如赤杵，在白雲中如人，在烏氣中如人持斧向之，如蛇擧首向之，如人牽牛、如覆舟、如小提、如山林木、如乳虎伏豹、如樸、如樓、如赤繞之。或赤黃連之，天如華蓋獨立，或五色雲氣如引絲，如陣前銳，皆盛氣也。

There are also various forms: resembling five horses with their tails hanging down; in red vapor, like birds flying and like a red pestle; in white clouds, like human figures; in black vapor, like a person holding an axe facing the enemy; like a snake raising its head toward the opponent; like a person leading a cow; like a capsized boat; like a small embankment; like mountains and forests; like a nursing tiger and a crouching leopard; like a朴 tree and a pavilion; or like red vapor surrounding it. Alternatively, red and yellow vapors merging together, appearing in the sky like a single 'Huagai' canopy standing alone; or five-colored clouds resembling drawn threads, with the formation's front sharp—these all belong to signs of strong energy, indicating victory for the own side.

營上氣囚廢枯散，或如馬肝，如死灰，如敗車不起，如臥牛，如敗屋，皆敗氣也。或蓋道敝蒙盡，暝飯不及食，炊不及熟，即急去之。或黑如壤山墮軍壘營頭星也。或白雲如群鳥起，趨入屯營結連，百里不絕，須臾不見，主他國來降。氣如群鳥亂飛，如粉、如塵、如煙燔生草，前銳後敗，如枯蓬轉者，急擊之。

If the clouds above the military camp appear stagnant, slack, withered, and scattered, or if their color resembles horse's liver or cold, dead ashes, or if their shape looks like a broken cart that cannot move, a lying-down ox, or a collapsed house, these are signs of defeat and decline. If the clouds cover the roads and the darkness and confusion reach their peak, then even without having time to eat dinner or the pot not yet cooked, one must hurry to retreat. If dark clouds resembling a collapsing hill fall upon the military camp, this is the appearance of the 'camp leader star.' If white clouds rise like a flock of birds, forming a continuous stream entering the camp, stretching for hundreds of li without stopping, and then suddenly disappear, this indicates that a foreign country will come to surrender. If the clouds resemble birds flying in disorder, like powder, dust, or smoke from burning grass, with a sharp front and a scattered rear, like dry reeds swirling in the wind, then one should hurry to attack.

雲如偃蓋，如偃魚臨于軍上，如群羊、群豬在氣中，在十里以外，望念軍上，氣多而前白後青，或基兒臨營上，如馬在氣中漸漸入營，如只蛇委曲，如群狐驚奔，或赤光從天流下，如氣發連夜照人，或如卷席、如灰，如人臥無手無足，如飛鳥亂飛，如覆船車蓋，如敗提，如霧始起，聚散出沒。如十十五五妙手相向，又氣出而半絕將敗，氣漸盡將走，皆敗走逃奔之象。

The clouds resemble an inverted umbrella covering the military camp, or a fish lying on its back pressing down over the camp; they appear like flocks of sheep and pigs in the air. From ten li away, looking up at the military camp, the clouds are thick with a white front and a blue back. Sometimes the clouds look like a child squatting on the camp, or a horse stepping slowly into the camp through the air. They may resemble a snake winding and twisting, or a group of foxes fleeing in alarm. There may be red light flowing down from the sky, or the cloud may continuously illuminate people all night. They may look like a rolled-up mat, or like ashes; like a person lying down without arms and legs; like birds flying wildly; like overturned boats and chariots; like a collapsed embankment; like mist rising, gathering and dispersing, appearing and disappearing. Or they may appear in groups facing each other. If the cloud appears only halfway and then stops, it indicates the commander will be defeated. If the cloud gradually fades away, it indicates the commander will flee—these are all signs of defeat and retreat.

城有不可攻者，凡青黃雲氣臨城，若白雲從城中南北出，或白氣中出而青氣北入，往返四遠。若赤氣如杵向外有黑雲如星出，曰星精。若日暈有青赤氣從中四出，若蒙氣繞城而不入，若城上白氣如旌旗形狀云，若赤絮、若青雲入，如牛頭觸千人，若氣如煙火，若中出而入我軍，若如雙蛇，若云分雨雪。若云尅日，如甲乙平旦有白雲。丙丁日有黑雲等，若圍城，雷雨過旬，又城上氣滿人不見，皆為不可攻。

Some cities are not to be attacked: if green or yellow clouds cover the city; or white clouds surge out from the city toward the north and south; or white vapor rises from the center while blue vapor comes in from the north and spreads far in all directions; or red vapor resembles a pestle pointing outward, and black clouds like stars rise up, which is called "star essence"; or if green and red vapors shoot out in all directions from a solar halo; or if a hazy vapor circles the city but does not enter it; or if white vapor appears on the city like banners; or if red fluff-like vapor and blue clouds enter the city, colliding like a bull's head against a thousand people; or if the vapor resembles firecrackers; or if vapor rises from the city and rushes toward our army; or if the vapor forms like two snakes; or if rain and snow separate from the clouds. Also, if the cloud vapor overpowers the day branch, for example, on days of Jia or Yi (wood), white clouds of metal appear in the morning; or on days of Bing or Ding (fire), black clouds of water appear. Additionally, if during a siege there is thunder and rain for more than ten days, or if the vapor on the city is so dense that people cannot be seen, these situations indicate that the city should not be attacked by force.

城有不可尅者，凡赤氣在城上，而黃氣四面繞之，將死城降。城中氣聚，如樓而出見於外，又赤虹從外入，三日可瘏。日重暈而白虹貫之，及濛霧入城，白氣繞而入後，所入攻之。赤黑氣如狐狸皮經及正赤，或如雄雌臨城，或赤氣如眾人頭，如飛鳥，如敗車，氣出向東南者，不可攻。氣向西北，或云如式人五、如三牛，如白蛇指城，或青氣，及氣上赤下白，及日無光明，日有西南風至，必尅。

There are some cities that cannot be captured, while others are certain to fall. If red clouds cover the city and yellow clouds surround it on all sides, it indicates that the commander will die and the city will surrender. If the air within the city forms the shape of a tower and appears outside the city, and if a red rainbow enters the city from outside, the city can be captured within three days. If the sun appears with a double halo and a white rainbow crosses across, or if a mist enters the city and white clouds surround it before entering, attack from the side where the air enters. If red and black clouds resemble the patterns of a fox's skin, or if they are purely red, or if they appear as two groups of air, male and female, pressing on the city, or if the red clouds resemble the heads of many people, flying birds, or broken carts, and these clouds disperse toward the southeast, the city should not be attacked. If the clouds move toward the northwest, or if clouds resemble five standing people, three oxen, a white snake pointing at the city, or if the clouds are green, or if the upper part is red and the lower part is white, and if the sun is dark and dim, and if a southwest wind blows that day, then the city is certain to be captured.

城中氣出復入者，人慾逃。凡兩軍相當之氣，以我西賊東為例。西厚東薄，西長東短，西高東下，西澤東枯，我軍勝，反之敗。氣安則軍安，氣散則軍亂，氣南軍亦南，氣北軍亦北。對敵有火來，甚早。蔭覆人掩溝，盜大賊將至，雲如蛟蛇者，勝氣也。如兔雄者亡，甲乙日東方青氣，盛氣也。黃氣，死氣也。初出軍，赤氣相隨日出，居有憂，隨日沒，外告急，收兵勿行。

The air rising from the city and then retreating indicates that someone within the city wishes to flee. When two armies face each other, observe the air as follows: take the example of our army to the west and the enemy to the east. If the air is thick on the west and thin on the east, long on the west and short on the east, high on the west and low on the east, moist on the west and dry on the east, then our army will win. The reverse indicates defeat. If the air is stable, the army's morale is stable; if the air is scattered, disorder arises within the army. If the air tends south, the army will move south; if the air tends north, the army will move north. If there is firelight coming from the enemy side, it arrives early. If dark clouds cover the area and human figures are hidden in the ditches, it indicates a large group of bandits is coming. Clouds resembling dragons or snakes indicate a victorious spirit; clouds resembling rabbits standing tall indicate defeat. On the days of Jia and Yi, if green air appears in the east, it indicates strong energy; if yellow air appears, it indicates death qi. When the army first departs, if red air comes with the sunrise, it indicates worry for those remaining behind; if red air comes with the sunset, it indicates urgent news from outside, and the army should withdraw and not travel.

京房曰：“赤氣隨行，黑氣隨之，赤氣滅，賊可得，有赤無黑，賊不可得。被圍亦盛，關上氣鬱鬱如火光芒蓊蓊，然有救。至外出軍，雲隨後來，隨而擊之勝，逆者，急宜屯兵固守”。

Jing Fang said: If red clouds follow the army and are followed by black clouds, when the red clouds fade, the bandits can be captured. If there are only red clouds without black clouds, the bandits cannot be captured. When surrounded, if the energy remains strong, and the clouds above the pass are dense and resemble glowing embers, there must be reinforcements arriving. As for when the army is on the march, if clouds follow behind the army, one should pursue them and will surely win. If the clouds come against the army, one should quickly station troops and hold firm, and not advance lightly.

宮聲風，隆隆然，如雷鼓，如牛羊鳴窯中，發屋折木，主土動，君心煩，急令貴神輔相，疑忌兵起不安，其日風從宮來，山擢岸崩，君出地裂。風從角，蝗蟲敗榖。從商來，大水暴雨。風從徵來，蠱狼為害。從羽來，大雨陽寒，大臣凶。

The wind of the Palace tone is loud and roaring, like thunder and drums, also like the cries of cattle and sheep in a cave. It can overturn houses and break trees. This indicates the movement of the earth's energy, the king's restlessness, and his urgent need to appoint noble ministers and virtuous advisors. Suspicion leads to military conflicts, and people's minds are unsettled. If the wind comes from the Palace direction on this day, it indicates mountain peaks splitting and riverbanks collapsing, and the king traveling while the land cracks open. If the wind comes from the Angle direction, it indicates locusts causing damage to crops. If it comes from the Metal direction, it indicates great floods and heavy rain. If it comes from the Sheng direction, it indicates deception and wolves causing trouble. If it comes from the Yu direction, it indicates heavy rain and abnormal cold weather, with misfortune for ministers.

商聲風，如離群羊，如扣鐘磬，如飛羽集，如鳴咽流水鳴聲惑人，發屋折木，主宮中兵起，鬪兵，急令關梁不通，耀貴。其日風從商來，白衣聚，關梁塞，大將退，外兵入。從角來，國有喪，兵行。從宮來，國有憂，將在外兵不戰。從徵來，君令行兵，主凶。從羽來，大雨至，在外兵解。

The wind of the Shang tone has a sound like a flock of sheep separating from the herd, like striking bells and zithers, like the gathering of bird wings, and also like weeping flowing water. Its sound is confusing to hear and can even cause the collapse of houses and the breaking of trees. This wind indicates rebellion within the palace, soldiers fighting each other, urgent orders to close gates and bridges, and rising prices of grain. If the wind comes from the Shang position on this day, it signifies the gathering of common people, blockage of passes and bridges, retreat of generals, and the arrival of foreign troops. If the wind comes from the Jue position, it indicates mourning within the country and the mobilization of troops. If it comes from the Gong position, it signifies national sorrow, with generals stationed outside but not engaging in battle. If it comes from the Zheng position, it indicates the monarch issuing orders for military action, which is an ominous sign. If it comes from the Yu position, it signifies heavy rain arriving, leading to the disbanding of armies abroad.

角聲風，如千人合聲呼嘯，或合合然。如千人唱，令人悲哀。如啾風鳴，雉登木，發屋折木，有急兵鬪入城邑。風從商來，有暴兵，軍令，宮中貴人疾，土工興。從羽來，野飢人。從徵來，絲貴有火燔。從宮來，不祥。從角來，不吉。

The sound of the horn wind resembles the simultaneous howling of thousands of people or the buzzing harmony of many voices; it is like the chorus of a thousand people, which causes sorrow upon hearing it; it also resembles the chirping wind and the startled cry of a jungle fowl flying up into a tree. This wind can lift roofs and break trees, indicating urgent military affairs and enemy forces fighting their way into towns and cities. If the wind comes from the Shang position, it signifies sudden arrival of troops and military orders, illness of a nobleman in the palace, and the commencement of construction projects. If the wind comes from the Yu position, it indicates famine among people in the fields. If it comes from the Zheng position, it suggests high prices for silk and fires burning. If it comes from the Gong position, it is an ominous sign. If it comes from the Jue position, it is also not auspicious.

徵音風，如奔馬、火炎，如縛彘聲發，屋行來火災，妖害、急事、兵行。其日風從徵來，火起、君憂。從角來，火災、土工、大旱。從宮來，喪泣、寺舍火災。從商來，有鬪兵。從羽來，寶物出，國多雷，震有使。

The wind of the徵 tone comes with a force like a galloping horse, like a raging fire, and sounds like the cries of pigs being tied up. It comes rushing in, causing fires, strange calamities, sudden emergencies, and military movements. If the wind comes from the徵 position on this day, it indicates a fire and the ruler's worry; if it comes from the角 position, it indicates a fire, construction projects, and a great drought; if it comes from the宫 position, it indicates mourning and crying, and fires in temples and houses; if it comes from the商 position, it indicates fighting among soldiers; if it comes from the羽 position, it indicates the emergence of treasures and many thunderstorms in the country, with envoys arriving after the thunder.

羽音風，如擊溫鼓，如糜鳴子，如水揚波，激氣相磋，發屋折木，兵起，耀貴。其日風從羽來，雨雹、霜災。從商來，兵鬪、將憂。從宮來，暴風、大雨、寒氣傷物。從徵來，臣民有憂。從羽來，城圍不去。風角之書。

The wind of the feather tone is like striking a muffled drum, like a deer calling to its young, like waves rising on the water's surface, with air currents colliding and rubbing against each other, capable of even tearing down houses and breaking trees. This indicates the outbreak of military conflict and rising grain prices. If the wind comes from the feather position on that day, it signifies rain with hail and frost disaster; if it comes from the metal position, it indicates fighting among soldiers and worries for generals; if it comes from the earth position, it indicates violent storms and heavy rain, with cold air damaging crops; if it comes from the fire position, it indicates worries for ministers and common people; if it still comes from the feather position, it indicates that the city is surrounded and enemy troops do not retreat. All these are contents recorded in the "Wind Angle" section of the divination texts.