Water contains fire, water makes a sound, water emerges with strange objects, the well flows by itself, vapor rises from the well, the marsh dries up, and fire does not rise upward.

京房《對災異》曰：“水中火出，何？所謂陰氣溢，亡陽施也。女妃無陽，則敵氣溢，至水中火出。不救，有天殃，陰害陽。其救也，正妃妾，率後宮，施命令，誥四方，嫁貞女，賜鰥寡，此災即消。”《地鏡》曰：“澤水忽自鳴，百姓哀；若作金聲，土地分裂；國及家井有音聲，皆君主將亡覆之，期三十日。”《地鏡》曰：“凡水中忽見異物，皆為大旱。”

Jing Fang's "Discourse on Portents" says: "Fire coming up from the water, what is the reason for this? It is called excessive yin energy overflowing outward and the yang energy losing its function. The position of the empress consort lacks yang energy to match, and the yin energy opposing yang overflows, thus causing fire to rise from the water. If no measures are taken to remedy this, there will be calamities sent down by heaven, with yin harming yang. The remedy is to properly establish the ranks of concubines, manage the harem well, issue orders, inform the people, arrange marriages for chaste women, and provide relief for widowers and widows. This portent will then dissipate." "The Earth Mirror" says: "If the water in lakes and marshes suddenly makes a sound, it indicates the people's sorrow; if it makes a metallic sound, it indicates the land splitting apart; if the well in the state or in a household makes a sound, it indicates the ruler is about to fall, with a period of thirty days." "The Earth Mirror" also says: "Whenever strange objects suddenly appear in the water, it indicates a great drought."

《瑞應圖》曰：“井不鑿自成，王者清淨，則出流，有仙人至之徵。”《地鏡》曰：“井中氣直上叩天，而王走民間，國大衰損，兵起。”京房曰：“澤枯歲貧，國易臣，不出三年，客辭。”《尚書大傳》曰：“棄法律，逐功臣，殺冢子，妾為妻，則火不炎上。”（君上行此四者，為天南宮之政官，於地，為火無故燔熾為害，是不上。）《漢五行志》曰：“讒夫昌，邪勝正，則火失其性，宗廟宮館災，是火不炎上也。”

The Ru Ying Tu says: "A well that does not need to be dug and naturally forms indicates that the king is quiet and non-interfering, and the spring water naturally flows. This is a sign that a immortal is about to arrive." The Di Jing says: "The vapor in the well rises straight upward and strikes the sky, indicating that the king is in exile among the people, the state's strength greatly declines, and military conflicts arise." Jing Fang says: "Lakes and marshes dry up, the harvest is poor, and there is a change of ministers in the country. Within three years, the foreign minister will resign." The Shang Shu Da Zhuan says: "Abandoning laws, expelling meritorious ministers, killing the eldest son, and making a concubine the official wife will result in 'fire not rising upwards.'" The original book's marginal note says: When the king does these four things, it corresponds to the southern palace's official in heaven, and on earth it is manifested as fire burning fiercely without cause and causing harm. This is called 'fire not rising upwards.' The Han Shu·Wu Xing Zhi says: "Those who spread slander gain power, and evil overpowers righteousness, so fire loses its nature, and fires break out in the ancestral temples and palaces. This is called 'fire not rising upwards.'"

《南燕錄》曰：“慕容超大正五年，南郊柴燎焰起而煙不出，靈臺張光令私於中書侍郎王景暉曰：煙者，國之種，今火旺煙滅，國其亡乎。”

The "Nan Yan Lu" records: "In the fifth year of Da Zheng of the Southern Yan Mu Yuangchao, at the southern altar, they piled firewood and burned it to sacrifice to Heaven. The flames rose high but produced no smoke. Lingtai Ling Zhang Guang privately told Zhongshu Shilang Wang Jinghui: 'Smoke is the seed of the state. Now the fire is strong but the smoke has vanished; the state may be doomed to perish.' "The southern altar fire offering is a grand ceremony for the Son of Heaven to sacrifice to Heaven. Smoke rising to the Star of Intelligence signifies the completion of the ritual. However, strong fire without smoke is regarded as an ominous sign."

《元命包》曰：“陰陽凝為霜。”《易坤卦》曰：“初六，履霜堅水至。象曰：履霜堅水，陰始凝也。馴致其道，至堅水也。”《禮記月令》曰：“季秋之月，霜始降，百工休。孟冬行秋令，則雪霜不時。”《考異郵》曰：“霜者陰精，冬令也。四時相代，以霜收殺，霜之為言亡也，物以終也。”曾子曰：“陰氣勝，凝為霜。”《地鏡》曰：“視屋上瓦，獨無霜者，其下有寶藏。”《援神契》曰：“霜挫物。”京房曰：“凡候霜下早晚，若正月一日雷，知七月一日霜下；若二月一日雷，即知八月一日霜下。”

The Yuan Ming Bao says: "When the yin and yang energies condense, frost is formed." The Zhou Yi, the Book of Changes, says: "Six at the beginning, stepping on frost, the firm water comes." The symbolic interpretation says: stepping on frost indicates the beginning of the condensation of yin energy; following this path leads to the firm water. Here, "firm water" is commonly written as "firm ice" in the standard edition, meaning that by stepping on frost, one knows that the time for firm ice is approaching. The Li Ji, the Book of Rites, says: "In the ninth month of the late autumn, frost begins to fall, and all artisans cease their work. If in the first month of the early winter, policies of autumn are implemented, snow and frost will arrive out of season." The Kao Yi You says: "Frost is the essence of yin, belonging to the season of winter. The four seasons alternate through the function of frost, which brings about the gathering and severity of the cold. The character for frost means 'withering,' indicating the end of all things." Zengzi says: "When yin energy overcomes yang energy, it condenses into frost." The Di Jing says: "By observing the tiles on the roof, if one tile is without frost, there is a treasure buried beneath it." The Yuan Shen Qi says: "Frost can weaken all things." Jing Fang says: "When predicting the time of frost, if thunder occurs on the first day of the first lunar month, frost will fall on the first day of the seventh lunar month; if thunder occurs on the first day of the second lunar month, frost will fall on the first day of the eighth lunar month."

又曰：“霜者，刑罰行也。霜者，所以成萬物也。刑罰者，所以誅惡人者也。刑一以懲十，殺一以全萬。非聖君居位，則刑罰妄行，誅殺不當，故天應以殞霜，於春於夏。臣依公結私，誅殺無罪，霜下在土；卻忠臣，依公結私，以緩有罪，霜附木；殺罰不由上，霜見風而飛；此皆刑罰不法之應。”

It is also said: "Frost represents the implementation of punishment. Frost is used to promote the growth of all things, and punishment is used to eliminate villains. Punishing one person can serve as a warning to ten, executing one person can protect ten thousand. If it is not a wise ruler who is in power, punishment will be misapplied, and wrongful executions will occur. Therefore, heaven responds with frost, either in spring or in summer. If ministers use official matters to form private factions, and execute the innocent, frost will fall on the soil; if they expel loyal ministers, use official matters to form private factions, and instead show leniency to the guilty, frost will cling to the trees; if punishments are not decided by the sovereign, frost will scatter with the wind. These are all manifestations of punishment that is not in accordance with the law."

又曰：“霜下，或未見日而欲曦者，此人君以喜怒行刑罰也；霜或見日而不曦，此人君執法堅不可犯也；霜或天陰不見星而有霜者，此臣下擅行誅罰也。興兵妄誅，厥災其霜殺五穀；誅不原情，茲謂不仁，冬先雨乃殞霜；有芒角，賢聖遭害，其霜附木，不下地。”《考異郵》曰：“穆公即位，仲夏霜殺草，日不消。僖公即位，殞霜不殺草，梅李實。不殺草者，臣威強；梅李大樹，此果為實，是君不能伐也。定公即位，殞霜殺菽；菽者，稼最強，季氏之萌也。”

It is also said: "When frost descends, some things have not yet seen the Sun and already melt away, which indicates that the ruler imposes punishments based on temporary anger and pleasure; some things have seen the Sun but do not melt, which indicates that the ruler upholds the law firmly and is not to be violated; some things fall with frost even though the sky is overcast and the stars are not visible, which indicates that ministers act arbitrarily in punishment. When armies are sent and reckless executions take place, the calamity is frost killing the five grains; when judgments are made without investigating the facts, this is called unkindness, and it is represented by winter rain followed by frost. When frost forms sharp points, it indicates that virtuous and wise people are persecuted, and this kind of frost adheres to trees without falling to the ground." The "Kao Yi You" says: "When Duke Mu of Lu took the throne, in the middle of summer frost fell and killed the weeds, and even after the Sun shone on them they did not melt. When Duke Xi of Lu took the throne, frost fell but did not kill the weeds, and plum and loquat trees instead bore fruit. Frost not killing the weeds indicates that ministers have too much authority; plum and loquat are large trees, and they bear fruit at this time, indicating that the ruler is unable to restrain them. When Duke Ding of Lu took the throne, frost fell and killed the bean sprouts; beans are the strongest among crops, symbolizing the emergence of the power of the Ji family."

《天鏡》曰：“霜非時而殺草，是時而不殺，併為蟲蝗，是謂大飢；春隕霜殺草木，是謂陰隆，臣強君弱，下不事上。”京房曰：“春下霜七日，七年聖人滅。”《春秋命曆序》曰：“桀無道，夏隕霜。”《師曠占》曰：“春夏一日，有霜雲者，君父治政，大嚴大苦大殺，天以示之。何以言之，霜威殺萬草，坐大殺也，見變如此，宜損威殺，重人命。”

The Tian Jing says: "When frost falls at the wrong time, it kills the grass, but when it should fall, it does not kill the grass, thus bringing about locust and insect plagues, which is called great famine; if frost falls in spring and kills the grass and trees, this is called 'Yin Long,' indicating strong ministers and weak sovereigns, with those below unwilling to serve those above." Jing Fang says: "If there is continuous frost for seven days in spring, there will be the demise of the sage within seven years." The Spring and Autumn Mandate Sequence says: "King Jie of Xia was unjust, and frost fell in summer." The Shi Kuang Divination says: "If there is frost or frost clouds on one day in spring or summer, this indicates that the sovereign and father ruler governs affairs with excessive severity and harshness, and heavy punishment. Heaven uses this to warn. Why? Because the power of frost can kill all grass, corresponding to heavy slaughter; upon seeing such a change, one should reduce severity and punishment, and value human lives."

京氏曰：“夏霜，君死國亡；霜下或無芒者，此人君行刑罰，而哀恕其人也；霜下或無芒者，此人君觀過，刺不深也；芒或旁指者，此人君旁言而刑人也；霜下或芒嚴者，此人君刺過深克者；芒或向下者，或如露微者，此人君盡欲加法一姓服屬也；霜下，或同類之物或不死，此人君知人有罰同，獨有所緩不誅，有以平法誅者；霜下或翩翩狀如雪者，此人君知人有罪，不以為意也，亦不出於狴牢也；霜或止於樹頭而不下地者，此下請決罪而上不下也；霜下，或有澤於物者，此人君欲殺直而下卻之也；霜下，晝夜不明而隕霜者，皆君臣誅，或心疑而逕行之，霜亦隨之於春；霜下，或重其日溫者，此行誅或依法深淺，故其日溫也；霜不下而物自以寒死者，此邪臣執法周密，眾人不知，物不得霜而死也；夜雨雪且為霜，為人君率臣重以為嚴也。”

The Jingshi School said: "In summer, if frost falls, it indicates the death of the sovereign and the fall of the state. If the frost falls without any芒刺, this suggests the sovereign applies punishment but still feels compassion and leniency towards those being punished; the absence of芒刺 may also indicate the sovereign only sees the surface of the offense and does not deeply criticize it. If the芒刺 leans to the side, this means the sovereign listens to others' words and sentences people unjustly; if the芒刺 is severe and strict, this means the sovereign criticizes faults too deeply and harshly; if the芒刺 points downward or is as fine as dew, this means the sovereign intends to apply punishment to the entire family of a particular surname; if frost falls but some things do not die, this means the sovereign knows some people should be punished the same way, yet he delays punishment for some and executes others according to normal law; if frost falls light and fluffy like snow, this means the sovereign knows someone is guilty but does not care and does not imprison them; if frost stops at the branches of trees and does not fall to the ground, this means lower officials request judgment but the higher authorities do not approve; if frost falls and turns into water on objects, this means the sovereign wants to kill the upright but the lower officials reject this; if frost falls and the day is warm despite the frost, this means the execution follows the law with distinctions of severity, hence the day is warm; if frost does not fall but all things freeze and die from the cold, this means wicked ministers enforce laws meticulously, and everyone is unaware, so things die without frost; if snow falls at night and turns into frost, this means the sovereign leads officials to impose harsh punishments in pursuit of severity."

《元命包》曰：“陰陽凝為雪。”《氾勝書》曰：“雪者，五穀之精。”曾子曰；“陰氣勝，則凝為雪。”《穆天子傳》曰：“雪盈數尺，年豐。”《八節占》曰：“冬有積雪，歲美人和。”又曰：“冬祁寒，降雪盈尺，年豐歲稔之候。”董仲舒曰：“太平之世，雪不封條，凌彌毒害而已。”《考異郵》曰：“庚辰，大雪深七尺，並者丈四尺。”京房曰：“雪附木者，此人君聽言殺忠臣也；雪未至地而復上，久而復下，此人君欲寬死罪；雪而溫者，此人君脫有罪。凡雪者，陰氣盛也，小人繫公結私，以脅其主而專其權，二月、九月而不已，此執法權正引邪以成賊理，故雪厚，為旱；薄，則為水；皆一百九十二日。”

The Yuanmingbao says: "When yin and yang qi condense, it becomes snow." The Fan Sheng Zhi Shu says: "Snow is the essence of the five grains." Zengzi says: "When yin qi overcomes yang qi, it condenses into snow." The Mu Tianzi Zhuan says: "When snow accumulates to several feet, it is a sign of a bountiful year." The Bajie Zhan says: "When there is accumulated snow in winter, the year is good and human affairs are harmonious." It also says: "When winter is extremely cold and snow accumulates to a foot, this is a sign of a bountiful harvest and ripe grains." Dong Zhongshu says: "In a time of peace, snow will not press down on branches, but only slight ice damage occurs." The Kao Yi You says: "On the day of Gengchen, there was heavy snow seven feet deep, and the accumulated snow in one place reached fourteen feet." Jingfang says: "When snow adheres to trees, it indicates the ruler listens to slander and kills loyal ministers; when snow falls but does not reach the ground, but instead floats up and falls later, it indicates the ruler wants to pardon capital punishment; when snow falls but the weather warms up, it indicates the ruler intends to exonerate the guilty. All snow is a manifestation of excessive yin qi. Petty people involve themselves in official matters to form private factions, using them to coerce the ruler and seize power. If snow continues in February and September, it indicates that officials in charge of justice control public authority, introduce wicked ministers, and create harmful situations. Therefore, heavy snow indicates drought; light snow indicates flooding; these effects will be verified within 192 days."

《天鏡》曰：“春雨雪不消，妻黨專政，擅持君威，天下飢，民死亡。”《易通卦驗》曰：“乾得坎之寒，則夏雨雪。”《天鏡》曰：“夏雨雪，必有大喪，天下兵起。”《詩推度災》曰：“違天地，絕人倫，則夏雨雪。”《晉朝雜事》曰：“太康七年，河陰雨赤雪二頃。”京房《易候》曰：“夏雨雪，國殃，必有喪，司馬為亂。”又曰：“君死國亡。”《天鏡》曰：“秋雨雪，百姓多死，草木零落，天下大喪。雪下，厚三尺以上，大兵方起。”

The Tian Jing says: "If it snows in spring but does not melt, it indicates that the wife's family will dominate, seizing the authority of the sovereign, leading to famine across the land and the death of the people." The term "wife's family" refers to the maternal relatives of the empress. The Yitong Guaxian says: "The Qian hexagram is affected by the cold energy of the Kan hexagram, and snow will fall in summer." The Tian Jing says: "If it snows in summer, there will certainly be great mourning and wars breaking out across the land." The Shi Tudu Zai says: "Disregarding the way of heaven and earth, and breaking the norms of human relations, will result in snow in summer." The Jin Dynasty Zashi records: "In the seventh year of Taikang, red snow fell in the area of He Yin, covering two qing of land." Jing Fang's Yihou says: "If it snows in summer, the country will suffer calamity, there will certainly be mourning, and the military commander will rebel." It also says: "The sovereign will die and the country will perish." The Tian Jing says: "If it snows in autumn, many people will die, grass and trees will wither, and there will be great mourning across the land. If the snow is more than three chi thick, great warfare is about to begin."

《考異郵》曰：“陰陽專精，凝合生雹。雹之言合也。”董仲舒曰：“雹者，陰氣脅陽也。”京房曰：“凡雹過大，人君惡聞其過也，抑賢不與共位，小人取利，布幣私施，所愛人專，施不普，當雨不雨，天反下雹，人有釁則嚴威集，人慾惑其君，故雹傷生。雹或殺飛鳥者，此人君信讒佞之言，行謫罰於廢人。”《月令》曰：“仲夏行冬令，則雹凍傷谷。”《感精符》曰：“大臣擅法，則雨雹。”

The "Kao Yi You" says: "The yin and yang energies each concentrate their essence, and when they condense together, they form hail. The character for hail means combination." Dong Zhongshu says: "Hail is when yin energy forces yang energy." Jing Fang says: "Whenever there is heavy hail, it indicates the ruler dislikes hearing about his own faults, suppresses virtuous people and refuses to share power with them, while villains take advantage of the situation, distribute wealth privately among themselves, and the favored ones monopolize the benefits. Grace and favor are not extended to all. When it should rain, it does not, and heaven instead sends hail. There are disputes in human affairs, and severe punishments gather as a result. Someone wants to deceive the ruler, so hail harms living things. Hail that kills flying birds indicates the ruler believes false words and punishes those who have already been dismissed." The "Liji · Yue Ling" says: "In the middle of summer, if policies of winter are implemented, there will be hail and frost that damage crops." The "Gan Jing Fu" says: "When ministers improperly control laws and decrees, hail will occur."

京房曰：“雹下，或毀瓦，碎破車，殺馬牛者，此人君任小人，伐其人；雹下盡剝樹木之枝，又害五穀者，此人君賦斂酷，民有殺者；雹下，或多狀如積雪者，此臣欲弒君也；雹下，或盡敗人禾稼者，此人君因春夏庶人有罪，執殺之；雹下，或霜俱降者，此人君私邪人從後退而誅之；雹下，極地而曎者，此人君私施邪人而下成之；雹下，或狀如積水者，此臣欲殺人君；雹下，或多芒，狀如雪者，此人君欲害人而甚者；雹下，或如梨實者，此人君大亂庶人而惡甚者；雹下，或與風俱降者，此人君施大亂其寒過度罰深；雹下，或狀如珠者，此人君欲害人而甚也。”

Jing Fang said: "Hail falling, some destroying roofs and tiles, smashing vehicles, killing horses and cattle, this is the ruler employing petty men to harm others; hail falling stripping the branches of trees and damaging the five grains, this is the ruler imposing harsh taxes and levies, causing the death of the people; hail falling in such abundance as piled snow, this is the ministers wanting to assassinate the ruler; hail falling destroying all the crops of the people, this is the ruler, during spring and summer when the people are guilty, arresting them and executing them; hail falling together with frost, this is the ruler secretly favoring wicked ministers, then later expelling and punishing them; hail falling on the ground and melting immediately, this is the ruler secretly showing favor to wicked ministers, with the people helping him do so; hail falling in the shape of accumulated water, this is the ministers wanting to kill the ruler; hail falling with many sharp points, in the shape of snow, this is the ruler intending to harm people and doing so severely; hail falling the size of pears, this is the ruler greatly disturbing the people and committing serious evil deeds; hail falling together with wind, this is the ruler governing in great disorder, imposing excessive cold punishments and severe penalties; hail falling in the shape of pearls, this is also the ruler intending to harm people and doing so severely."

《漢書五行志》曰：“大雨雹，常寒之罰。武帝元封三年十二月，雨雹，大如馬頭；宣帝地節四年，山陽、濟陰雨雹，如雞子，深二尺五寸，殺二十餘人，皆霍氏誅征也。”《續漢書五行志》曰：“孝安永初三年，雨雹，大如雁子，傷稼。是時，鄧太后專陽政。”《晉中興書》曰：“太和三年四月，雨雹，是時海西昏亂，相龍朱實等淫逆。太元二十一年四月，雨雹，是時王道子輔政，奸佞競進，烈宗不能禁絕，王室大亂。”《天鏡》曰：“夏雨雹，民飢。”

The "Book of Han: Five Phases Chapter" states: "A heavy hailstorm is a punishment for prolonged cold. In the third year of Yuanfeng of Emperor Wu of Han, December saw hailstones as big as horse heads; in the fourth year of Dijie of Emperor Xuandi, hailstones as large as chicken eggs fell in Shan Yang and Jiyin regions, accumulating to a depth of two feet five inches, killing more than twenty people. These were omens of the Huo clan's impending extermination." The Huo clan refers to the Huo Guang family, who held power as relatives of the emperor during Emperor Xuandi's reign and were later executed en masse. The "Continued Book of Han: Five Phases Chapter" records: "In the third year of Yongchu of Emperor An of Han, hailstones as big as swan eggs fell, damaging crops. At that time, Deng太后, as a female ruler, monopolized power that belonged to the emperor." The "Book of the Middle Rise of Jin" records: "In the fourth year of Tahe of the Eastern Jin, hail fell, and at that time, Haixi Emperor was corrupt and debauched, with officials like Xiang Long and Zhu Shi indulging in vice and rebellion. In the twentieth year of Taowu, hail fell again, and at that time, Prince Weijin of Kuaiji,司马道子, assisted in governance, with corrupt officials competing for favor, and Emperor Xiaowu could not stop them, leading to chaos in the royal court." The "Heavenly Mirror" says: "Hail falling in summer indicates famine among the people."

《地鏡》曰：“冰以春冰，有兵，其歲不成；冰夏冰，胡兵將起，人民無病而死，大飢，民流；秋冰，下臣憂，大兵起。”《左傳》：“成公十六年春正月，雨木冰，寒過節，冰著樹也。”《谷粱傳》曰：“陰陽失度，時寒過節，雨而木冰，志異也，根枝折。”《墨子》曰：“三苗大亂，天命殛之，夏冰。”京房曰：“夏水冰凍者，國君有疾病，民流亡，五穀不成，人民飢。”《說苑》曰：“秦始皇即位，夏凍。”《地鏡》曰：“水三月至八月忽有冰者，大兵喪。”

The "Di Jing" says: "If there is ice in spring, there will be military affairs, and the crops will not be harvested; if there is ice in summer, the armies of the Hu people will rise, the people will die even without illness, there will be great famine and people will flee; if there is ice in autumn, the ministers below will have worries, and great military affairs will arise." The "Zuo Zhuan" records: "In the first month of spring in the sixteenth year of Duke Cheng of Lu, it rained and ice formed on the trees, indicating that the cold air exceeded the season, and the ice adhered to the trees." The "Gu Liang Zhuan" says: "Yin and yang lose their regular order, the cold air of the season exceeds its limit, it rains and trees form ice, this records an anomaly, the roots and branches of the trees are crushed." The "Mozi" says: "The Sanmiao caused great chaos, heaven ordered their extermination, thus ice formed in summer." Jing Fang says: "If water freezes in summer, it indicates the ruler will be ill, the people will flee, the five grains will not mature, and the people will suffer from hunger." The "Shuo Yuan" records: "When Qin Shi Huang ascended the throne, it froze in summer." The "Di Jing" says: "If water suddenly freezes between March and August, it indicates great military calamities and chaos."

《漢書五行志》曰：“劉歆云：陽強不下通，陰弛不上達，故雨而木為冰。木，曲直也。劉向以為：水，陰之隆；木，少陽，貴臣象。此人將有害，則陰氣脅木。叔孫喬如出奔，公子偃誅死，公見執辱之異也。”或曰：“長老名木，水為木介，介甲兵象也。”《晉中興書》曰：“大興三年二月，雨木冰，其後有王敦之難。”京房《易候》曰：“夏而凍，其鄉有流亡。”《地鏡》曰：“水冬不冰，易王，或飢兵。”

The "Book of Han, Five Phases Chapter" records: "Liu Xin said: When the yang energy is strong but cannot descend, and the yin energy is slack but cannot ascend, then rain falls and trees form ice. The nature of wood is to be both flexible and straight. Liu Xiang believed: Water represents the extreme of yin energy, and wood belongs to the minor yang, symbolizing a noble minister; when a noble minister faces calamity, yin energy will oppress the image of wood. Later, Shu Sun Qiao Ru fled, Prince Yan was executed and died, and Duke Cheng was detained and humiliated, which was the fulfillment of this anomaly." Someone said: "An elderly and virtuous person is called wood. Water condensing on wood is called wood intermediate, intermediate being jia, symbolizing military force." The "Book of the Middle Revival of Jin" records: "In the second year of Daxing, February, it rained and trees formed ice, and afterwards the Wang Dun Rebellion occurred." Jing Fang's "Yi Divination Signs" says: "Freezing in summer indicates that there will be people fleeing." The "Earth Mirror" says: "Water does not freeze in winter, indicating a change of ruler or famine and military disaster."

京房曰：“有德遭險，茲謂逆命，厥異寒。”《洪範五行傳》曰：“聽之不聰，是謂不謀，厥罰恆寒。”《晉中興書》曰：“大興四年冬，大寒，民凍死。是時，王敦肆亂而天子不能禁，任意，專殺戮，及忠良。”京房《易候》曰：“夏有遺冬，人民行訴；夏而欠寒，其國有急；冬而不凍澤，其鄉有疾疫；冬至後十日不凍者，人君不行，刑不嚴；一曰：緩死罪，不誅。”

Jing Fang said, "A virtuous person meets difficulties, which is called defying the mandate of Heaven, and its variation is abnormal cold." The "Hong Fan Wu Xing Zhuan" said, "Not being able to listen attentively, this is called not being good at planning, and its punishment is frequent cold." The "Jin Zhongxing Shu" records, "In the fourth year of Da Xing, winter was extremely cold, and common people froze to death. At that time, Wang Dun acted recklessly while the Son of Heaven could not prevent him, he acted arbitrarily, committed arbitrary killings, and did not spare loyal and virtuous men." Jing Fang's "Yi Hou" said, "If winter's cold remains in summer, the people will go out to complain; if summer is supposed to be hot but is instead cold, the country will face urgent difficulties; if the lakes and marshes do not freeze in winter, there will be epidemics in that area; if ice does not form ten days after the winter solstice, it indicates that the ruler's decrees cannot be implemented, punishments are not strict; another interpretation is that capital punishment is lenient and criminals are not executed."

《元命包》曰：“陰陽亂為霧。”《莊子》曰：“騰水上溢，故為霧。”《爾雅》曰：“地氣發，天不應，曰霧。”董仲舒曰：“太平之世，霧不塞望。”東方朔曰：“凡霧氣，不順四時，逆相交錯，微風小雨，為陰陽氣亂之象，從寅至辰巳上，周而復始，為逆者不成，積日不解，晝夜昏暗，天下欲分離。”《京房易候》曰：“甲乙有霧，疾疫；丙丁有霧，旱；戊己有霧，鄰國有城拔，無軍，有土功事；庚辛有霧，兵；壬癸有霧，為水。冬霧及其門，日懸而霧，馬馳人起，不雨霧曰兵所走。”

The Yuanmingbao says: "When the yin and yang energies are disordered, mist arises." The Zhuangzi says: "When water vapor rises and spreads upward, it becomes mist." The Erya says: "When the earth's energy ascends and the heavenly energy does not respond to it, it is called mist." Dongfang Shuo says: "In times of peace, mist does not block people's vision." He says: "All mist does not follow the regular order of the four seasons, but instead goes against them, and is accompanied by light winds and light rain, which is a sign of disorder between the yin and yang energies. From the time of Yin to Chen and Si, it recurs cyclically, indicating that those who plot rebellion will not succeed; if the mist persists for several days, with darkness throughout day and night, it indicates that the world will be split apart." The Jingfang Yi Hou says: "If there is mist on Jia or Yi days, it indicates plague; on Bing or Ding days, it indicates drought; on Wu or Ji days, it indicates that a neighboring state will have its city captured, or if there is no military action, there will be construction projects; on Geng or Xin days, it indicates military affairs; on Ren or Gui days, it indicates water disasters. If mist spreads to the gate in winter, and the sun is high but the mist does not dissipate, it indicates horses will run and people will rise up, and military affairs will be stirred up; if mist arises without rain, it indicates a large number of soldiers will be moving about."

《帝王世紀》曰：“黃帝五十年秋七月庚申，天大霧三日三夜，霧除，帝遊洛水之上，見大魚負圖書，今《河圖帝視萌》篇是也。”《河圖》曰：“山，冬大霧十日以上不除者，山崩之候也。山，水脈也。”郗萌曰：“凡霧四合，有虹各見其方，隨四時凶氣，青黃更相掩。”《運斗樞》曰：“四獨霧下，天下寬。”《晉書天文志》曰：“晝霧夜明，臣志得伸。”《孝經洞寶冊》曰：“世無道，皇不用孝，法去兵經，五霧並起，蒼蒼鬱鬱淫淫，蔽四方。”

The "Imperial Chronology" records: "In the fiftieth year of the Yellow Emperor, during the seventh month of autumn on the Gengshen day, heavy fog fell for three days and three nights. After the fog dispersed, the Yellow Emperor was enjoying himself by the upper reaches of the Luo River and saw a big fish carrying a book appear, which is now known as the "River Chart Imperial Vision" chapter." The "River Chart" says: "When heavy fog arises in winter on the mountains and lasts for more than ten days without dispersing, it is a sign that the mountain is about to collapse. Mountains are the channels of water vapor." Xi Meng says: "Whenever fog arises from all four directions and rainbows appear in each direction, it should be interpreted according to the ominous influences of the four seasons, with alternating appearances of blue and yellow colors." The "Yun Dou Shu" says: "When fog falls exclusively in all four directions, the world will be broad and open." The "Jin Shu · Astronomical Records" says: "When there is fog during the day but clear skies at night, it indicates that the aspirations of ministers and officials can be realized." The "Xiao Jing Dong Bao Ce" says: "When the world is without virtue, the king does not practice filial piety, the laws are neglected, military books are abandoned, and a mist of five colors rises together, dark and dense, spreading endlessly and obscuring all directions."

《天鏡》曰：“天雨霧如黃土，百姓勞苦、奔亡、不安，名曰黃霧。”《漢書元后傳》曰：“成帝時，王大弟封侯，其夏，黃霧四塞終日。”《晉中興書》曰：“大寧元年，黃霧四塞，王敦之應。成和元年，大霧，步武不相見，會稽王道子專政之應也。”《陸機別傳》曰：“機被誅日，大風折木，天地霧合。”《兵書》曰：“白霧四面圍城，必有兵到城下，不出其日。”《史記》曰：“上至平城，匈奴圍王，七日大霧，漢使人來往，胡不覺。”《抱朴子》曰：“白霧四面圍城，不出百日，大兵至城下。”

The Tianjing says: "Fog falling from the sky with the color of yellow soil indicates the people suffering hardship, fleeing and being displaced, and not finding peace. This kind of fog is called 'Yellow Mist.'" The Han Shu, Yuanhou Zhuan records: "During the time of Emperor Cheng of Han, the brothers of the Wang family were enfeoffed as marquises. That summer, yellow mist filled the sky all day long." The Jin Zhongxing Shu records: "In the first year of Taaning, yellow mist filled the sky, which was a sign of Wang Dun's rebellion. In the first year of Xianhe, there was a heavy fog, so that people could not see each other even within a step's distance, which was a sign of the Prince of Kuaiji,司马道子, holding power alone." The Lu Ji Bi Zhuan records: "On the day Lu Ji was killed, strong winds broke the trees, and a fog surrounded the heavens." The Bingshu says: "White mist surrounding a city from all sides indicates that troops will arrive at the city's gates, and they will arrive by the same day." The Shiji records: "When the emperor arrived at Pingcheng, he was surrounded by the Xiongnu. For seven days, there was heavy fog, and Han envoys moved through the fog, while the Xiongnu did not notice." The BaoPu Zi says: "White mist surrounding a city from all sides indicates that the army will arrive at the city's gates within a hundred days."

《黃帝》曰：“霧者，百邪之氣，陰來昌陽，奸臣擅君權立威。”《荊州占》曰：“晝霧夜明，臣志得伸；夜霧晝明，臣志不伸；霧終日終時，君有憂色；黃，小雨。”郗萌曰：“霧從夜半至日中不解，遂上為霧，君不悟，行邪政於百姓，過日中而似雨，強氣所避。”《河圖》曰：“霧乍散，臣欲謀君，為逆者不成，自亡。”《荊州占》曰：“凡霧氣四方俱起，百步不見人，名曰昏，不有破國，必有滅門。”甘氏曰：“霧，秋以庚申、辛酉日，氣色白，東行為利客，先舉兵者勝，後舉兵者敗。”巫咸曰：“霧，夏以丙丁、巳午日，赤黃氣，西行為利客，主人凶。”《海中占》曰：“霧，冬以壬癸、亥子日，氣青黑色，南行，興軍動眾。”

The Yellow Emperor said: "Fog is formed by various evil energies, when Yin energy invades and takes away Yang energy, it indicates a minister usurping the sovereign's power and establishing personal authority." The Jingzhou Divination said: "Fog in the day and clear skies at night indicate that ministers' aspirations will be realized; fog at night and clear skies in the day indicate that ministers' aspirations will not be realized; fog that does not dissipate throughout the entire day indicates the sovereign is troubled and gloomy; fog with a yellow color indicates there will be light rain." Xi Meng said: "Fog starting from the middle of the night and not dissipating until noon, then rising again, indicates the sovereign is not enlightened and is implementing perverse policies towards the people; if after noon it seems as if rain is about to come, it indicates being avoided by strong energies." The Yellow River Chart said: "Fog that suddenly arises and suddenly dissipates indicates ministers plotting against the sovereign, rebels will not succeed and will be destroyed." The Jingzhou Divination said: "Whenever fog rises from all four directions and people cannot be seen beyond one hundred paces, this is called 'hun,' which means either a state will fall or a family will be destroyed." The Gan school said: "Fog appearing in autumn on Gengshen and Xinyou days, with a white color and moving eastward, is favorable for the guest army, the one who initiates the attack will win, and the one who follows will lose." Wu Xian said: "Fog appearing in summer on Bingding and Siwu days, with a reddish-yellow color and moving westward, is favorable for the guest army, and the defending side will suffer misfortune." The Sea Divination said: "Fog appearing in winter on RenGui and Zishiyi days, with a dark blue-black color and moving southward, indicates military mobilization."

《元命包》曰：“陰陽散為露。”曾子曰：“陽勝則散為露。”蔡氏《月令》曰：“露者，陰液也，曎為露。”《論衡》曰：“露，秋氣所生也。”《易通卦驗》曰：“立秋，白露下。”《元命包》曰：“露以潤草。”《運斗樞》曰：“天樞得則甘露濁。”《五經通義》曰：“和氣津凝，為露從地出。”《禮運》曰：“聖王所以為而弗悖也，天降甘露，地出醴泉。”《命曆序》曰：“桀紂無道，露冬下。”《呂氏春秋》：“伊尹說湯曰：水之美者，三危之露；和之美者，雩揭之露，其色紫。”《地鏡》曰：“圖視山川，多露無霜者，其下有美玉。”《瑞應圖》云：“耆老得敬，則柘受甘露；尊賢愛老，不失細微，則竹葦受甘露。”

The Yuanmingbao says: "When the yin and yang energies dissipate, dew is formed." Zengzi says: "When yang energy overcomes yin energy and dissipates, dew is formed." Cai's "Monthly Orders Commentary" says: "Dew is the yin's fluid, and when it melts, it becomes dew." The Lunheng says: "Dew is produced by the autumn qi." The Yitongguayang says: "At the beginning of autumn, white dew falls." The Yuanmingbao says: "Dew is used to moisten grass and trees." The Yundoushu says: "When the first star of the Big Dipper, Tianshu, moves properly, sweet dew becomes thick." The Wujing Tongyi says: "When harmonious qi condenses, it forms dew rising from the ground." The Li Ji · Liyun says: "The reason why sage kings act in accordance with the principles is because heaven sends sweet dew and the earth produces sweet spring water." The Mingli Xu says: "When Xia Jie and Shang Zhou were unjust, dew fell in winter." The Lushishi Chunqiu records: "Yi Yin advised King Tang of Shang: the best water is the dew from Sanwei Mountain; the best seasoning is the dew from Yujie Mountain, which has a purple color." The Dijing says: "By examining the map of mountains and rivers, where there is much dew but no frost, there is a hidden jade beneath." The Ruiyingtupu says: "When the elderly are respected, the柘 tree receives sweet dew; when the virtuous are honored and the elderly are cared for, even in the smallest details, bamboo and reeds receive sweet dew."

《爾雅》曰：“風而雨土，為霾。”郝萌曰：“凡天地四方，昏蒙若下塵，十五日以上，或一月，或一時，雨不沾衣而有土，名曰霾。故曰：天地霾，君臣乖，若不大旱，外人來。”《爾雅》曰：“陰而風為噎。”《說文》曰：“噎，天地陰沉也。”《紀年》曰：“帝辛受時，周大噎。周昭王十九年，天大噎，雉兔皆震。惠成王元年，晝晦。十六年，邯鄲四噎，室多壞，民多死。”

The Er Ya says: "When there is wind and dust falls, it is called haze." Hao Meng says: "Whenever the sky and earth are dark and hazy as if dust is falling from above, lasting for more than fifteen days, or a month, or a season, and the dust falls but does not make the clothes wet, yet carries soil, this is called 'haze.' Therefore, when heaven and earth are covered with haze, it indicates that the sovereign and ministers are not in harmony; if there is no great drought, there will be an external enemy coming." The Er Ya also says: "When the sky is dark and there is wind, it is called噎." The Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "Yē is when the sky and earth are dark." The Zhuan Shu Ji Nian records: "During the time when King Di Xin Zhou was in power, the area of Zhou was greatly affected by yē. In the nineteenth year of King Zhou Zhao's reign, there was a great yē, causing wild chickens and rabbits to be startled and shaken. In the first year of King Liang Hui Cheng's reign, the daylight was dark. In the sixteenth year, the area of Handan was surrounded by darkness and yē, with many houses destroyed and many people dying."

《說文》曰：“霰，稷雪也。從雨，散聲。”《釋名》曰：“霰，星也。水雪相搏，如星而霰。”曾子曰：“陰之專氣為霰。”《爾雅》曰：“霰為消雪。”郭璞注云：“霰水雪雜下，故為消雪也。”《毛詩》曰：“如彼雨雪，先集維霰。”注云：“霰，暴雪也。或云：雪上遇溫氣而搏之，霰也。”

The Shuowen Jiezi says: "Xian is like millet grains of snow. The character is formed with the radical for rain and the sound of 'san'." The Ximing says: "Xian is like stars. When water and snow collide and strike together, they form particles like stars, hence called xian." Zengzi says: "When the yin energy is concentrated and凝聚, it becomes xian." The Erya says: "Xian is the melting of snow." Guo Pu's commentary says: "Xian is when water and snow mix and fall together, hence called melting snow." The Mao Shi says: "It is like before snow falls, the xian first gathers." The commentary says: "Xian is sudden snow. Another explanation is that when snow meets warm air at the upper layer and is compressed into particles, it becomes xian."

《說文》曰：“霽者，雨止也，雲罷貌。”《晉中興徵祥說》曰：“咸和四年，陰霖五十餘日，蘇峻滅後，乃霽。”《魏略五行志》曰：“延康元年，大霖雨五十餘日，魏有天下乃霽，將受大祚之應也。”

The Shuowen Jiezi says: "Ji means rain has stopped, and it is the appearance of clouds dispersing." The Jin Zhongxingsheng Xiangshuo records: "In the fourth year of Xianhe, continuous rain lasted over fifty days, but after Su Jun was defeated, the Star of Intelligence cleared up." The Wei Liezhuan · Wuxing Zhi records: "In the first year of Yankuang, heavy rain lasted over fifty days, and after the Wei state gained the empire, the Star of Intelligence cleared up, which was a sign of receiving a great mandate."

《釋名》曰：“蒙，日不明，蒙，濛濛然也。”京房曰：“臣私祿及親，茲謂罔闢，厥異蒙行。善不請於上，茲謂祚福，蒙一日五起五解，闢不謀臣，臣闢異道，上蒙下霧；立嗣子疑，茲謂動欲，蒙赤，日不明；利邪以食，茲謂閉上，蒙大起，日不見，若雨不雨，十二日解；祿生於下，茲謂誣君，蒙微而小雨，已乃大雨；下相攘善，茲謂盜明，蒙黃濁；下陳功於上，茲謂不知，蒙微而赤，風鳴條，夜復蒙，不解。”

The Shiming says: "Meng means the sun is not bright; Meng is the appearance of dim and hazy darkness." Jing Fang says: "When a minister privately distributes his salary to his relatives, this is called looking down upon the sovereign; its variation is the prevalence of Meng qi. When one does good deeds but does not report them to the sovereign, this is called stealing merit; Meng qi rises five times and dissipates five times within a single day. When the sovereign does not consult with his ministers and sovereign and minister each follow their own path, then above is Meng and below is mist. When establishing a successor but hesitating and indecisive, this is called the heart stirred by desire; Meng qi turns red and the sun is not bright. When gathering wealth for personal gain, this is called obscuring the sovereign; Meng qi rises greatly, the sun is not visible, like rain about to fall but not falling, and it takes twelve days to dissipate. When salary is privately generated from below, this is called deceiving the sovereign; Meng qi is slight and light rain falls, then heavy rain follows. When below they compete to take credit for each other's good deeds, this is called stealing brightness; Meng qi turns yellow and becomes turbid. When below they report their own merits to the sovereign, this is called the sovereign being unaware; Meng qi is slight and turns red, the wind makes the branches rustle, and at night Meng arises again, but does not dissipate."

《春秋潛潭巴》曰：“大蒙三十日，群猾起。”《抱朴子》曰：“若蒙氣圍城，或入於城，則外兵得入；若蒙氣從內出，主人出戰。”《尚書中候》曰：“桀無道，地吐黃，黃是蒙也。”《禮記月令》曰：“仲冬行夏令，氣蒙冥冥。”《演孔圖》曰：“猾待期，則赤蒙沾冠。”《黃帝占》曰：“凡連陰十日，晝不見日，夜不見月，亂風四起，欲雨而無雨，名曰蒙，臣謀君。故曰：久陰不雨，臣謀主。”郗萌曰：“濛霧者，邪氣也，陰來沖陽，奸臣謀君，在天為蒙，在人為霧。日月不見，為蒙；前後人不相見，為霧。”《荊州占》曰：“夜蒙晝明，臣謀政；晝霧夜明，臣得伸志。”

The Spring and Autumn Annals of Qiantanba says: "A great mists lasts thirty days, and then a group of wicked people will rise up in rebellion." The Baopuzi says: "If the mists surround a city or penetrate into it, then the army outside the city can enter; if the mists rise from within the city outward, then the defenders will have to go out to fight." The Shangshu Zhonghou says: "King Jie of Xia was unjust, and the earth exhaled yellow vapor, which is the mists." The Li Ji · Yue Ling says: "If in the eleventh month of winter the policies of summer are implemented, the air will become dim and hazy." The Yan Kong Tu says: "Wicked people wait for the right moment, and the red mists will moisten people's clothes and hats." The Huangdi Zhan says: "Whenever there are ten consecutive cloudy days, the sun cannot be seen by day and the moon cannot be seen by night, and strong winds blow from all directions, like rain but without rain, this is called 'mists,' indicating that ministers plot against the sovereign. Therefore, prolonged cloudy weather without rain indicates that ministers plot against the sovereign." Xi Meng says: "Mists and fog are both evil vapors; when the yin vapor attacks the yang vapor, it indicates that wicked ministers plot against the sovereign; in the heavens it is called mists, and on earth it is called fog. When the sun and moon are not visible, it is mists; when people in front and behind cannot see each other, it is fog." The Jingzhou Zhan says: "If mists arise at night but the day is clear, it indicates that ministers plot for power; if fog arises in the day but the night is clear, it indicates that ministers can realize their ambitions."

《易說卦》曰：“震為雷，動萬物者，莫疾乎雷。”《河圖始開圖》曰：“陰陽相薄為雷。”《河圖帝通紀》曰：“雷，天地之鼓也。”《洪範五行傳》曰：“雷者，諸侯之象也。”《河圖》曰：“黃帝以雷精起。”《尚書中候》曰：“秦穆公出狩，天震大雷，下有火，化為白雀，銜丹書，集公車。”《史記》曰：“高祖母劉媼，嘗息大澤之陂，夢與神遇，時雷霆冥晦，見蛟龍於其上，已而有娠，遂產高祖。”《元命包》曰：“陰陽為雷。”

The Zhou Changes (I Ching) says: "The Zhen trigram symbolizes thunder, which moves all things. Nothing is more swift than thunder." The River Chart Beginnings says: "When yin and yang energies clash, thunder is produced." The River Chart Records of the Yellow Emperor says: "Thunder is the drum of heaven and earth." The Flood Plan Five Phases Transmission says: "Thunder symbolizes the princes." The River Chart says: "The Yellow Emperor rose to power through the essence of thunder." The Book of Documents: Middle Records records: "When Duke Mu of Qin went hunting, there was a loud thunderclap in the sky, with fire below, transforming into a white magpie, which held a red book in its mouth and landed on Duke Mu's chariot." The Records of the Grand Historian records: "The mother of Han Gaozu, Liu Ao, once rested by the banks of a great marsh, and dreamed of meeting a god. At that time, thunder and lightning occurred, the sky was dark, and a dragon appeared on her body. Afterward, she became pregnant and gave birth to Han Gaozu." The Yuan Ming Bao says: "When yin and yang energies clash, thunder is produced."

京房曰：“凡雷者，陰陽合和，震動萬物，使各戴其元而起，故雷以動，聞百里，或聞七十里，或聞五十里，或聞二十里，各應其德而起，以應人君行之動靜。或雨且雷，和氣令雷，聲或殷殷轢轢，風雨微，皆陰陽和，利稼之雨，象君臣百姓和合也。”《論衡》曰：“圖畫之士，圖雷之狀，累累如連鼓形，又圖一人若力士之容，謂之雷公。”京房曰：“雷者，月當有效於消息，以為主聲聞於人，雷之為政，大壯始，君臣強，從解起。”《風俗通》曰：“雷已發聲，作醬，令人腸中雷鳴，故雷不作醬也。”

Jing Fang said, "All thunder is the harmonious combination of yin and yang energies, shaking all things and causing each thing to sprout with its own vital energy. Therefore, when thunder occurs, some can be heard within a hundred li, some within seventy li, some within fifty li, and some within twenty li, varying according to the thickness of their virtue, corresponding to the movements and stillness of the sovereign. Sometimes rain and thunder occur together, which is the harmonious qi causing thunder to sound. The thunder sounds rumbling and booming, but the rain and wind are not strong. These are rains of harmonious yin and yang, beneficial for crops, symbolizing harmony between sovereign and ministers and the people." The Lunheng said, "Painters depict the form of thunder as a series of drum-like shapes connected together, and they also draw a figure resembling a strong man, calling him Leigong." Jing Fang said, "Thunder should manifest its effects in the waxing and waning of the monthly phases, transmitting its sound to the human world. The affairs governed by thunder begin with the Dazhuang hexagram, where sovereign and ministers are both strong, and then proceed from the Jie hexagram." The Fengsu Tong said, "If one makes sauce after thunder has already sounded, it will cause a rumbling sound in the stomach, like thunder. Therefore, one does not make sauce during thunder."

京房曰：“雷起乾宮，人民多疾病；雷起坎宮，國邑多雨；雷起艮宮，禾好枲長，五穀賤；雷起震宮，五穀暴貴，多傷；雷起箕宮，雨霜傷五穀；雷起離宮，夏少水，旱，蝗蟲；雷起坤宮，蝗蟲害五穀；雷起兌官，兵起，銅鐵貴；雷起水門，流潦滂沱；雷起天門，人不安；雷起石門，蝗蟲食，大凶；雷起木門，棺木貴，歲大熟；雷起風門，霜禾傷；雷起金門，銅鐵貴；雷起火門，夏旱，蝗蟲食；雷起土門，五穀賤，魚不長；雷起鬼門，人民常暴死。

Jing Fang said: Here, Qian, Kan, Gen, Zhen, Li, Kun, and Dui are the trigrams corresponding to the directions. Ji refers to the direction associated with Ji Xu (the Winnowing Basket mansion). The various "doors" below water gate and heaven gate are the names of the gates established on the compass according to the Five Phases and the eight directions. Thunder originating from the Qian direction causes many people to fall ill; originating from the Kan direction causes frequent rain in the state and townships; originating from the Gen direction results in good growth of millet and tall hemp, with cheap grain prices; originating from the Zhen direction causes a sharp rise in grain prices and much damage; originating from the Ji direction causes rain and frost to damage the grain; originating from the Li direction causes little water in summer, drought, and locusts; originating from the Kun direction causes locusts to destroy the grain; originating from the Dui direction causes military conflicts to arise and the price of copper and iron to rise. Thunder originating from the water gate causes flooding and disaster; originating from the heaven gate causes unrest among the people; originating from the stone gate causes locusts to eat the crops, which is extremely dangerous; originating from the wood gate causes expensive coffins and a bountiful harvest; originating from the wind gate causes frost to damage the grain; originating from the metal gate causes the price of copper and iron to rise; originating from the fire gate causes drought in summer and locusts to eat the crops; originating from the earth gate causes cheap grain prices and fish not to grow; originating from the ghost gate causes frequent sudden deaths among the people.

春始雷東方，東方五穀盡熟，人民蕃殖，以夜雷，歲半熟；雷始南方，歲小旱，夜雷，大旱，糴倍，種不成；雷始西方，谷小熟，有蟲，夜雷，六畜病；雷始西方，五穀不熟，有曝骨其野，馬牛大病，夜雷，赤地千里，糴貴；雷始北方，海水出，百川皆流溢，五穀不成，夜雷，百川皆溢。春不雷而霜，樹木以風落，皆為人疾病。

This is Jing Fang's words: The first thunderclap in spring sounds in the east, and the five grains in the east are fully ripe, with population increasing; if the thunder sounds at night, only half the harvest is obtained. If the first thunderclap sounds in the south, there will be a slight drought; if it sounds at night, there will be a severe drought, grain prices double, and seeds will not grow. If the first thunderclap sounds in the west, there is a slight harvest of grain, but pests will occur; if it sounds at night, livestock will fall ill. If the first thunderclap sounds in the west, the five grains will not be ripe, and there will be exposed white bones in the fields, with horses and cattle suffering serious illness; if it sounds at night, the land will be completely barren, and grain prices will be high. If the first thunderclap sounds in the north, the sea water will overflow, and all rivers will flood, and the five grains will not be harvested; if it sounds at night, all rivers will overflow. If there is no thunder in spring but frost occurs, trees will have their branches and leaves blown off by the wind, which indicates people will fall ill.

春三月，甲子、己壬、戊寅、辛卯、戊午，有雷霹靂石，其下有兵；春夏甲子、丙寅、戊子，有雷殺人，有將軍在外大戰，期不出三十日；夏三月，雷電不聞，多疾病，害五穀；夏三月甲子、己壬、戊寅、辛卯，疾風雷，其在城壞軍，在外大戰。戊子雷，雲露變，土易民，以其雷入月深淺，日當一月，或當一歲，不出其月，必有亡國、死王；庚子雷，必有惡令，期不出三十日，或日有令；庚午日雷，不出其月，兵起；甲子雷，亦兵矣。春己壬、丁壬，夏甲午、壬戌、己亥、丁未，冬甲寅。

Following Jing Fang's theory, during the third month of spring, if there are thunderclaps on the days of Jiazi, Jihai, Wuyin, Xinmao, and Wuwu, stones will be split by the thunder, indicating military conflict below. In the transition between summer and spring, on the days of Jiazi, Bingyin, and Wuzi, if thunder strikes and kills people, it signifies a general fighting a major battle outside, with the event occurring within thirty days. In the third month of summer, if there is no thunder or lightning, it indicates many diseases and damage to the grain crops. In the third month of summer, if there is sudden wind and thunder on the days of Jiazi, Jihai, Wuyin, and Xinmao, the city's military forces will be destroyed, and there will be major battles outside. If there is thunder on Wuzi day, the clouds, dew, and moisture will change abnormally, leading to a change in land ownership and people moving. By calculating the depth of the thunder's arrival in the month, one day can be considered as a month or a year. Within the same month, there will certainly be the fall of a country or the death of a king. If there is thunder on Gengzi day, there will certainly be harsh and tyrannical policies, occurring within thirty days or even on the same day, with orders being issued. If there is thunder on Gengwu day, military conflict will arise within the same month. If there is thunder on Jiazi day, it also indicates military conflict. In spring, the days of Jihai and Dinghai; in summer, the days of Jiawu, Renxu, Jihai, and Dingwei; and in winter, the day of Jiayin are all days that indicate such events.

又曰：春戊寅，夏戊申，冬戊子，不雨而雷，雷之所建有所將流血。戊子雷，雨三日止，其下大戰，不雨而雷，外兵必歸，不雨而雷，兵起必阻。王者動事不時，正月大雷；動事不明，但雷而不電。當雷不雷，太陽弱，此君弱臣強，臣奪君政，故春分之後，雷不發聲，君當揚威武，退強臣，正治道，當發聲矣。人神德隆，雷鳴盛春。秋分雷，春分不雷；秋分不雷，春分雷。春過一日，秋亦過一日。春雷不發，秋雷不藏，君死國亡。冬雷上朔，皆為所當之鄉，骸骨盈野，夜雷亦然。冬雷者，陽氣之盛應之，各以雷之日，知何方鳴。東方各以其辰為方。冬三月，有大雷聞千里者，人君絕令；霹霹者，以兵去；溫者，以弱去矣。天冬雷，地必震，教令撓，則冬雷，民飢。冬雷不蟄，茲謂自藏，萬物化不成。”

It is also said that on the day of Wuyin in spring, Wushen in summer, and Wuzi in winter, if it does not rain but thunder occurs, the direction indicated by the thunder will experience bloodshed. If thunder occurs on a Wuzi day and rain stops after three days, there will be a great battle in that area; if thunder occurs without rain, the army outside will certainly return; if thunder occurs without rain, military campaigns will certainly face obstacles. If a king acts improperly in the first month, there will be a great thunderstorm; if he acts unwise, there will be thunder but no lightning. If thunder does not occur when it should, it indicates the decline of the Star of brightness and prestige, which signifies a weak king and strong ministers, with ministers seizing power from the king. Therefore, after the vernal equinox, if thunder does not sound, the king should display his might, expel the tyrannical ministers, and correct the way of governing the country, and then thunder will sound. When both humans and spirits have virtue, thunder will sound in the height of spring. Thunder occurs at the autumnal equinox but not at the vernal equinox; if it does not occur at the autumnal equinox, it will occur at the vernal equinox. If spring is delayed by one day, autumn will also be delayed by one day. If spring thunder does not sound and autumn thunder does not retreat, it indicates the death of the king and the fall of the state. If thunder occurs on the new moon day in winter, it should be in the direction indicated by the thunder, with corpses scattered everywhere; if thunder occurs at night, it is the same. Thunder in winter is a sign of excessive yang energy. According to the day branch, one can determine which direction the thunder occurs. The eastern direction is determined by its corresponding branch. In the third month of winter, if there is a great thunder that echoes thousands of miles, it indicates the disruption of the king's government. Thunder with a loud clap signifies the end of military affairs; thunder with a gentle sound indicates a weak outcome. If thunder occurs in winter in the sky, there will certainly be an earthquake on the ground; if education and government are disturbed, there will be thunder in winter, and the people will suffer from famine. If thunder occurs in winter but insects do not hibernate, this is called self-concealment, and the generation of all things will not be completed.

《天官書》云：“無雲而雷，是謂天狗，所當之國，必有甲兵，王國偏虛。冬雷而星下，胡蠻之王死中野；不雷而星下，其國兵起。又曰：冬雷而星不下，當日之國王死其所；冬雷屈折，不及三年，有兵喪，有更政；天無雲而雷者，此君無恩澤於百姓，國將易君，萬人不靜，小人失命，雷聲掩掩，狀如欲息，雨疏無風，此人君深念憂百姓。又曰：雷或一聲而止，此人君出令重也。雷而不雨，此人君欲動，其事無補於百姓，有風，令行；無風，令不行。

The Records of the Grand Historian, Book of Celestial Officials, says: If there is thunder without clouds, this is called the Heavenly Dog. The country corresponding to this phenomenon will surely have military affairs, and the kingdom will thus become weak and empty. If there is thunder in winter along with a falling star, the king of the Hu and Man tribes will die in the wilderness; if there is a falling star without thunder, the country will engage in military actions. It also says: If there is thunder in winter without a falling star, the country ruled by the day's heavenly stem will have its king die in his own place; if the thunder in winter is irregular and broken, within three years there will be military turmoil and a change of power. If there is thunder without clouds, this indicates that the ruler has no benevolence towards the people, and the country will soon change its ruler, causing the people to be in unrest, and the common people will die. If the thunder is faint and seems to be stopping, with sparse rain and no wind, this indicates that the ruler deeply worries about the people. It also says: If thunder only sounds once and then stops, this indicates that the ruler's decree is severe. If there is thunder but no rain, this indicates that the ruler intends to take some action, but that action will not benefit the people; if there is also wind, the decree will be carried out; if there is no wind, the decree will not be carried out.

雷風雨霹靂丘陵者，逆先人之令；雷或霹靂，大風甚雨，發屋折木，此皆小人處位，賢士隱；雷雨大風霹靂，此皆人君用讒言，刑殺正人。上下不和，歲少雷。雷不雨者，有聲無實也，士走。霹靂，破害也。賢人興道，雷止其處，不然夜半雷，一聞其聲，若電無雷，皆為人君絕令，一名枉矢。雷或霆，此人君動令，下不蔽欺明君。雷，蛟龍出，國有賢士，止言不詘者，陰中陰也。

Thunder, wind, rain, and lightning strike the hills, which is against the laws of ancestors. Sometimes thunder comes with lightning, accompanied by strong winds and heavy rains, uprooting houses and breaking trees. These are signs that petty men occupy high positions while virtuous men retreat. Thunder, rain, wind, and lightning together indicate that the ruler listens to slanderers and punishes the upright. When there is discord above and below, thunder is less frequent in a year. Thunder without rain signifies empty words without real effect, indicating that scholars leave the country. Lightning signifies destruction. When virtuous men rise to uphold the right path, thunder stops where they are. Otherwise, if thunder occurs at night, only a single sound is heard, or there is lightning without thunder, this indicates the ruler's government is broken, and this situation is called "wrong arrow." Sometimes thunder transforms into lightning, which signifies that the ruler issues orders, and the people below dare not deceive the wise ruler. When dragons appear during thunder, it indicates there are virtuous men in the country. If they speak out and refuse to yield, it is yin within yin.

雷之發聲，於坎多水，於艮山崩，於震多風，於箕必大風起，於離大旱，於坤土功，於兌兵起，於乾天象。雷聲或格格，雨下籍籍，此人君施，百姓侮之。雷聲深轢轢，狀如欲伏，雨疏無風者，此人君深憂念百姓。入震卦，雷一聞聲後不復聞，若有電無雷，皆為人君絕令，亦名枉矢。雷如聚火而徙，此人君且絕之象。雷電皆生火，有所擊，極陰生陽也。雷或霹靂無風雨者，此皆剛柔不均，激氣並作，此君臣相忿爭，惡令暴出。雷或霹靂甚大風雨俱至者，此皆亂令大作，以動百姓。雷聲或在南，或在北，或在西，或在東，此人君為政不知所去就也。先雷後雨，不溼土；先雨後雷，屋舍崩潰。”

Thunder signifies movement. When thunder occurs in the position of Kan (Water), it indicates an abundance of water. When it occurs in the position of Gen (Mountain), it signifies a mountain collapse. When it occurs in the position of Zhen (Thunder), it indicates a great wind. When thunder occurs in the position of Ji, there will certainly be a great wind. When thunder occurs in the position of Li (Fire), it indicates a great drought. When thunder occurs in the position of Kun (Earth), it indicates construction of earth and wood projects. When thunder occurs in the position of Dui (Lake), it indicates the outbreak of military affairs. When thunder occurs in the position of Qian (Heaven), it indicates an abnormal celestial phenomenon. Thunder that echoes and resounds, with rain falling heavily, indicates that the ruler is taking action but the people despise him. Thunder that is low and rumbling, as if about to subside, with sparse rain and no wind, indicates that the ruler deeply worries about the people. When the time position enters the trigram Zhen (Thunder), if thunder is heard only once and then disappears, or if there is lightning but no thunder, it indicates that the ruler's government has been cut off, which is called "wrong arrow." Thunder moving like a gathering fire is a sign that the ruler will soon cease his decrees. Thunder and lightning can both produce fire; whenever there is impact, it is the extreme of yin giving rise to yang. Thunder accompanied by lightning but without rain or wind indicates an imbalance between yang and yin, with a sudden outburst of turbulent energy, leading to conflict between the ruler and his ministers and the sudden issuance of tyrannical orders. Thunder accompanied by lightning and with a storm of wind and rain indicates chaotic decrees prevailing, disturbing the people. Thunder sometimes occurs in the south, sometimes in the north, sometimes in the west, sometimes in the east, indicating that the ruler is uncertain about what to take or let go in governance. If thunder comes first and then rain, the rain does not moisten the soil; if rain comes first and then thunder, the houses will collapse.

《師曠占》曰：“春雷始起，其音柏柏格格霹靂者，謂雄雷，旱氣也。其鳴依依音音不大霹露者，謂雌雷，水氣也。春不雨，有雷音在地中，其所有兵起其下。”《禮記月令》曰：“春日夜分，雷乃發聲，有不戒其客止者，生子不備必有凶災。”《天鏡》曰：“冬震，兵飢。”《晉中興書》曰：“昇平二年十一月，雷，是時皇太后臨朝，政舒緩。”《洪範五行傳》曰：“秦二世元年，無雲而雷。雷，陽也；雲，陰也。有雲然後有雷，有臣然後有君也。無雲而雷，示君獨處，無人民也。”

The book "Shi Kuang Zhan" says: "When spring begins, if thunder sounds with a booming and crackling sound accompanied by lightning, it is called a strong thunder, indicating drought. If the sound is soft and faint, without lightning, it is called a weak thunder, indicating moisture. If spring does not rain but thunder sounds underground, there will be military conflicts in the corresponding region." The "Liji · Yueling" says: "During the time of equal day and night in spring, thunder begins to sound; if someone disregards prohibitions and continues sexual activity, the child born will have physical deformities and will certainly suffer misfortune." The "Tian Jing" says: "Thunder in winter indicates military conflicts and famine." The "Jin Zhongxingshu" records: "In the second year of Shengping, in November, thunder occurred, at the time when the Empress Dowager was ruling the country, and the government policies were lenient." The "Hongfan Wuxing Zhuan" records: "In the first year of Qin Ershi, thunder occurred without clouds. Thunder belongs to yang, clouds belong to yin; clouds must exist before thunder, and ministers must exist before the king. Thunder without clouds indicates that the sovereign is isolated and not supported by the people."

《河圖》曰：“臣僭大者不犯主，則雷電擊朝。”京氏《五星占》曰：“人君承用節度，即雷風以節；暴行威福，則雷霆擊人。其救也，議獄緩死，則災消矣。”京氏《對災異》曰：“雷鳴，連而不絕者，此謂人君政事，民不恐懼。”又曰：“雷電俱出，或先鳴而後電者，此謂執法貪苛。”

The Yellow River Chart says: "If ministers and subjects overstep their bounds excessively but have not yet directly offended the sovereign, thunder and lightning will strike the court." The Jingshi Star Divination says: "If the sovereign upholds and follows the law, thunder and wind will be in order; but if the sovereign unjustly applies punishments and rewards, thunder will strike people. The remedy is to review cases and commute capital punishment, and the calamity will be resolved." The Jingshi Treatise on灾异 says: "Continuous thunderclaps indicate that the sovereign governs affairs, but the people do not fear. It also says: 'If thunder and lightning appear together, or if thunder comes first followed by lightning, this indicates that those who enforce the law are greedy and harsh.'"

《春秋繁露》曰：“霹靂者，金氣也，其音商，故應以霹靂。”《說文》曰：“震，霹靂振物也。”《釋名》曰：“霹靂，折也。所歷皆破折；震，戰也，所擊輒破，若攻戰也。”《范子計然》曰：“天者變化，行精氣者也。令者，謂暴風雨霹靂也。”《晉朝雜事》曰：“元康七年，霹震破城南高媒石。高媒，中宮求子像也。賈后妒忌，將殺懷愍，天怒，霹靂之，賈后將誅應也。”

The Spring and Autumn Annals: A Commentary says: "Lightning belongs to the metal qi, and it corresponds to the Shang tone in the five tones, so it is used to correspond with it." The Explanation of Characters says: "Zhen means the thunderclap that shakes all things." The Meaning says: "Pīlì means breaking, for wherever it passes, it breaks and shatters things; Zhen means battle, for whatever it strikes immediately breaks apart, like a battle." The Fanzi Jie Ran says: "Heaven is changeable and unpredictable, and it circulates its vital energy. The so-called 'command' refers to storms, heavy rains, and lightning." The Miscellaneous Events of the Jin Dynasty records: "In the seventh year of Yuankang, lightning struck and shattered the high Mi stone in the southern part of the city. Mi is the deity set up in the Central Palace for praying for a son. Jia Hou was jealous and intended to kill the Huaimin Crown Prince. Heaven was enraged and used lightning to strike it, which was a sign that Jia Hou would be executed."

《搜神記》曰：“扶風楊道和，夏于田中，值天雷雨，止桑樹下，霹震擊之，道和以鋤格，折其左股，遂落地不得去，赤如丹，目如鏡，手如牛，角長三尺餘，狀如六畜，頭似彌猴。”《續搜神記》曰：“吳興人章狗者，五月中於田中耕，以飯蘿置菰裡，晚飢求食而飯已盡，如此非一。後日於菰中伺之，見一大蛇偷食其飯，狗即以鑊刈之，蛇便走去，狗乘船逐之，至一坂，有穴，蛇便入穴，但聞啼哭人云：斫某甲。或云：當何如？或言：符雷公，命霹靂殺奴。須臾雲雨四合，震電傷狗，狗於是跳梁大罵云：天公，我貧窮展力耕墾，蛇來偷食我飯，罪應在蛇，反更來霹靂，許是無知，雷公若來，今當以鑊斫汝腹破！須臾，雲雨輒開，乃更還霹靂向穴，諸蛇死者數十。”

The *Shou Shen Ji* records: "A man named Yang Daohe from Fufeng was working in the fields during summer when he encountered thunder and rain. He took shelter under a mulberry tree, but a lightning bolt struck him. Daohe used a hoe to block it, breaking the left leg of the thunder god. The thunder god fell to the ground and could not leave. His body was red like cinnabar, his eyes like mirrors, his hands like ox hooves, his horns three feet long, and his shape resembled an animal, with a head like a macaque." The *Xu Shou Shen Ji* records: "A man named Zhang Gou from Wuxing was working in the fields in mid-May. He placed a basket of rice in a cluster of菰 grass. In the evening, when he was hungry, he went to get the rice, but it had already been eaten. This happened more than once. Later, he hid in the菰 grass to wait, and saw a large snake stealing his rice. Zhang Gou used a cauldron blade to cut it, and the snake ran away. Zhang Gou took a boat to chase it, and arrived at a slope where there was a cave. The snake entered the cave. He then heard voices inside the cave, some crying, 'He has injured someone named so and so.' Others said, 'What should we do?' Others said, 'Issue a decree to the Thunder God, order him to strike this slave with lightning.' In a moment, clouds and rain gathered from all sides, and lightning struck Zhang Gou. Zhang Gou then jumped up and shouted, 'Heaven, I am a poor man working hard. The snake stole my rice, its wrongdoing should be on the snake. Yet now you strike me with lightning! This is unjust! If the Thunder God comes again, I will today cut open your belly with this cauldron blade!' In a moment, the clouds and rain dispersed, and the lightning returned to strike the cave. Inside, dozens of dead snakes were found."

《天鏡》曰：“雷霆擊宮庭中，大夫欲逆，不出五年，交兵流血。”《合誠圖》曰：“霹靂擊於殿，女宮急。”《潛潭巴》曰：“霹靂擊宮室，君情洩，下有謀起。”《天鏡》曰：“雷霆擊宗廟，是謂天戒人君暴雲，不出八年，削地奪國。”《春秋繁露》曰：“王言，下不從革，而秋多霹靂。”《天鏡》曰：“雷電擊貴人、從官、車騎，此乃人君惑於佞人，失眾和。”《漢獻帝紀》曰：“初平二年，無雲而霹靂殺人。”《天鏡》曰：“雷霆擊貴人正殿，此謂重陽之戒，此佞人持政，不出六年，地削君亡。”《晉中興書》曰：“元興三年秋，永安王皇后自巴陵將設威儀入宮，天大雷震，人馬一時俱悚。”《續晉陽秋》曰：“大元年，震含章殿四柱，殺內侍二人。”

The Tian Jing says: "Thunder and lightning striking in the palace courtyard indicates that a high-ranking official intends to rebel; within five years, there will be warfare and bloodshed." The He Cheng Tu says: "Lightning striking the palace hall indicates that there is an urgent danger in the women's quarters." Here, "women's quarters" refers to the residence of the imperial concubines. The Qian Tan Ba says: "Lightning striking the palace buildings indicates that the ruler's private thoughts are revealed to the outside, and there will be conspiracy below." The Tian Jing says: "Thunder and lightning striking the ancestral temple is called heaven's warning to the ruler's cruelty; within eight years, there will be loss of territory and the country will be lost." The Chun Qiu Fan Lu says: "When the king speaks, if the people do not obey and change, there will be more lightning in autumn." The Tian Jing says: "Thunder and lightning striking the nobleman, attendants, and chariots indicates that the ruler is deceived by flatterers and has lost the harmony of the people." The Han Xian Di Ji records: "In the second year of Chuping, lightning struck and killed people without clouds." The Tian Jing says: "Thunder and lightning striking the nobleman's main hall is called the 'Double Yang Warning'—the main hall is where the supreme ruler resides and belongs to Yang, while thunder and lightning also belong to Yang. Therefore, it is called Double Yang. This is a sign that flatterers are controlling the government; within six years, there will be loss of territory and the ruler will be lost." The Jin Zhong Xing Shu records: "In the third year of Yuanxing, in autumn, the Empress Dowager Yuan'an from Balin prepared her ceremonial procession to enter the palace, and at that time, there was a great thunderclap, causing people and horses to be startled and frightened." The Xu Jin Yang Qiu records: "During the Taoyuan period, lightning struck the four pillars of the Hanzhang Hall, killing two palace attendants."