Divination of Rain Using Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches

春雨甲子，六十日旱；夏雨甲子，四十日旱；秋雨甲子，四十日澇；冬雨甲子，二十七日寒雪。春雨甲申，五穀熟；夏雨甲申，五禾大美；秋雨甲申，六畜死；冬雨甲申，人多死。春雨乙卯，夏糴貴；夏雨丁卯，秋糴貴；秋雨辛卯，冬糴貴；冬雨癸卯，來春糴貴。

Rain on the Jiazi day in spring leads to drought in the following sixty days; rain on the Jiazi day in summer leads to drought in the following forty days; rain on the Jiazi day in autumn leads to flooding in the following forty days; rain on the Jiazi day in winter leads to cold and snow in the following twenty-seven days. Rain on the Jiashen day in spring leads to a bountiful harvest; rain on the Jiashen day in summer leads to excellent growth of all crops; rain on the Jiashen day in autumn leads to the death of many of the six domestic animals; rain on the Jiashen day in winter leads to many deaths among the people. Rain on the Yimao day in spring leads to high grain prices in summer; rain on the Dingmao day in summer leads to high grain prices in autumn; rain on the Xinmao day in autumn leads to high grain prices in winter; rain on the Guimao day in winter leads to high grain prices in the following spring.

《黃帝占》曰：“春不欲雨乙卯，夏不欲雨丁卯，秋不欲雨辛卯，冬不欲雨癸卯，以此四日，占民安否，若其日雨，則疾疫起。凡四時卯日雨，皆主穀價；雨一卯，斛百文；雨二卯，斛二百文；雨三卯，斛三百；雨四卯。斛金一斤。正五、九月，殺在丑；二、六、十月，殺在戌；三、七、十一月，殺在未；四、八、十二月，殺在辰，以此日雨，雨所建，賊犯之，期六十日。凡壬戌癸亥日雨，以乘甲子，旬乃止，賤人伐貴者。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: It is not suitable for rain to fall on Yimao day in spring, on Dingmao day in summer, on Xinmao day in autumn, and on Guimao day in winter; using these four days to predict the peace of the people, if it rains on such a day, an epidemic will spread. Whenever rain falls on the Mao days of the four seasons, it indicates the price of grain: if only one Mao day rains, one measure of grain is worth one hundred coins; if two Mao days rain, one measure is worth two hundred coins; if three Mao days rain, one measure is worth three hundred coins; if all four Mao days rain, one measure is worth one jin of gold. In the first, fifth, and ninth months, the "kill" spirit falls on Chou; in the second, sixth, and tenth months, the kill spirit falls on Xu; in the third, seventh, and eleventh months, the kill spirit falls on Wei; in the fourth, eighth, and twelfth months, the kill spirit falls on Chen. If it rains on these days, and the rain falls in the direction indicated by the current month's stem-branch, there will be bandits invading, and the event will occur within sixty days. Whenever it rains on Renxu and Guihai days, it will continue to rain until the next Jiazi day, lasting for a full ten days, which is a sign of the lowly attacking the noble.

《京房占》曰：“諸寅卯日，有小雨，小急；大雨，大急；丙午日雨，有圍城；戊午日雨，霖三日止，其下大戰；乙卯日雨，旱，有兵起東方；丁卯雨，旱，有兵起南方；己卯雨，旱，有兵起中央；辛卯雨，旱，有兵起西方；癸卯雨，旱，有兵起北方。立春雨，復五穀；立秋雨，害五穀。”

The Jing Fang Divination says: Whenever there is rain on the day of Yin or Mao, if it is light rain, there will be minor difficulties; if it is heavy rain, there will be major difficulties. If it rains on the day of Bingwu, there will be an encirclement of a city. If it rains on the day of Wuwu, the rain will last for three days before stopping, and the region corresponding to that day will experience a great battle. If it rains on the day of Yimao, there will be drought, and military action will arise in the East. If it rains on the day of Dingmao, there will be drought, and military action will arise in the South. If it rains on the day of Jimao, there will be drought, and military action will arise in the Center. If it rains on the day of Xinmao, there will be drought, and military action will arise in the West. If it rains on the day of Guimao, there will be drought, and military action will arise in the North. If it rains on the day of Start of Spring, the five grains will revive and be abundant. If it rains on the day of Start of Autumn, it will harm the five grains.

天雨三日以上不絕，陰謀興。《漢五行志》：“文帝后三年，大雨，晝夜不絕，四十五日以上不絕，其後新垣平謀反。”

If it rains continuously for more than three days in heaven, it indicates that a conspiracy will arise. The "Book of Han · Five Phases Chapter" records that in the third year of Emperor Wen's Hanyuan era, there was continuous rain day and night for more than forty-five days, and afterwards the conspiracy of the alchemist Xin Yuanping occurred.

凡雨作，於四時旺相之日，草木得之，莫不榮茂；其死囚休廢之日，雖有雨，不能生物也。凡泰和之世，雷雨必作於巳午陰生之後，至夜而止者，吉；若作於子丑寅卯，至丙而晴者，為亂，為兵，亡民失國。

Whenever rain falls on days when the Five Phases are in the state of "Wang" (Prosperous) or "Xiang" (Vigorous), the grass and trees receive this rain and will certainly flourish and grow vigorously; but if the rain falls on days when the Five Phases are in the state of "Si" (Decline), "Qiu" (Restraint), "Xiu" (Rest), or "Fei" (Decline), although it also rains, it cannot promote the growth of all things. "Wang," "Xiang," "Xiu," "Qiu," and "Si" are the order of strength and weakness of the Five Phases according to the seasons. In times of peace and harmony, thunderstorms always occur after the Yin energy begins to rise in the hours of Si and Wu, and then cease at night, which is a favorable omen. However, if thunderstorms occur in the hours of Zi, Chou, Yin, or Mao, and then clear up at the hour of Bing (which is the third watch of the night), this indicates calamity, warfare, the migration of people, and the decline of the state.

凡先風後雨，為順；先雨後風，為逆；雨止而風雷不止，雲霧不散者，國亂人災。凡先雷後雨，其雨必小；先雨後雷，雨必大也。

If wind comes first and then rain follows, it is considered 'smooth' or favorable; if rain comes first and then wind follows, it is considered 'reverse' or unfavorable. If the rain has stopped but the thunder and lightning continue and the clouds and mist do not disperse, this indicates turmoil in the country and suffering among the people. If thunder comes first and then rain follows, the rain will be light; if rain comes first and then thunder follows, the rain will be heavy.

易候：凡占雨，以晦、朔、弦、望，雲氣四塞者，皆雨；東風，則當日雨；黑氣如牛彘者，有暴雨；黑氣如水牛，不出三日，大雨；黑氣如群羊，奔如飛鳥，五日必雨；黑雲氣如浮船，雨；蒼黑雲如櫛綿，蔽日月，五日內雨；雲如兩人提鼓、持桴，有暴雨；四望見青白雲，名曰天塞之，雲雨之征也。

The method of predicting rain in the Yi Jing school involves observing the last day of the month (the晦日), the first day (the朔日), the new and full moon days (上下弦 and 望日) to determine if it will rain. If the clouds fill the sky completely, it will rain. If there is a northeast wind on these days, it will rain that day. If there are black clouds shaped like cattle or pigs, there will be heavy rain. If the black clouds resemble water buffalo, rain will definitely come within three days. If the clouds look like a flock of sheep running as fast as birds, rain will definitely come within five days. If dark clouds resemble boats floating on water, it will rain. If dark blue clouds resemble combs or fluffy cotton, covering the sun and moon, rain will come within five days. If clouds appear as two people, one holding a drum and the other holding a drumstick (「桴」is the drumstick), there will be heavy rain. If one looks in all directions and sees pale blue clouds, this is called 「天塞」, which is a sign that rain is coming.

《尚書大傳》曰：“五嶽之雲，觸石而出，皆不崇朝而雨。”京房曰：“諸六甲日，無雲，一旬少雨；月離畢之陰，則雨；離畢之陽，無雨；日傍有赤雲如冠珥，不有大風，必有大雨。”

The Shangshu Dazhuan says: The clouds on the five sacred mountains meet the rocks and rise up, and they cannot be exhausted in a single morning, which will result in rain. Jing Fang says: If there is no cloud on the six days of Jiazi, Jiaxu, Jiashen, Jiawu, Jiachen, and Jiayin, then there will be little rain in this ten-day period. When the moon is on the dark side of the constellation Bi (south side), it will rain; when it is on the bright side (north side), it will not rain. If there is a red cloud like a hat on top and ear ornaments on the side of the sun, it will either cause a strong wind or certainly bring heavy rain.

子日東風，卯日雨；壬日東風，辰日雨；寅日東風，巳日雨。卯日東風，午日雨；辰日東風，未日雨；巳日東風，申日雨。午日東風，即日雨；未日東風，申日雨；申日東風，子日雨。酉日東風，壬日雨；戌日東風，寅日雨；亥日東風，辰日雨。

On the day of Zi, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Mao; on the day of Ren, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Chen; on the day of Yin, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Si. On the day of Mao, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Wu; on the day of Chen, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Wei; on the day of Si, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Shen. On the day of Wu, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the same day; on the day of Wei, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Shen; on the day of Shen, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Zi. On the day of You, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Ren; on the day of Xu, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Yin; on the day of Hai, a northeast wind blows and it rains on the day of Chen. (This passage is based on the pairing of the twelve earthly branches. The two instances of 'Ren day' are likely errors from transmission, as the original text is so, and no correction is made.)

又曰：甲子日雨，丙寅止；乙丑雨，丁卯止；丙寅雨，即日止；丁卯雨，夕止；戊辰雨，夜半止；己巳雨，立止；庚午日雨，辛未止；辛未日雨，戊寅止；壬寅日雨，即日止；癸酉日雨，甲戌止；甲戌日雨，即時止；己卯日雨，立止；庚辰日雨，即止；辛巳日雨，癸未止；壬午日雨，即日止；癸未日雨，甲申止；甲申日雨，即止；乙酉日雨，丙戌止；丙戍日雨，夕止；丁亥日雨，即時止；

It is also said that rain on a Jiazi day stops on a Bingyin day; rain on a Yichou day stops on a Dingmao day; rain on a Bingyin day stops on the same day; rain on a Dingmao day stops in the evening; rain on a Wuchen day stops at midnight; rain on a Jisi day stops immediately; rain on a Gengwu day stops on a Xinwei day; rain on a Xinwei day stops on a Wuyin day; rain on a RENYIN day stops on the same day; rain on a Guiyou day stops on a Jiaxu day; rain on a Jiaxu day stops immediately; rain on a Jimao day stops immediately; rain on a Gengchen day stops immediately; rain on a Xinsi day stops on a Guiwei day; rain on a Renwu day stops on the same day; rain on a Guiwei day stops on a Jiashen day; rain on a Jiashen day stops immediately; rain on a Yiyou day stops on a Bingxu day; rain on a Bingxu day stops in the evening; rain on a Dinghai day stops immediately.

戊子日雨，庚寅止；己丑日雨，壬辰止；庚寅日雨，即時止；辛卯日雨，止；壬辰日雨，辛壬止；癸巳日雨，夕止；甲午日雨，即時止；乙未日雨，丁酉止；丙申日雨，夕止；丁酉日，己亥止；戊戌日，辛壬止；己亥日，即止；庚子日，壬辰止；辛丑日，壬寅止；壬寅日，即止；癸卯日，即時止；

On Wuzi day, if it rains, it stops on Gengyin day; on Jichou day, if it rains, it stops on Renchen day; on Gengyin day, if it rains, it stops immediately; on Xinmao day, if it rains, it stops soon after; on Renchen day, if it rains, it stops on the days of Xinchou and Guimao; on Guisi day, if it rains, it stops by evening; on Jiawu day, if it rains, it stops immediately; on Yiwei day, if it rains, it stops on Dingyou day; on Bingshen day, if it rains, it stops by evening; on Dingyou day, if it rains, it stops on Jihai day; on Wuxu day, if it rains, it stops on the days of Xinchou and Guimao; on Jihai day, if it rains, it stops immediately; on Gengzi day, if it rains, it stops on Renchen day; on Xinchou day, if it rains, it stops on Rennyin day; on Rennyin day, if it rains, it stops immediately; on Guimao day, if it rains, it stops immediately. (The two instances of 'Xinchou and Guimao' do not conform to the rules of stem and branch pairing, and are likely due to transmission errors, so they are recorded as they appear in the original text.)

甲辰日，即止；乙巳日，丙午止；丙午日，即止；丁未日，即時止；戊申日，庚戊止；己酉日，辛亥止；庚戌日，即止；辛亥日，癸壬止；壬子日，癸丑止；癸壬日，即時止；甲寅日，即止；乙卯日，丙辰止；丙辰雨，丁巳止；丁巳雨，即時止；戊午日，即止；己未日，即止；庚申日，即止；辛酉日，即時止；壬戌日，即止；癸亥日，即時止；

On Jiachen day, it rains and stops immediately; on Yisi day, it rains and stops on Bingwu day; on Bingwu day, it rains and stops immediately; on Dingwei day, it rains and stops immediately; on Wushen day, it rains and stops on Gengxu day; on Jiyou day, it rains and stops on Xinhai day; on Gengxu day, it rains and stops immediately; on Xinhai day, it rains and stops on Renzi day; on Renzi day, it rains and stops on Guichou day; on Guichou day, it rains and stops immediately; on Jiayin day, it rains and stops immediately; on Yimao day, it rains and stops on Bingchen day; on Bingchen day, it rains and stops on Dingsi day; on Dingsi day, it rains and stops immediately; on Wuwu day, it rains and stops immediately; on Jiwei day, it rains and stops immediately; on Gengshen day, it rains and stops immediately; on Xinyou day, it rains and stops immediately; on Renxu day, it rains and stops immediately; on Guihai day, it rains and stops immediately.

子日雨，立止，不止，寅日止；丑日雨，寅日止，不止，至卯止；寅日雨，即止，不止，卯止；卯日，即止，不止，巳止；辰日雨，巳止；巳日雨，未止，不止，申止；

If it rains on a Zi day, it will stop immediately; if it does not stop, it will stop on the Yin day. If it rains on a Chou day, it will stop on the Yin day; if it does not stop, it will stop on the Mao day. If it rains on a Yin day, it will stop immediately; if it does not stop, it will stop on the Mao day. If it rains on a Mao day, it will stop immediately; if it does not stop, it will stop on the Si day. If it rains on a Chen day, it will stop on the Si day. If it rains on a Si day, it will stop on the Wei day; if it does not stop, it will stop on the Shen day.

午日雨，立止，不止，至十日陰；未日雨，申止，不止，戌止；申日雨，夕止，見日，不見日，久陰；酉日雨，立止，不止，久陰；戌日雨，立止，不止，久陰；亥日雨，立止，不止，大陰；此其大概也。

On a Wu day if it rains and stops immediately, if it does not stop, it will continue to be overcast for ten days. On a Wei day if it rains and stops on Shen day, if it does not stop on Shen day, it will stop on Xu day. On a Shen day if it rains and stops by evening, the sun can still be seen; if the sun cannot be seen, it will be a long period of overcast weather. On a You day if it rains and stops immediately, if it does not stop, it will be a long period of overcast weather. On a Xu day if it rains and stops immediately, if it does not stop, it will be a long period of overcast weather. On a Hai day if it rains and stops immediately, if it does not stop, it will be continuous overcast weather. The above describes the general method of predicting when rain will stop.

《漢魏鮮正月朔旦八風占》云：“風南來，大旱；西南來，小旱；西來，有兵；西北來，有胡兵，胡豆成；北方來，為中歲；東北來，為上歲；東來，大水；東南來，人病，歲惡。八風各與其沖對課，多勝少，疾勝徐。自旦至食時，為麥；食時至日昳，為稷；昳至晡時，為黍；晡時至下晡，為菽；下晡至日沒，為麻。風從北來，宜客；南來，為主吉；西來，宜客；東來，宜主；西北來，宜客；東南來，宜主；西南來，有謀不成；東北來，主客俱不利。若風熱冷異常，或暴急昏濁，又當以八卦暴風占之。”

In the Han dynasty, Wei Xian's "Divination of the Eight Winds on the First Day of the First Month" states that on the first day of the first lunar month in the morning, if the wind comes from the south, it indicates a great drought; from the southwest, a minor drought; from the west, there will be military affairs; from the northwest, there will be troops from the Hu people, and the Hu beans will have a good harvest; from the north, it indicates a moderate harvest; from the northeast, a good harvest; from the east, there will be great flooding; from the southeast, the people will be sickly and the harvest will be poor. The winds from the eight directions should be compared with the opposite direction (the "chong" meaning opposite direction). The wind that comes more strongly prevails over the one that comes less, and the wind that comes more urgently prevails over the one that comes more slowly. The wind from the time of dawn until breakfast affects the wheat; from breakfast until "ri die" (when the sun is slightly westward, around noon to 1 or 2 pm), it affects the millet; from "ri die" until "bu shi" (3 to 5 pm), it affects the millet; from "bu shi" until "xia bu" (afternoon), it affects the beans ("shu"); from "xia bu" until sunset, it affects the hemp. If the wind comes from the north, it is favorable for the attacking side; from the south, it is favorable for the defending side; from the west, favorable for the attacking side; from the east, favorable for the defending side; from the northwest, favorable for the attacking side; from the southeast, favorable for the defending side; from the southwest, there will be plans but they will not succeed; from the northeast, it is unfavorable for both sides. If the wind is unusually cold or hot, or if it is very strong and sudden, and the sky is dark and turbid, then another method using the Eight Trigrams should be used to predict the storm.

《京房占》：“正月朔日候八風：從乾來，有憂兵；坎來，有大水；艮來，人疾疫，歲內有蟲蝗；震來，陽氣干，歲大旱，有喪；巽來，年內多風，傷五穀；離來，歲旱，大熱，多火災；坤來，有疾疫，道上多死人；兌來，有兵事。”

The "Jing Fang Divination" says: On the first day of the first lunar month, observe the winds coming from the eight directions. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (northwest), there will be military conflicts causing worry; if from the Kan direction (due north), there will be a great flood; if from the Gen direction (northeast), there will be an outbreak of disease among the people, and there will also be a locust plague within the year; if from the Zhen direction (due east), there will be excessive yang energy and dryness, leading to a severe drought and funerals throughout the year; if from the Xun direction (southeast), there will be frequent winds damaging the five grains; if from the Li direction (due south), there will be drought, extreme heat, and frequent fires; if from the Kun direction (southwest), there will be an epidemic and many deaths on the roads; if from the Dui direction (due west), there will be military conflicts.

立春正月節，其日睛明少雲，歲熟；陰則旱，蟲傷禾豆。風從乾來，暴霜殺物，谷猝貴；坎來，冬大寒，胡兵內擾；艮來，五穀熟；震來，氣洩，物不成；巽來，多風、蟲；離來，旱傷物；坤來，春寒，六月水，人多愁土功；兌來，旱、霜，兵起。

The beginning of spring is the first solar term of the year. On this day, if the weather is clear and slightly cloudy, the harvest will be abundant. If it is overcast, it indicates a drought and pest damage to millet and beans. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (northwest), there will be a sudden severe frost that freezes the crops, causing the price of grain to rise sharply. If the wind comes from the Kan direction (due north), the winter will be extremely cold, and the northern barbarians will invade the country. If the wind comes from the Gen direction (northeast), the five grains will be abundant. If the wind comes from the Zhen direction (due east), the yang energy will escape outward, and the crops will not mature. If the wind comes from the Xun direction (southeast), there will be frequent strong winds and many pests. If the wind comes from the Li direction (due south), there will be drought that harms the crops. If the wind comes from the Kun direction (southwest), spring will be cold, and in June there will be flooding, causing the people to worry about labor and construction projects. If the wind comes from the Dui direction (due west), there will be both drought and frost, and military conflicts will arise.

春分二月中，其日東方有青雲，歲熟；晴明，物不成。風從乾來，歲多寒，金鐵倍貴；坎來，豆菽不成，民飢病；艮來，夏不熱，米貴一倍；震來，五穀成，亦無盜賊；巽來，蟲生，四月多暴寒；離來，五月先水、後旱；坤來，小水，人多瘧疾；兌來，春寒，八月國有憂，有兵。

The Spring Equinox is the middle solar term of the second month. On this day, if there are green clouds in the east, the harvest will be abundant; if the weather is clear and cloudless, the crops will not grow well. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (northwest), there will be a cold winter and the price of metal tools will double; if it comes from the Kan direction (due north), beans will not grow and the people will suffer from hunger and disease; if it comes from the Gen direction (northeast), the summer will not be hot and the price of rice will double; if it comes from the Zhen direction (due east), the five grains will mature and there will be no thieves; if it comes from the Xun direction (southeast), pests will proliferate and there will be sudden cold weather in April; if it comes from the Li direction (due south), there will be flooding in May followed by drought; if it comes from the Kun direction (southwest), there will be minor water disasters and the people will suffer from malaria; if it comes from the Dui direction (due west), spring will be cold and there will be worries for the country in August, along with military conflicts.

立夏日，南方有赤雲，歲豐；清明，則旱。風從乾來，其年凶、飢，夏霜，麥不刈；坎來，多雨水，魚行人道；艮來，山崩地動，人疫；震來，雷不時，擊物；巽來，其年大熟；離來，夏旱，禾焦；坤來，萬物夭傷；兌來，蝗蟲大作。

On the day of Li Xia, if there are red clouds in the south, the harvest will be abundant; if the sky is clear and cloudless, it indicates a drought. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (northwest), there will be a year of famine and scarcity, with frost in summer and failure to harvest wheat. If the wind comes from the Kan direction (due north), there will be much rain, and fish will swim on the roads people walk. If the wind comes from the Gen direction (northeast), there will be mountain collapses and earthquakes, and people will suffer from epidemics. If the wind comes from the Zhen direction (due east), thunder will occur out of season, and lightning will damage objects. If the wind comes from the Xun direction (southeast), there will be a great harvest. If the wind comes from the Li direction (due south), summer will be dry and the crops will wither. If the wind comes from the Kun direction (southwest), all things will wither and be injured. If the wind comes from the Dui direction (due west), locusts will swarm and cause great harm.

夏至日，南方有赤氣，則熟；晴明，則旱。風從乾來，寒傷萬物；坎來，寒署不時，夏日多寒；艮來，山水暴出；震來，八月人多疾；巽來，九月風，落草木；離來，五穀熟；坤來，六月雨水橫流；兌來，秋多雨霜。

On the day of Summer Solstice, if there is red vapor in the south, the harvest will be abundant; if the sky is clear and cloudless, it indicates drought. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (northwest), it brings cold air that harms all things; if it comes from the Kan direction (due north), cold and heat become disordered, and there will be cold weather in summer; if it comes from the Gen direction (northeast), mountain floods occur; if it comes from the Zhen direction (due east), there will be many illnesses among the people in August; if it comes from the Xun direction (southeast), in September strong winds will blow down grass and trees; if it comes from the Li direction (due south), the five grains will be abundant; if it comes from the Kun direction (southwest), in June heavy rains will cause floods; if it comes from the Dui direction (due west), there will be much rain and frost in autumn.

立秋日，有白雲及小雨，則吉；晴明，物不成。風從乾來。甚寒。多雨；坎來。冬多雪。多陰寒；艮來，秋氣不和；震來，秋多雨雹，人不和，草木再榮；巽來，內兵猝起；離來，兵戎不利，多旱；坤來，五穀熟；兌來，兵起，將行。

On the day of the Beginning of Autumn, if there are white clouds and light rain, it is auspicious; if the sky is clear and bright, crops will not grow well. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (Northwest), the weather is very cold and there is much rain; if it comes from the Kan direction (Due North), there will be much snow in winter and frequent coldness; if it comes from the Gen direction (Northeast), the autumn season is not harmonious; if it comes from the Zhen direction (Due East), there will be much rain and hail in autumn, people's hearts are not in harmony, and grass and trees will abnormally bloom again; if it comes from the Xun direction (Southeast), sudden internal rebellion occurs; if it comes from the Li direction (Due South), military campaigns are not favorable, and there will be drought; if it comes from the Kun direction (Southwest), the five grains will be abundant; if it comes from the Dui direction (Due West), military actions will start, and generals will go to war.

秋分日，西方有白雲，則善；晴明，物不成。風從乾來，人多相掠；坎來，多寒；艮來，十二月多陰寒；震來，人疫，再花，不實；巽來，十月多風；離來，兵動國南七百里；坤來，土功興；兌來，五穀大收。

On the day of Autumn Equinox, if there are white clouds in the western direction, it is a good omen; but if the sky is clear and bright, crops will not grow well. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (northwest), people will often plunder each other; if it comes from the Kan direction (due north), the weather will be cold; if it comes from the Gen direction (northeast), there will be much cold and dampness in the twelfth month; if it comes from the Zhen direction (due east), the people will suffer from epidemic diseases, and the grass and trees will abnormally bloom again but not bear fruit; if it comes from the Xun direction (southeast), there will be much wind in the tenth month; if it comes from the Li direction (due south), military actions will be launched seven hundred li south of the capital; if it comes from the Kun direction (southwest), there will be a rise in construction projects involving earth and wood; if it comes from the Dui direction (due west), there will be a great harvest of grain.

立冬日，晴明，小寒，人君吉，天下喜。風從乾來，君令行，天下安；坎來，冬雪殺走獸；艮來，地氣淺，人多病；震來，人不安居，多寒；巽來，冬溫，明年夏旱；離來，明年五月大疫；坤來，水泛溢，魚鹽倍多；兌來，妖言為幻，兵在山澤。

On the day of the Beginning of Winter, the sky is clear and slightly cold, the sovereign is auspicious, and the people are joyful. The wind comes from the Qian direction (Northwest), indicating the sovereign's decrees are widely implemented and the world is at peace; from the Kan direction (Due North), winter snow will freeze wild animals; from the Gen direction (Northeast), the earth's energy is shallow, leading to many illnesses among the people; from the Zhen direction (Due East), people cannot settle, and there will be much cold; from the Xun direction (Southeast), winter will be warm, and next summer will be dry; from the Li direction (Due South), there will be a major epidemic in May next year; from the Kun direction (Southwest), there will be great flooding, and the production of fish and salt will double; from the Dui direction (Due West), false words will mislead the people, and military conflicts will arise in mountains, rivers, and marshes.

冬至日，有雲，雪寒，明年大豐；晴明，物不成。風從乾來，強國有憂，多寒；坎來，歲美，人安；艮來，正月多陰；震來，雷不發，大雨並；巽來，百蟲害物；離來，冬溫，乳母多死，水旱不時，人疫；坤來，蟲傷苗，多水；兌來，明年秋雨，兵起。

On the day of Winter Solstice, if there are clouds and snow with severe cold, there will be a great harvest next year; if the sky is clear and bright, the crops will not grow well. If the wind comes from the Qian direction (Northwest), there will be worries for strong countries and cold weather; if it comes from the Kan direction (Due North), the harvest will be good and people will be peaceful; if it comes from the Gen direction (Northeast), there will be many cloudy days in the first lunar month; if it comes from the Zhen direction (Due East), the expected thunder will not sound, and heavy rain will follow continuously; if it comes from the Xun direction (Southeast), various insects will damage the crops; if it comes from the Li direction (Due South), winter will be warm, many nursing women will die, there will be droughts and floods out of season, and the people will suffer from epidemics; if it comes from the Kun direction (Southwest), pests will damage the seedlings and there will be much water disaster; if it comes from the Dui direction (Due West), there will be much rain in the autumn of next year and military conflicts will arise.

立夏，巽卦，王風從乾來，為一逆，小凶。立春，艮卦，王風從坤來，為二逆，兵起。立秋，坤卦，王風從艮來，為三逆，谷無實。立冬，乾卦，王風從巽來，為四逆，人去其鄉。

The following explains the "reverse" phenomenon when the current trigram and the incoming wind are in opposition. At the beginning of summer, the trigram Xun (Wind) is in charge, and the wind should come from the Southeast. However, the wind comes from the Qian position (Northwest), which is "one reverse," indicating minor danger. At the beginning of spring, the trigram Gen (Mountain) is in charge, and the wind should come from the Northeast. However, the wind comes from the Kun position (Southwest), which is "two reverses," indicating military conflict. At the beginning of autumn, the trigram Kun (Earth) is in charge, and the wind should come from the Southwest. However, the wind comes from the Gen position (Northeast), which is "three reverses," indicating poor harvests. At the beginning of winter, the trigram Qian (Heaven) is in charge, and the wind should come from the Northwest. However, the wind comes from the Xun position (Southeast), which is "four reverses," indicating people leaving their homeland and fleeing.

秋分，兌卦，王風從震來，為五逆，帶刀入市。冬至，坎卦，王風從離來，為六逆，人民潰散。夏至，離卦，王風從坎來，為七逆，臣子為亂。春分，震卦，王風從兌來，為八逆，殿上有刺客。

On the Autumn Equinox, the Dui hexagram is in charge, and the wind should come from the west. However, the wind comes from the Zhen position (Due East), which is called "Five Reversals," indicating that people carry knives into the market and chaos is imminent. On the Winter Solstice, the Kan hexagram is in charge, and the wind should come from the north. However, the wind comes from the Li position (Due South), which is called "Six Reversals," indicating that the common people scatter and flee. On the Summer Solstice, the Li hexagram is in charge, and the wind should come from the south. However, the wind comes from the Kan position (Due North), which is called "Seven Reversals," indicating that ministers rebel. On the Spring Equinox, the Zhen hexagram is in charge, and the wind should come from the east. However, the wind comes from the Dui position (Due West), which is called "Eight Reversals," indicating that an assassin appears on the palace terrace.

是月也，東風解凍，蟄蟲始振，魚陟負冰，獺祭魚，候雁北，草木萌動。孟春行夏令，則雨水不時，草木早落，國時有恐；行秋令，則其民大疫，焱風暴雨總至，藜莠蓬蒿並興；行冬令，則水潦為敗，雪霜大摯，首種不入。

In this month, the east wind disperses the frost, the insects that have been dormant begin to move, fish rise to the surface near the thin ice, and otters place the fish they catch on the shore as if presenting them as offerings. Wild geese fly north, and grass and trees begin to sprout—these are the phenomena that should occur this month. If they do not occur, it is called "when the time comes, it does not come." If in the first month of spring the policies of summer are wrongly implemented, the rain will be untimely, the grass and trees will wither too early, and there will be frequent occurrences of fear and alarm in the country. If the policies of autumn are wrongly implemented, the people will suffer from a great epidemic, accompanied by fierce winds and heavy rains, and weeds such as cocklebur, barnyard grass, tumbleweed, and wormwood will grow wildly. If the policies of winter are wrongly implemented, water will accumulate causing floods that ruin crops, heavy snow and frost will fall, and the seeds sown first will be unable to take root and grow.

桃始華，倉庚鳴，鷹化為鳩，玄鳥至，雷乃發聲。始電。仲春行秋令，則其國大水，寒氣總至，寇戎來征；行冬令，則陽氣不勝，麥乃不熟，民多相掠；行夏令，則國乃大旱，暖氣早來，蟲螟為害。

The peach blossoms begin to bloom, orioles sing, hawks turn into doves (ancients observed that in spring, hawks gradually decrease while doves increase, hence this saying), swallows return, thunder begins to roll, and lightning also appears. If in the middle of spring the government acts as if it were autumn, the country will suffer a great flood, cold air attacks all at once, and enemies will invade; if it acts as if it were winter, yang energy cannot overcome yin energy, wheat will not mature, and people will often plunder each other; if it acts as if it were summer, the country will experience a severe drought, warm air comes early, and locusts will cause disaster.

桐始華，田鼠化為鴽，虹始見，萍始生，鳴鳩拂其羽，戴勝降於桑。季春行冬令，則寒氣時發，草木皆肅，國有大恐；行夏令，則民多疾疫，時雨不降，山陵不收；行秋令，則天多沉陰，淫雨早降，兵革並起。

The paulownia tree begins to bloom, field mice transform into quail-like birds, rainbows appear, floating water plants start to grow, the mourning dove flaps its wings, and the maleo bird lands on the mulberry tree. If in the third month of spring the policies of winter are wrongly implemented, cold air will frequently occur, causing all plants and trees to wither and decay, and there will be great alarm in the country. If the policies of summer are wrongly implemented, the people will suffer from many diseases, timely rain will not fall, and there will be no harvest in the hills and mountains. If the policies of autumn are wrongly implemented, the sky will often be gloomy, continuous rain will fall early, and wars and battles will break out all at once.

螻蟈鳴，蚯蚓出，王瓜生，苦菜秀，靡草死，麥秋至。盂夏行秋令，則苦雨數來，五穀不滋，四鄙入保；行冬令，則草木早枯，後乃大水，敗其城郭；行春令，則蝗蟲為敗，暴風來格，秀草不實。

Crickets call, earthworms emerge from the ground, the vine of the bitter melon grows, the flower of the bitter vegetable blooms, the shade-loving靡草 dies, and the season of wheat maturity, called "Mc Xia" (summer's first month), arrives. If in the first month of summer the policies of autumn are wrongly implemented, bitter rain falls repeatedly without ceasing, the five grains cannot grow, and the people in the four directions and border towns retreat into the city walls for protection; if the policies of winter are wrongly implemented, the grass and trees wither early, followed by a great flood that damages the city walls; if the policies of spring are wrongly implemented, locusts cause disaster to the crops, strong winds come, and the crops that are in the stage of forming grains cannot bear fruit.

螳螂生，鳩始鳴，反舌無聲，鹿角解，蜩始鳴，半夏生。仲夏行冬令，則雹凍傷谷，道路不通，暴兵來至；行春令，則五穀晚熟，百螣時起，其國乃飢；行秋令，則草木零落，果實早成，民殃於疫。

The mantis hatches from its egg, the oriole begins to sing, the mimic bird that imitates the sounds of a hundred birds stops singing, the deer sheds its antlers, and the cicada begins to chirp. If in the middle of summer the government acts as if it were winter, hail and frost will damage the crops, roads will be blocked, and fierce armies will attack. If in the middle of summer the government acts as if it were spring, the five grains will mature late, and various pests that eat seedlings called 'teng' will constantly arise, causing famine in the country. If in the middle of summer the government acts as if it were autumn, the grass and trees will wither prematurely, the fruits will ripen too early, and the people will suffer from plague.

溫風至，蟋蟀居壁，鷹始摯，腐草為螢，土潤溽暑，大雨時行。季夏行春令，則谷實鮮落，國多風欬，民乃遷徙；行秋令，則丘隰水潦，禾稼不熟，乃多女災；行冬令，則風寒不時，鷹隼早鷙，四鄙入保。

A warm breeze blows, and the crickets leave the fields to rest on the walls. The hawks begin to learn to fight and hunt their prey. Rotting grass transforms into fireflies (ancients observed fireflies emerging from rotting grass, hence this saying). The earth becomes damp, the summer heat is heavy, and timely heavy rains fall. In the sixth month of the seasons, if the policies of spring are wrongly implemented, the grains will be scarce and fall early, and there will be many cases of colds and coughs in the country, causing the people to migrate elsewhere; if the policies of autumn are wrongly implemented, both high and low lands will be flooded with water, the crops will not mature, and there will be many troubles for women; if the policies of winter are wrongly implemented, the cold winds and寒 will be out of season, the hawks and falcons will become fierce too early, and the people in the four directions and border areas will retreat into the city walls for self-protection.

涼風至，白露降，寒蟬鳴，鷹乃祭鳥，天地始肅，禾乃登。孟秋行冬令，則陰氣大勝，介蟲敗谷，戎兵乃來；行春令，則其國乃旱，陽氣復還，五穀不實；行夏令，則其國火災，寒熱不節，民多瘧疾。

A cool wind blows, white dew falls, cold cicadas cry, and eagles display the birds they have caught as if presenting offerings. The vital energies of heaven and earth begin to become severe and cutting. Crops are now harvested. If in the first month of autumn the policies of winter are wrongly implemented, excessive cold will prevail, insects with shells will destroy the grain, and enemies will invade. If the policies of spring are wrongly implemented, the country will suffer drought, yang energy will return, and the five grains will not mature. If the policies of summer are wrongly implemented, the country will suffer fires, the balance between cold and heat will be lost, and the people will suffer from many cases of malaria.

鴻雁來，玄鳥歸，群鳥養羞，雷始收聲，蟄蟲壞戶，水始涸。仲秋行春令，則秋雨不降，草木生榮，國乃大恐；行夏令，則其國乃旱，蟄蟲不藏，五穀復生；行冬令，則風災數起，收雷先行，草木早死。

Wild geese fly in, swallows return, and all birds store food for the winter (「xiu」refers to delicious food). Thunder begins to subside, and the insects that are dormant seal their holes with soil. Water starts to dry up. If in the middle autumn month the policies are misapplied as those of spring, autumn rain will not fall, and grass and trees will abnormally sprout and flourish, causing great alarm in the country; if the policies are misapplied as those of summer, the country will suffer from drought, the insects will not retreat into hiding, and the five grains will abnormally regrow; if the policies are misapplied as those of winter, frequent wind disasters occur, thunder sounds prematurely cease, and grass and trees die off too early.

鴻雁來賓，雀入大水為蛤，菊有黃華，豺乃祭獸，草木黃落，蟄蟲咸俯，季秋行夏令，則其國大水，冬藏殃散，民多鼽嚏；行冬令，則國多盜賊，邊境不寧，土地分裂；行春令，則暖風來至，民氣解惰，師興不居。

The later arriving geese come like guests, birds turn into clams (ancients noticed that in late autumn there are few birds but many clams, hence this saying), chrysanthemums bloom yellow flowers, jackals display their captured animals as if presenting offerings, grass and trees wither and turn yellow, and insects that hibernate all lower their heads and hide. If in the season of late autumn the policies of summer are wrongly implemented, the country will suffer great floods, the stored winter provisions will be ruined and lost, and the people will suffer from frequent nasal blockages and sneezing; if the policies of winter are wrongly implemented, the country will have many thieves, the borders will be unstable, and the territory will be divided; if the policies of spring are wrongly implemented, warm winds will come, the people will be lazy and slack, military campaigns will be frequent but people cannot find peace and security.

水始冰，地始凍，雉入大水為蜃，虹藏不見，天氣上升，地氣下降，閉塞而成冬。盂冬行春令，則凍閉不密，地氣上洩，民多流亡；行夏令，則國多暴風，方冬不寒，蟄蟲復出；行秋令，則霜雪不時，小兵時起，土地侵削。

Water begins to freeze, the earth starts to freeze over, and the wild fowl enter the sea and turn into large clams called "shen." The rainbow disappears, the yang energy rises in the sky and the yin energy descends underground, and heaven and earth close off, becoming winter. In the first month of winter, if the policies of spring are wrongly implemented, the freezing will be insufficient, and the earth's energy will leak upward, causing many people to flee. If the policies of summer are wrongly implemented, there will be frequent storms in the country, and although it is the season of winter, it will not be cold, and the hibernating creatures will emerge again. If the policies of autumn are wrongly implemented, the frost and snow will not come at the proper time, and small-scale military conflicts will occur frequently, and the territory will be invaded and reduced.

鶡鴠不鳴，虎始交，荔挺出，蚯蚓結，麈角解，水泉動。仲冬行夏令，則其國乃旱，氛霧賓賓，雷乃發聲；行秋令，則天時雨汁，瓜瓠不成，國有大兵；行春令，則蟲螟為敗，水泉咸竭，民多疾癘。

The cold-crowing bird, Hèdìn, stops calling, the tiger begins to mate, the horse's tail grass, Lì, sprouts new shoots, the earthworm curls into a knot, the antler of the elk falls off (the original text writes 'zhǔ' instead of 'mí'), and underground springs begin to flow. In the second month of winter, if the government acts as if it were summer, the country will suffer from drought, with thick fog and thunder; if it acts as if it were autumn, rain and snow mixed together, called 'yùzhī', will fall from the sky, and melons and gourds will not grow, leading to great military disasters; if it acts as if it were spring, the locusts will cause great damage to crops, springs will dry up, and the people will suffer from many diseases.

雁北鄉，鵲始巢，雉雊，雞乳，徵鳥厲疾，水澤腹堅。季冬行秋令，則白露蚤降，介蟲為妖，四鄰入保；行春令，則胎夭多傷，國多痼疾，命之曰逆；行夏令，則水潦敗國，時雪不降，冰凍消釋。

Wild geese fly north, magpies begin to build their nests, jungle fowls call to each other in courtship, domestic chickens lay eggs and hatch their young, eagles and hawks that fly far strike swiftly, and the water bodies freeze solid to their centers. In the last month of winter, if the policies of autumn are wrongly implemented, early frost (with '蚤' meaning 'early') descends prematurely, and insects with shells cause disasters, the people in the surrounding areas will retreat into the city walls for protection. If the policies of spring are wrongly implemented, fetuses and young children suffer many deaths, and the country is plagued with chronic diseases that remain untreated. This is called 'reversal'. If the policies of summer are wrongly implemented, water accumulates causing floods that ruin the country, and the timely snow does not fall, while the ice instead melts away.

天子氣，內赤外黃，正四方，鬱鬱蔥蔥，所發之處，當有王者；若天子欲有遊，往其地，亦先發此氣，遠近數里，如法計之，吉凶以日辰生克，決期以支干數法。又曰：天子氣，如城門，隱隱在氣霧中，又多在晨昏見。又曰：天子氣，如千石倉，在氣霧中。又曰：天子氣，五色如山鎮。又曰：天子氣，如高樓，在霧中。

The aura of the Son of Heaven has an inner layer of red and an outer layer of yellow, upright and facing the four directions, dense and lush. Where this aura rises, there will be the appearance of a ruler who becomes king. If the Son of Heaven is about to travel, the place he goes to will first emit this aura, covering a distance of no more than several miles. It can be calculated by divination methods. The fortune or misfortune is determined by the mutual generation and mutual control of the day branch and heavenly stem. The date when the event occurs is determined by the numbers of the heavenly stems and earthly branches. Another account says that the aura of the Son of Heaven resembles a city gate, appearing faintly in the mist, and is often seen in the early morning or late afternoon. Another account says that the aura of the Son of Heaven looks like a granary capable of holding a thousand stones of grain, located within the mist. Another account says that the aura of the Son of Heaven has all five colors, resembling a great mountain guarding a region. Another account says that the aura of the Son of Heaven looks like a high building appearing in the mist.

又曰：氣象青衣人垂手，在日西，天子氣也。又曰：敵上氣如龍馬，雜色鬱鬱沖天者，帝王之氣，不可擊；若在吾軍，必得天助。又曰：氣如龜如鳳，五色，隨王時發者，天子氣也。

Another account says that the shape of the cloud vapor resembles a man in green clothes with his hands hanging down, appearing to the west of the sun, which is the aura of the sovereign. Another account says that the vapor above the enemy's army resembles a dragon or a horse, with mixed and dense colors rising straight to the sky, which is the aura of the emperor; it should not be attacked. If this vapor appears above our army, it certainly indicates divine assistance. Another account says that the shape of the vapor resembles a tortoise or a phoenix, with all five colors present, and it emerges according to the season corresponding to the Five Phases, which is the aura of the sovereign.

范增曰：“吾使人望沛公，其氣沖天，五色相摻，皆為龍虎，此非人臣氣也。”

Xiang Yu's strategist Fan Zeng said: I sent someone to observe the clouds above Peigong Liu Bang's head. The clouds rose straight to the sky, with five colors intermingled, forming the shapes of dragons and tigers. This is not the aura of a person who should be a minister.

《洛書》曰：“蒼帝起，青雲扶日；赤帝起，赤雲扶日；黃帝起，黃雲扶日；白帝起，白雲扶日；黑帝起，黑雲扶日。一曰：蒼帝氣如人向日，拳手而倪首，一手在後；赤帝氣如象火光，如覆薁狀，立在日下；黃帝氣如馬，在日下；白帝氣如虎，在日下；黑帝氣如船，在日下。青紫氣自地屬，天其地有貴女。凡帝王氣發，常以四時王相時日相生之日，相生之日，其國大昌。”

The Luo Writing says: The Blue Emperor, who rules the Eastern Wood virtue, rises with a blue cloud supporting the Sun; the Red Emperor, who rules the Southern Fire virtue, rises with a red cloud supporting the Sun; the Yellow Emperor, who rules the Central Earth virtue, rises with a yellow cloud supporting the Sun; the White Emperor, who rules the Western Metal virtue, rises with a white cloud supporting the Sun; the Black Emperor, who rules the Northern Water virtue, rises with a black cloud supporting the Sun. Another account says: The aura of the Blue Emperor resembles a person facing the Sun, bowing with hands clasped and one hand behind the back; the aura of the Red Emperor resembles fire and also looks like an overturned wild grape called 'yue', standing beneath the Sun; the aura of the Yellow Emperor resembles a horse, beneath the Sun; the aura of the White Emperor resembles a tiger, beneath the Sun; the aura of the Black Emperor resembles a boat, beneath the Sun. Purple and blue auras rise from the ground to the sky, indicating a place where a noble woman is born. Whenever the aura of a ruler appears, it often occurs on days corresponding to the 'king' and 'minister' positions in the four seasons and the Five Phases, as well as on days of mutual generation among the Five Phases. When the aura appears on a day of mutual generation, the country will flourish greatly.