Astrological Star Divination: Fifty-Four Stars

石氏曰：“相一星，在北斗南。”（入翼五度，去極三十一度半，在黃道內三十七度也。）《黃帝占》曰：“相星，天丞相也；大臣象也，主衣服之章。”《黃帝占》曰：“相星明大，則天子明，忠臣興；相星亡；則輔臣黜，若有誅。”石氏曰：“相星明，吉；不明，凶。”焦延壽曰：“相星亡，相死；不死，出走。”《石氏贊》曰：“相在斗南，集眾事。”

The Shi school says: The minister star is only one, located south of the Big Dipper. The original commentary says: The minister star enters the Wings mansion by five degrees, is thirty-one and a half degrees away from the northern celestial pole, and is thirty-seven degrees within the Yellow Path. The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The minister star is the heavenly prime minister, symbolizing ministers, and is in charge of the ranks and patterns of clothing and caps. The Yellow Emperor's Divination also says: When the minister star is bright and large, the emperor is wise and loyal ministers arise; when the minister star is dim and disappears, the assistant ministers will be dismissed or even executed. The Shi school says: When the minister star is bright, it is auspicious; when it is dim, it is ominous. Jiao Yanshou says: When the minister star disappears, the prime minister will die; if he does not die, he will flee. The Shi school's praise says: The minister star is located south of the Big Dipper, overseeing and gathering all state affairs.

石氏曰：“太陽一星，在相西南。”（入張十三度少，去極三十五度半，在黃道內三十九度也。）《黃帝占》曰：“太陽守，輔臣象也；所以守衛天主之宮，備守諸門；其星明，則主人威伏四方，天下安，王者致符瑞。”石氏曰：“太陽守星明，吉；不明，不吉。”焦延壽曰：“太陽守星北近斗，居七星行間，以入日闢煞亡。”陳卓曰：“太陽守星非其常，天下兵起，中國不安，大臣誅。”《石氏贊》曰：“太陽守在西，設武備。”

The Shi school says: The Star of brightness and prestige is a single star, located to the southwest of the ministering star. The original commentary says: It enters the mansion of Extended Net thirteen degrees and a half, is thirty-five and a half degrees from the northern celestial pole, and is thirty-nine degrees within the Yellow Path. The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The Star of brightness and prestige symbolizes a minister assisting in government, whose duty is to guard the heavenly emperor's palace and be on alert at all gates; when this star is bright, the monarch's authority can subdue the four directions, the world will be peaceful, and the king will receive auspicious omens and signs. The Shi school says: When the Star of brightness and prestige is bright, it is auspicious; when it is dim, it is inauspicious. Jiao Yanshou says: When the Star of brightness and prestige approaches the north and is close to the Big Dipper, located between the seven stars of the Big Dipper, according to the day on which the Star of brightness and prestige is located, it indicates that there will be executions and casualties, which require rituals to avert misfortune. Chen Zhuo says: When the Star of brightness and prestige deviates from its normal position, the country will have military campaigns, the Central Plains will not be at peace, and ministers will be executed. The Shi school's praise says: The Star of brightness and prestige is located in the west, being a star set for military preparedness.

石氏曰：“天牢六星，在北斗魁下。”（東星入張一度少，去極二十六度半，在黃道內四十四度太也。）《黃帝占》曰：“天牢、貴人之牢也，在北斗魁下，所以禁暴橫。”《春秋合誠圖》曰：“天牢主守將。”郗萌曰：“天牢，天子疾病之憂患。”

The Shi school says: The Heavenly Prison consists of six stars, located beneath the Big Dipper's handle. The original commentary notes: The star to the east of the Heavenly Prison is within one degree and a half of the Extended Net mansion, located 26 and a half degrees from the north celestial pole, and 44 and a half degrees within the Yellow Path. The "Yellow Emperor's Divination" says: The Heavenly Prison is a prison for noblemen, located beneath the Big Dipper's handle, used to restrain those who commit violent and tyrannical acts. The "Spring and Autumn Concordance Diagram" says: The Heavenly Prison oversees the guarding of generals. Xi Meng says: The Heavenly Prison governs the worries related to the emperor's illness.

《黃帝占》曰：“天牢中星眾，貴人多下獄；星希，天下安，無罪人。”石氏曰：“天牢中無星，天下安寧；有星；賢主傷。”焦延壽曰：“天牢星明大動搖，闢拘繫；一星明，主侯有繫者。”司馬遷《天官書》曰：“赤帝行德，天牢為之空。”石氏曰：“天牢與貫索通占。”《石氏贊》曰：“天牢六星，禁暴去惡。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: When there are many stars in the Heavenly Prison, prominent people are often imprisoned; when there are few stars, the world is at peace and no one is guilty. The Shi school says: When there are no stars in the Heavenly Prison, the world is tranquil; when there are stars, the wise ruler will suffer harm. Jiao Yanshou says: When the stars in the Heavenly Prison are bright and large and moving, it indicates that someone will be imprisoned and precautions should be taken; if one star is bright, it signifies that among the feudal lords, someone will be imprisoned. Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian: The Southern Red Emperor exercises benevolence, and the Heavenly Prison becomes empty. The Shi school says: The divination of the Heavenly Prison and the贯索 star official can be used interchangeably. The Shi School Commentary says: The Heavenly Prison consists of six stars, whose function is to prohibit violence and eliminate evil.

石氏曰：“文昌六星。”（一本七星，案陸績《渾天圖》曰：“文昌中有一星在司祿內，名為主祿，統名為七星。西星入井十五度太，去極二十五度太，在黃道內四十三度半也。）司馬遷《天官書》曰：“斗魁戴匡六星，曰文昌宮。”（晉灼曰：似戴，故曰戴匡也。）

The Shi school says: The Star of Examinations and Documents consists of six stars. The original commentary notes that another version refers to seven stars. According to Lu Ji's "Holistic Celestial Diagram," within the Star of Examinations and Documents there is one star inside the domain of the Star of Officialdom, called the Star of Official Salary, and altogether they are called seven stars. The westernmost star of the Star of Examinations and Documents enters the Well Mansion at fifteen and a half degrees, is twenty-five and a half degrees from the north celestial pole, and is forty-three and a half degrees within the Yellow Path. Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian: Celestial Officials Chapter" says: The six stars above the handle of the Big Dipper, which form a basket-like shape, are called the Palace of the Star of Examinations and Documents. The original commentary cites Jin Zhu's explanation: because their shape resembles something being held above, they are called "Wearing a Basket."

《黃帝占》曰：“文昌，六府之宮也；在斗魁前，經緯天下，文德之宮；六府，謂金木水火土穀，從斗魁；第一星，為上將，建威武；第二星，為次將，臨左右；第三星，為貴相，主文理；第四星，為司命，主賞功進賢；第五星，為司中。（班固《天文志》云：司祿。）主司過詰咎；第六星，司祿、佐理寶。”（《天文志》曰：司命。）

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The Star of Examinations and Documents is the official office of the Six Ministries, located before the Big Dipper's Handle, governing the world through its meridians and lines, and being the dwelling place of cultural virtue. The so-called Six Ministries refer to Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth, and Grain, all following the Big Dipper's Handle. The first star is the Commander, establishing authority; the second star is the Deputy Commander, governing the left and right; the third star is the Noble Minister, in charge of documents and order; the fourth star is the Director of Destiny, responsible for rewarding meritorious deeds and promoting virtuous talents; the fifth star is the Inspector (the original annotation notes that Ban Gu's "Records of the Grand Historian: Celestial Phenomena" here says Inspector of Rewards), responsible for investigating mistakes and pursuing guilt; the sixth star is the Inspector of Rewards, assisting in managing treasury and treasures. The original annotation notes that the "Records of the Grand Historian: Celestial Phenomena" here says Director of Destiny.

《洛書》曰：“文昌，主六府寇。”《春秋緯元命包》曰：“文昌主集計禍福也。天道，文者，精所聚；昌者，揚天紀；輔弼並居，成天象。”《春秋緯》曰：“文昌宮為六府，以布升度，明天道；上將招威，次將輔主，貴相宣德，司命進官，司中滅咎，司祿賞善，佐理揚寶，六名執權，守隸四海之府，土官也。”

The Luo Writing says: The Star of Examinations and Documents oversees matters of bandits and disorders in the six ministries. The Spring Annals: Yuan Ming Bao says: The Star of Examinations and Documents oversees the gathering and recording of calamities and blessings. According to the heavenly way, the term 'wen' refers to a place where refined energy converges; the term 'chang' refers to the promotion of the heavenly order. The auxiliary star and the assistant star are located beside it, forming a celestial phenomenon. The Spring Annals says: The Wen Chang Palace is the six ministries, used to arrange the degrees of promotion and demotion, and to clarify the heavenly way. The supreme general brings forth authority, the second general assists the sovereign, the noble minister promotes moral teachings, the Director of Destiny appoints officials, the Minister of Justice removes calamities and misfortunes, the Minister of Rewards bestows rewards for virtue, and the assistant officials promote wealth. These six titles each hold a portion of power, governing the administrative offices throughout the land, belonging to the earth officials.

巫咸曰：“文昌，天子司祿之府，土官。”陳卓曰：“文昌，一星上將，大將軍也；二曰次將，尚書也；三曰貴相，太常也；四曰司中，司隸也；五曰司怪，太史也；六曰大理，廷尉也。”

Wu Xian said: The Star of Examinations and Documents is the official office of the Son of Heaven for managing official salaries, belonging to the category of earth officials. Chen Zhuo said: The first star of the Star of Examinations and Documents is called the Upper General, equivalent to a great general in the human world; the second star is called the Deputy General, equivalent to the Minister of Ceremonies; the third star is called the Noble Minister, equivalent to the Minister of Rites; the fourth star is called the Inspector of the Court, equivalent to the Inspector General; the fifth star is called the Inspector of Strange Phenomena, equivalent to the Astronomer Royal; the sixth star is called the Grand Judge, equivalent to the Chief Justice.

《黃帝占》曰：“文昌宮者，天府離宮也；文昌宮，三能屬軒轅，相與為體。星明大齊同，則王者致太平；星不明，道術隱藏。王者求賢，則星明。”《黃帝占》曰：“文昌星黃潤澤光，萬民安，青黑微，多所害。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The Wen Chang Palace is the Fire Palace of the Treasury Star; Wen Chang Palace and the Three Abilities belong to the same lineage of Xuanyan, and they are connected as one. If all the stars are bright, large, and uniform, the king will attract peace and prosperity; if the starlight is dim, scholars of the Way will hide themselves. When the king eagerly seeks talented people, these stars will become bright. The Yellow Emperor's Divination also says: If the color of the Wen Chang Star is yellow and moist with light, the people will be at peace; if its color is dark blue and weak, there will be much calamity.

又占曰：“司命主滅不祥，其星黃澤有光，萬民安；蒼，為天下多有憂。”焦延壽曰：“文昌星動搖，不如故，三公誅，不乃后死。”陳卓曰：“文昌星明，大小齊等，天瑞臻。”《石氏贊》曰：“文昌在西，則六府治。”

Another divination passage says: The Director of Destiny oversees the elimination of misfortune. When this star appears yellow and lustrous with a bright glow, all people will be at peace; but if its color turns green, there will be many troubles throughout the land. Jiao Yanshou said: When the stars of Wen Chang move and do not appear as they should, the Three Dukes will be executed, or else they will die shortly after. Chen Zhuo said: When the stars of Wen Chang are bright and of equal size, auspicious signs from heaven will arrive. The "Shi School Commentary" says: When the stars of Wen Chang are located in the west, the administration of the six ministries will be properly managed.

石氏曰：“北斗七星，輔一星，在太微北。（第五星入井十三度，去極十一度太，極星入張初，去極十八度少，在黃道內九十八度也。）《黃帝占》曰：“北斗為帝車，運於中央，臨制四方，（《漢書天文志》曰：四海。吳龔《天文星占》曰：四卿也。）分別陰陽，建於四時，均立五行，移應節度，定諸紀綱，太一之事也；配於二十八宿，天所以發其時，地所以成萬物，諸侯屬焉。”

The Shi school says: The Big Dipper consists of seven main stars and an auxiliary star located north of the Taiwei Enclosure. The original commentary notes: The fifth star enters the Well Mansion at thirteen degrees, and is eleven and a half degrees from the north celestial pole; the pole star enters the Extended Net Mansion at its starting degree, and is eighteen and a half degrees from the north celestial pole, ninety-eight degrees within the Yellow Path. The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The Big Dipper is the chariot of the heavenly emperor, moving in the central heavens, ruling the four directions from a high position. (The original commentary notes: The Han Shu · Astronomical Records here says 'four seas', while Wu Gong's Astronomical Star Divination says 'four ministers'.) It distinguishes yin and yang, establishes the four seasons, evenly determines the Five Phases, follows its movement to correspond with the calendar and measures, and defines various principles and regulations; these are the duties of the Taiyi deity. The Big Dipper also corresponds with the twenty-eight mansions. Heaven relies on it to initiate the seasons, earth relies on it to complete all things, and the feudal lords all belong to it.

《春秋緯元命包》曰：“斗為帝令，出號佈政，授度四方，故置輔星，以佐功為；斗為人君之象，而號令之主也。”《兵法》曰：“北斗，名長史，小字大方，能知者，便不畏白刃。”巫咸曰：“北斗，天子受命之使，士官也。”

The Spring and Autumn Wai (Chronicles of the Spring and Autumn Period) says: The Big Dipper is the mandate of the heavenly emperor, issuing commands and promulgating administrative teachings, imparting measures to the four directions, so it also sets up auxiliary stars to assist in achieving its accomplishments; the Big Dipper is a symbol of the human sovereign, and also the master of commands. The Military Methods say: The Big Dipper is also called the Chief Clerk, and is commonly called the Great Square. Those who understand it will not fear the edge of a sword when going into battle. Wu Xian says: The Big Dipper is the messenger of the Son of Heaven receiving the mandate of heaven, belonging to the class of officials.

《河圖》曰：“北斗魁第一星，開樞、受樞；受樞至四星，屬魁，為璇璣；第二星，提執序；第三星，璣耀緒；第四星，權拾取，第五星，玉衡拒；第六星，開陽紀，輔星紀；第七星，搖光吐；搖光主玉衡，屬杓，為玉衡。（案《春秋緯元命包》曰：玉衡北繩。注曰：直杓、故曰玉繩也。《舜典》曰：璇璣玉衡，以齊七政。巫咸曰：七政者，日月木火土金水星是也。）

The Yellow River Chart says: The first star of the Big Dipper's handle is responsible for opening and controlling the mechanism, and receiving the mechanism; from the star receiving the mechanism down to the fourth star, they all belong to the handle, collectively called "Xuan Ji"; the second star is responsible for lifting and maintaining order; the third star is responsible for making light shine and keeping order clear; the fourth star is responsible for weighing and deciding; the fifth star, Yu Heng, is responsible for guarding; the sixth star, Kai Yang, is responsible for maintaining discipline, and the companion star also shares the same responsibility; the seventh star, Yao Guang, is responsible for expelling and drawing in. Yao Guang is part of the Yu Heng system and belongs to the handle of the Big Dipper, also called Yu Heng. The original commentary says: According to the "Chun Qiu Wei Yuan Meng Bao," it mentions "Yu Heng north rope," and the annotation says it faces the handle of the Big Dipper, so it is called "Yu Sheng." The "Shang Shu·Shun Dian" says: "Xuan Ji Yu Heng, to align the seven celestial officials." Wu Xian says: The so-called seven celestial officials refer to the sun, moon, and the five planets of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.

《洛書》曰：“北斗，魁第一，曰天樞；第二、璇星；第三、璣星，第四、權星；第五、玉衡；第六、開陽；第七、搖光。第一至第四為魁，第五至第七為杓，合為斗。杓陰布陽，故稱北斗。開陽重寶，故置輔。”《易斗中》曰：“北斗第一曰破軍，第二曰武曲，第三曰廉，第四曰文曲，第五曰祿存；第六曰巨門，第七曰貪狼。”

The Luo Writing says: In the center of the Big Dipper, the first star of the handle is called Tian Shu, the second is Xuan Star, the third is Ji Star, the fourth is Quan Star, the fifth is Yu Heng, the sixth is Kai Yang, and the seventh is Yao Guang. The first to fourth stars form the handle, and the fifth to seventh stars form the scoop, together making up the Dipper. The handle belongs to yin and spreads yang energy, so it is called the Big Dipper. Kai Yang is a star with an important position, so a companion star is set beside it. The Book of the Dipper says: The first star of the Dipper is called Po Jun, the second is Wu Qu, the third is Lian, the fourth is Wen Qu, the fifth is Lu Cun, the sixth is Ju Men, and the seventh is Tan Lang.

石氏曰：“北斗第一星曰正星，主陽，主德，天子之相也；第二曰法星，主陰，主刑，女主之位也；第三曰令星，主福；第四曰伐星，主天理，伐無道；第五曰殺星，主中央，助四旁，殺有罪；第六星危星，主天倉五穀；第七曰部星，一曰應星，主兵。”

The Shi school says: The first star of the Big Dipper is called Zheng Star, which governs yang energy and moral education, and symbolizes the Son of Heaven; the second star is called Fa Star, which governs yin energy and punishment, and represents the position of the female ruler; the third star is called Ling Star, which oversees blessings and auspiciousness; the fourth star is called Fa Star, which governs the heavenly principles and punishes the wicked; the fifth star is called Sha Star, which oversees the center and supports the four directions, and executes criminals; the sixth star is called Wei Star, which oversees the Heavenly Granary and the five grains; the seventh star is called Bu Star, also called Ying Star, which oversees military affairs.

《淮南鴻烈間詁》曰：“斗杓為小歲。（歲之言越歷十二辰而行。）正月建寅，月後左行，行十二辰，咸池為太歲；二月建卯，月徙右行四仲，終而復始。太歲，迎者辱，順者強，左者喪，右者昌；小歲，東南即生，西北即煞，不可迎也，而可順也，不可左也，而可右也，其此之謂也。”

The *Huainanzi Honglie Jian Gu* says: The direction pointed by the handle of the Big Dipper is called "small year." The original commentary explains: The term "year" refers to the movement through the twelve earthly branches. In the first month, the Big Dipper's handle points to寅 (Yin), and it moves left in sequence through the twelve branches; the Xianchi (a celestial phenomenon) governs the "great year." In the second month, the Big Dipper's handle points to卯 (Mao), and it moves right, passing through the four central positions, and then cycles again. Regarding the great year, to face it is to suffer disgrace, to follow it is to be strong, to be on its left is to suffer loss, and to be on its right is to flourish. As for the small year, in the southeast direction is the source of life energy, while in the northwest direction is the presence of killing energy. One should not face it but follow it, not be on its left but on its right—this is precisely the meaning being explained.

又曰：“北斗之神，有雌雄，十一月建於子，月後一辰，雄左行，雌右行，五月合午，謀刑；（刑為煞，故薺麥死也。）十一月合子，謀德。（德為生，問射于振末。）”《詩含神霧》曰：“七政天斗，上一星，天位，二主地，三主火，四主水，五主土，六主木，七主金。”

The "Huainanzi Honglie Jian Gu" also says: The deities of the Big Dipper are divided into male and female types. In the eleventh month, the Big Dipper is positioned at Zi, and thereafter, each month it moves forward by one earthly branch. The male deity moves to the left, while the female deity moves to the right. By the fifth month, the male and female deities meet at the Wu position, and together they carry out punishment and killing. The original commentary says: Punishment is equivalent to killing, so at this time, the wild mustard and wheat plants wither and die. By the eleventh month, the male and female deities meet again at the Zi position, and together they carry out the virtue of generation. The original commentary says: Virtue is equivalent to generation, and its meaning can be inferred from the idea of "shaking the end" (zhen mò). The "Shi Han Shenwu" says: In the heavens, the Big Dipper governs the seven governmental powers. The first star governs the heavens, the second the earth, the third fire, the fourth water, the fifth soil, the sixth wood, and the seventh metal.

《春秋緯》曰：“正星，主營室、東壁、奎、婁；法星，主胃、昴、畢、觜觽；令星、主參、東井、輿鬼，主柳；伐星，主七星、張、翼、軫；煞星，主角、亢、氐、房；危星，主心、尾、箕、南斗；部星，主牽牛、須女、虛、危。”

The Spring and Autumn Writings state: The governing star oversees the four mansions of Camp Room, Eastern Wall, Qi, and Lou; the law star oversees the four mansions of Wei, Mao, Bi, and Zi Zhu; the decree star oversees the three mansions of Shen, Well, and Ghost, and also oversees Willow Mansion; the伐 star oversees the four mansions of Seven Stars, Zhang, Yi, and Zhen; the execution star oversees the four mansions of Jiao, Kang, Di, and Fang; the peril star oversees the four mansions of Xin, Wei, Ji, and Southern Dipper; the division star oversees the four mansions of Qian Niu, Shu Nu, Xu, and Wei. The Big Dipper star thus divides the twenty-eight mansions without any remainder.

石氏曰：“北斗第一星，主日；第二星，主月；第三星、主熒惑；第四星、主辰星；第五星、主填星；第六星，主歲星；第七星，主太白。”《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第一星，主秦；第二星、主楚；第三星，主樑；第四星，主吳；第五星，主趙；第六星，主燕；第七星，主齊。”

The Shi school says: The first star of the Big Dipper governs the Star of brightness and prestige, the second star governs the Wealth star and mother star, the third star governs the Malefic of violence, the fourth star governs the Water star and Chenshi star, the fifth star governs the Earth star and Tianshi star, the sixth star governs the Wood star and Suixing star, and the seventh star governs the Metal star and Taibai. The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The first star of the Big Dipper governs the land of Qin, the second star governs the land of Chu, the third star governs the land of Liang, the fourth star governs the land of Wu, the fifth star governs the land of Zhao, the sixth star governs the land of Yan, and the seventh star governs the land of Qi.

《春秋緯》曰：“北斗，杓攜龍角，（孟康注《天文志》：攜，連也。）衡殷南斗，魁枕參首。用昏建者杓，華山以西南；（孟康傳曰：第七星法太白，杓斗之尾，為孤陰位，在西方，故主西南也。）夜半建者衡，以殷中州河濟之間；平旦建者魁，海岱以東北也。”（孟康傳曰：斗魁第一星，法於日，主齊，魁斗之首陽也，又用其在明陽與明德，在東房，故主東北齊也。）

The Spring Annals says: The end of the handle of the Big Dipper is connected to the Horn mansion of the Azure Dragon. The star in the middle of the balance is directly over the Southern Dipper, and the head of the Dipper is resting on the head of the Three Stars mansion. In the evening, using the direction pointed by the handle of the Big Dipper determines the star period, which governs the area southwest of Mount Hua. In the middle of the night, using the direction pointed by the balance star determines the star period, which governs the area between the middle river and the Yellow River. In the morning, using the direction pointed by the head of the Dipper determines the star period, which governs the area northeast of the sea and Mount Tai. The original book's note says: Meng Kang's explanation states that the first star of the Dipper's handle is modeled after the Star of brightness and prestige, governing the state of Qi, which is the beginning of the Dipper and the gathering place of yang energy. Also, because it is located in the position of brightness and virtue and the eastern chamber, it governs the northeastern area of Qi.

《春秋緯文曜鉤》曰：“華岐以北，龍門積石，西至三危之野，雍州屬魁星；太行以東至碣石、王屋，砥桂、冀州，屬璇星；三河、雷澤、東至海岱以北，兗青之州，屬璣星；蒙山以東，至羽山南，至江、會稽，震澤，徐揚之州，屬權星；大別以東，至雲澤、九江、衡山，荊州，屬衡星；荊山西南，至岷山，北距鳥鼠，梁州，屬陽星；外方熊耳以東，至泗水、陪尾，豫州，屬杓星。”陸績《渾圖》曰：“魁星，第一星，主徐州；第二星，主益州；第三星，主冀州；第四星，主荊州；第五星，主兗州；第六星，主揚州；第七星，主豫州。”

The "Chunqiu Wei Wenyao Gou" says: To the north of Hua Mountain and Qishan, passing through Longmen and Jishe, west to the vast wilderness of Sanwei, this area of Yongzhou is under the jurisdiction of the Kui Star; east of Taixing Mountain to Jieshi and Wangwu, as well as Dizhu and Guiling areas in Jizhou, is under the jurisdiction of the Xuan Star; the three rivers of Hedong, Henan, and Henan, along with Leizé, east to the northern part of Haihai, including Yanzhou and Qizhou areas, is under the jurisdiction of the Ji Star; east of Mengshan to the south of Yushan, until the Yangtze River, Huiji, and Zhenzhen areas, including Xuzhou and Yangzhou, is under the jurisdiction of the Quan Star; east of Dabie Mountain to Yunmeng Lake, Jiugang, and Hengshan areas in Jingzhou, is under the jurisdiction of the Heng Star; west of Jingshan to the south of Minshan, north to Niushu Mountain, including Liangzhou, is under the jurisdiction of the Yang Star; east of Wafang Mountain and Xiong'er Mountain, to the Si Water and Peiwei Mountain, including Yuzhou, is under the jurisdiction of the Biao Star. Lu Ji's "Hun Tian Tu" says: In the center of the Kui Star, the first star governs Xuzhou, the second star governs Yizhou, the third star governs Jizhou, the fourth star governs Jingzhou, the fifth star governs Yanzhou, the sixth star governs Yangzhou, and the seventh star governs Yuzhou.

皇甫謐《年曆》曰：“斗者，天樞也；天有七紀，故斗有七星；星間相去七度百二十分，曜各百里，周七千里；分得日月五星，九州之地；自一至四曰魁，自五至七曰杓；一曰樞星，太白主之，雍州屬焉；二曰璇星，填星主之，冀州屬焉；三曰璣星，熒惑主之，青兗州屬焉；四曰權星，辰星主之，徐揚州屬焉；五曰玉衡，歲星主之，荊州屬焉；六曰闓陽，日主之，梁州屬焉；七曰搖光，月主之，豫州屬焉。

Huangfu Mi's "Yearly Calendar" says: The Big Dipper is the pivot of heaven; the heavens have seven kinds of regulations, so the Big Dipper has seven stars. The distance between the stars is seven degrees and 120 parts, and the light of each star covers an area of a hundred li. When they revolve around once, the total distance is seven thousand li. They correspond respectively to the sun, moon, five planets, and the nine regions. The first to fourth are called the魁 (Kui), and the fifth to seventh are called the杓 (Shao). The first star is called the枢星 (Shu Xing), governed by the planet of Tai Bai, and it governs Youzhou. The second star is called the璇星 (Xuan Xing), governed by the planet of Tian Xing, and it governs Jizhou. The third star is called the玑星 (Ji Xing), governed by the planet of Ying Huo, and it governs Qingzhou and Yanzhou. The fourth star is called the权星 (Quan Xing), governed by the planet of Chen Xing, and it governs Xuzhou and Yangzhou. The fifth star is called the玉衡 (Yu Heng), governed by the planet of Sui Xing, and it governs Jingzhou. The sixth star is called the闿阳 (Kai Yang), governed by the Sun, and it governs Liangzhou. The seventh star is called the摇光 (Yao Guang), governed by the Moon, and it governs Yuzhou.

搖光，一名杓，或曰招搖；以昏候之，左旋於天，月建一辰，晝夜一周，日月會焉；故孟春建寅，日月會於豕韋；仲春建卯，會於降婁；季春建辰，會於大梁；孟夏建巳，會於實沈，仲夏建午，會於鶉首；季夏建未、會於鶉火；孟秋建申，會於鶉尾；仲秋建酉，會於壽星；季秋建戌，會於大火；孟冬建亥，會於析木；仲冬建子，會於星紀；季冬建丑，會於玄枵。”

Yao Guang is also called Shao, and some call it Zhao Yao. Observing it at dusk, one can see it move counterclockwise across the sky, shifting by one earthly branch each month. It completes a full circle around the sky in one day and night. The sun and moon also meet in the corresponding star positions. Therefore, in the first month of spring, the handle of the Big Dipper points to Yin, and the sun and moon meet in the Shi Wei star position; in the second month of spring, the handle points to Mao, and they meet in the Jiang Lou star position; in the third month of spring, the handle points to Chen, and they meet in the Da Liang star position; in the first month of summer, the handle points to Si, and they meet in the Shi Shen star position; in the second month of summer, the handle points to Wu, and they meet in the Chun Shou star position; in the third month of summer, the handle points to Wei, and they meet in the Chun Huo star position; in the first month of autumn, the handle points to Shen, and they meet in the Chun Wei star position; in the second month of autumn, the handle points to You, and they meet in the Shou Xing star position; in the third month of autumn, the handle points to Xu, and they meet in the Da Huo star position; in the first month of winter, the handle points to Hai, and they meet in the Xi Mu star position; in the second month of winter, the handle points to Zi, and they meet in the Xing Ji star position; in the third month of winter, the handle points to Chou, and they meet in the Xuan Xiao star position.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗七星，名曰七神；神各主四宿，而衛太一之宮。其星欲明大，潤澤，相類，七政齊明；則天子吉，大臣昌；其星不明，王者弱，大臣有殃；星搖動，不出百八十日，天下盡兵，多有死者。”

The Huangdi Zhan says: The Seven Stars of the Big Dipper are called the "Seven Spirits"; each spirit oversees four mansions, together guarding the palace of the Taiyi deity. These stars are bright and large, with smooth and clean colors, and they are harmonious with each other. When the seven stars are all bright, the Son of Heaven will be auspicious, and the ministers will flourish. If the starlight is dim, the ruler will be weak, and the ministers will suffer misfortune. If all the stars are unstable and shaking, within 180 days, the whole country will be in great warfare with many casualties.

又占曰：“北斗魁第一星，為天道；六甲主五子，甲子、丙子、戊子、庚子、壬子，五子者，氣之始也。魁星建除主建萬物。甲子木，春始王，所以通達根莖；丙子火，夏始王，所以通成花葉；戊子土，季夏始王，主萬物肌膚；庚子金，秋始王，煞萬物；壬子水，冬始王，主舍凍定根。故魁星為歲星，其位甲子；故天子不尊鬼神，幼稚多弱，則魁星不明；不明，則歲星不光；不光，則萬物少稚不昌，天潤不盈，魁星不澤，列地封虛財而不賞，王道所後及，皆思其下紀也。”

Another divination passage states: The first star of the Big Dipper, known as the魁 (Kui), symbolizes the heavenly way; it oversees five days of the Zi (子) in the Six Jia (六甲), namely Jiazi, Bingzi, Wuzi, Gengzi, and Renzi. These five Zi days mark the beginning of the vital energy. The Kui star is associated with the "Jian" (建) among the twelve divine spirits of construction and destruction, governing the growth of all things. Jiazi belongs to wood, which is dominant in spring, thus enabling roots and stems to become unobstructed; Bingzi belongs to fire, dominant in summer, thus enabling flowers and leaves to mature; Wuzi belongs to earth, dominant in late summer, thus governing the form and structure of all things; Gengzi belongs to metal, dominant in autumn, thus causing the withering of all things; Renzi belongs to water, dominant in winter, thus governing the storage, freezing, and consolidation of the fundamental essence. Therefore, the Kui star is paired with the year star (岁星), positioned at Jiazi. If the Son of Heaven does not honor spirits, the people will be young and weak, and the government will be weak and ineffective. The Kui star will then be dim; if the Kui star is dim, the year star will lack brightness; if the year star lacks brightness, all things will be small and unable to flourish, and the heavenly nourishment will not be abundant. When the Kui star loses its luster, the sovereign will grant land but waste resources without truly rewarding, and the influence of the Way of the King will lag behind. All these issues are due to the failure of the lower regulations and order.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第二星，為地道；六甲主乙丑、乙亥、丁丑、丁亥、己丑、己亥、辛丑、辛亥、癸丑、癸亥，建除主除閉。物無不除；除陳發新，地道自虐；故天使萬物，皆得盛合寧；故第二星為太白，其位後主諸侯，故天子教令顯，數發，土功發，壞沒山林，不受藏，則第二星不明，則太白無光，無光則名術士不昌，藩臣不忠，地澤不藏，藩臣多疾。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The second star of the Big Dipper symbolizes the earth's path; among the six gengs, it governs the days of Yichou, Yihai, Dingchou, Dinghai, Jichou, Jihai, Xinchou, Xinhai, Guichou, and Guihai. In the twelve divine spirits of construction and removal, it presides over 'remove' and 'close'. All things must undergo the removal of the old to make way for the new; by eliminating the old and generating the new, the earth's path naturally consumes itself to complete all things. Therefore, the heavens command all things, enabling them to flourish and gather together, each attaining peace. The second star is paired with Tai Bai, and its position is behind, governing the feudal lords. If the Son of Heaven issues decrees frequently and extensively, initiates large-scale construction projects, and destroys forests, preventing the earth's strength from resting and storing, then the second star will not shine brightly. If the second star is dim, Tai Bai will have no light; if Tai Bai has no light, renowned alchemists and mystics will not rise to prominence, and the ministers defending the borders will not be loyal. The earth's resources will not be stored, and the ministers will suffer many diseases.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第三星，為人道；六甲主丙寅、甲戌、戊寅、丙戌、庚寅、戊戌、壬寅、庚戌、甲寅、壬戌，建除主滿開。天下能承天理物，設上定下，夫婦升進，而定家道，故第三星主熒惑，百姓不進為退，過則第三星不明，不明則即熒惑無光，無光則百姓罷死役，士多避過亡匿，智士退，賢人避。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The third star of the Big Dipper symbolizes human affairs; it governs the days of Bingyin, Jiaxu, Wuyin, Bingxu, Gengyin, Wuxu, Renyin, Gengxu, Jiayin, and Renxu among the six Jia. It presides over the 'Full' and 'Opening' among the twelve divine spirits of construction and removal. All people who can follow the will of heaven, manage all things, establish the positions of those above, and settle the roles of those below, will have harmony between husband and wife, each benefiting, thus stabilizing the family. The third star is paired with the planet Mars. If common people cannot advance but instead fall back, accumulating mistakes, the third star will become dim. When the third star is dim, Mars will also lose its light; when Mars loses its light, the people will be exhausted by fatal labor, scholars will often evade responsibility and hide, the wise will retreat, and the virtuous will stay away.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第四星，為四時；六甲主丁卯、癸酉、己卯、乙酉、辛卯、丁酉、癸卯、己酉、乙卯、辛酉，建除主平四時。四時，萬物之節度數也，故第四星為辰星，其位為司徙。故天子出令，教化不順四時，春行秋政，夏行冬政，秋行春政，冬行夏政，四時不和，不明則辰星無光，無光則歲雕殺，五穀不盛，萬物不昌，百姓夭喪，上下不相親，司徙非其人。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The fourth star of the Big Dipper symbolizes the four seasons; it oversees the days of Dingmao, Guiyou, Jimao, Yiyou, Xinmao, Dingyou, Guimao, Jiyou, Yimao, and Xinyou within the Six Jia. In the twelve divine spirits of construction and removal, it is in charge of 'Ping', governing the balance of the four seasons. The four seasons are the measure and law of the operation of all things. Therefore, the fourth star is paired with the planet Chén Xing, and its position corresponds to that of the Minister of Works. If the Son of Heaven issues decrees and implements education not in accordance with the four seasons, promoting autumn measures in spring, winter measures in summer, spring measures in autumn, and summer measures in winter, the four seasons will become disordered. Then the fourth star will become unclear, and Chén Xing will lose its light. When Chén Xing loses its light, the harvest will be poor and the world will be bleak, crops will not grow well, all things will not flourish, the people will die young and suffer misfortune, and the people above and below will not be close to each other. The position of the Minister of Works will be held by an unsuitable person.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第五星，為首德，六甲主戊辰、壬申、庚辰、甲申、壬辰、丙申、甲辰、戊申、丙辰、庚申，建除主定成。音者，五氣之和，五宮之政，制樂之節，皆在於是；故第五星為填星，其為天子中宮；故天數更日曆，損宗廟，歷衣服，遠親離疏，戮辱父兄，蕃臣以兵，上下相欺。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The fifth star of the Big Dipper symbolizes the primary virtue. It governs the days of Wuchen, Renshen, Gengchen, Jiashen, Renchen, Bingshen, Jiachen, Wushen, Bingchen, Gengshen, within the six Jia days. In the twelve divine spirits of construction and removal, it presides over 'Ding' and 'Cheng'. The musical tones arise from the harmonization of the five energies. The political and educational systems of the five tones—Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu—and the measured regulation in creating musical scales all depend on this. Therefore, the fifth star corresponds to the Filling Star, symbolizing the central palace of the Son of Heaven. If the calendar is frequently altered, the ancestral temples are neglected, clothing and ceremonial customs are carelessly changed, close relatives are distanced, close family members are abandoned, fathers and elder brothers are killed or insulted, and vassal states fight each other with armies, then superiors and inferiors will inevitably deceive one another.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第六星，為法星；六甲主己巳、辛未、辛巳、癸未、癸巳、乙未、乙巳、丁未、丁巳、己未，建除主執危。法律者，所以善善而惡惡也；故死者不可生，刑者不可息；故第六星為月，其位主天理；天子出令，法苛刻，誅不正，威煞用刑，則第六星不明，不明則月不光，不光則執政不察，盜賊並起。”

The Yellow Emperor's Divination says: The sixth star of the Big Dipper is the Law Star; it governs the days of Jisi, Xinwei, Xinsi, Guiwei, Guisi, Yiwei, Yisi, Dingwei, Dingsi, and Jiwei among the Six Jia days, and in the twelve divine beings of Jianchu it presides over 'Zhi' and 'Wei'. The function of law is to commend goodness and detest evil; once a person is executed, he cannot be reborn, and once the body is punished, it cannot be restored. Therefore, the sixth star is paired with the moon, and its position governs the constant principles of heaven. If the Son of Heaven issues decrees that are harsh, if punishments are unjust, if executions are carried out improperly, relying solely on authority and misusing punishments and executions, then the sixth star will not shine brightly; when the sixth star is dim, the moon will also lose its light; when the moon is dark, the officials will be confused and unable to discern things, and thieves will all rise up together.

《黃帝占》曰：“北斗第七星，為部星；六甲庚午、壬午、丙午、戊午、甲午，建除主破收，主兵，主天四瀆。瀆者，江河淮濟之水，故第七星主日，其位主司馬，不敬諸神江河淮濟，則第七星不明；不明則日無光，則海水出，流煞百姓，則其年有兵，司馬將軍而行，萬民不昌，司馬與士卒俱凶。”

The Huangdi Zhan says: The seventh star of the Big Dipper is the Bu star; it oversees the days of Gengwu, Renwu, Bingwu, Wuwu, and Jiawu among the Six Jia. In the twelve divine spirits of Jianchu, it governs 'Po' and 'Shou'. It oversees military affairs and also oversees the four great rivers in the sky. The four great rivers refer to the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huai River, and the Ji River. The seventh star corresponds to the Star of Brightness and Prestige, and its position is equivalent to that of the Minister of War. If one does not respect the water deities of the Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji rivers, the seventh star will not shine brightly; when the seventh star is dim, the Star of Brightness and Prestige will also lose its light; when the Star of Brightness and Prestige loses its light, the sea water will overflow, flooding and drowning the people, and there will be warfare in that year. The Minister of War will lead the army to campaign, and the common people will not flourish; both the Minister of War and the soldiers will face danger.

《河圖》曰：“璣四星，紀日蝕微；玉衡三星，紀天倫山崩。”《洛書》曰：“開樞受微，逆天失度，提旋序微，地道失理，機耀渚微，人民冤結，政乖失常，權拾取微，江河涸竭，水失道，玉衡樞微，音節災紀；開陽紀微，律曆鍾呂，昧失理，搖光吐微，星辰政度失序。”

The Yellow River Chart says: The four stars called Ji are dim, indicating an omen of an eclipse; the three stars called Yu Heng are dim, indicating disorder in the heavenly order and the collapse of mountains and hills. The Luo Writing says: If the stars called Kai Shu and Shou Shu are dim, it signifies defiance of the natural order and loss of regularity; if the order of the rotating stars is disordered, it signifies the loss of order in the earth's path; if the star Ji is dim, the people will suffer injustice and grievances, and government affairs will become irregular and deviate from the norm; if the star Quan, which is responsible for gathering and collecting, is dim, rivers and streams will dry up and the watercourses will lose their original course; if the star Yu Heng, which is the central pivot, is dim, the musical scales and measures will become omens of calamity; if the star Kai Yang, which maintains order, is dim, the study of laws, calendars, bells, and chimes will become confused and lose their order; if the star Yao Guang, which regulates the intake and release, is dim, the commands and measures governing the movement of stars will become disorderly.

《詩含神霧》曰：“七政星不明，各為其政不行。”《尚書璇璣鈐》曰：“北斗第一星變色，微赤不明，六日而日蝕。”《禮記斗威儀》曰：“君乘土而王，其政太平；則宮室黃大，其餘六星，暉光四起。”（宮，北斗魁星也。）《春秋演孔圖》曰：“八政不中部，則王綱紀起，失常。”《春秋元命包》曰：“衡之拔起，三公后妃恣，君如贅旒。”

The Shih Containing Divine Mist says: If the seven governing stars are not bright, the respective affairs they oversee will not be carried out. The Shangshu Xuanji Qian says: If the first star of the Big Dipper changes color to a faint red and is not bright, there will be an eclipse of the sun six days later. The Li Ji Dou Wei Yi says: When the ruler inherits the earth virtue and establishes his reign, and the political affairs are peaceful and orderly, then the star known as the Palace will appear yellow and large, while the other six stars will shine brightly. The original commentary says: Here, the term 'Palace' refers to the star known as the Handle of the Big Dipper. The Chunqiu Yan Kong Tu says: If the eight aspects of governance are not in harmony with their respective positions, even if the ruler's principles are raised, they will still lose their proper course. The Chunjiu Yuan Meng Bao says: If the star of the balance rises prominently, it signifies that the three ministers and the empresses will act arbitrarily and dominate, and the ruler will be like an unnecessary ornament on a banner, merely holding an empty position.

《春秋緯文曜鉤》曰：“王者失執偏任，臣下擅任；則衡撥起，柳失制，拔者，陽星戾，戾則日蝕，心消，江河為害，期九年；天子無威，王者舒濡，臣併為政，則衡匡移側，不停匡者，陰星進，進則山谷滿，極星亡，日不見，期八年；中國無君主，天大下亂，王者貪恣，開利門，賈百姓，朝以貨財為榮，無仁義之廉，則璣星低，低者，樞璣星下移，移則山躍參差，天投石，蝗蟲為害，奎星息，期九年；主試天下，無文法，兵官榮，王者不用仁義為政，則佞臣熾，哲人消，群奸之害，以圓為方，以欺為忠，朝廷閉塞，天下蔽壅，則杓仰，仰者，杓星上句，移而高，則山崩，龍群吟，飛火，泉踴，彗入斗，辰守房，天庫虛，狼狐張，期八年；五伯起，帝王亡，後黨嬉，（宋均曰：嬉，盛也。）讒賊興，群官之政，以私害公，則魁星反而擾衡。”

The Spring and Autumn Writings: Celestial Hooks states: When a sovereign loses his authority, relies on one side, and the ministers become self-willed and independent, then the star of balance suddenly rises, and the willow mansion loses its control. The term '拔' refers to the yang star being out of harmony, which leads to solar eclipse, the heart mansion darkens, and rivers and lakes cause disasters, occurring after nine years. When the Son of Heaven lacks authority, acts sluggishly and weakly, and the ministers collectively control the government, then the star of balance tilts and wavers, becoming unstable. The term '匡' refers to the yin star intruding, which causes mountains and valleys to fill up, the pole star to disappear, and the star of brightness and prestige to be hidden, occurring after eight years. When the Central Plains lacks a true sovereign, the world becomes chaotic, the sovereign is greedy and unrestrained, opens many avenues for profit, treats the people as goods, and the court takes gathering wealth as glory, lacking benevolence, righteousness, integrity, and shame. Thus, the star of the玑 (a measuring instrument) hangs low. The term '低' refers to the pivot star and the玑 star moving downward, which causes mountains to tremble, become uneven, stones to fall from the sky, locusts to cause disasters, and the constellation of the qi (a star cluster) to stop. This occurs after nine years. When the sovereign judges the world based on personal likes and dislikes, lacks written laws and regulations, and the military officials enjoy exclusive favor, and the sovereign does not govern with benevolence and righteousness, then the wicked ministers become rampant, the wise men retreat, and the group of villains cause harm, mistaking circles for squares, treating fraud as loyalty, and the court becomes closed off, the world becomes blocked. Thus, the handle of the dipper tilts upward. The term '仰' refers to the handle star tilting upward, moving out of place, and rising. Once it rises, mountains collapse, dragons cry out in sorrow, fires spread in all directions, springs surge violently, comets enter the dipper mansion, the star of the morning (辰星) lingers in the room mansion, the celestial treasury is empty, and the wolf star and fox star shine brightly. This occurs after eight years. The five hegemonies arise, the emperors decline, the faction of the later generation becomes powerful (the original annotation cites Song Jun's explanation: '嬉' means strong), the slanderous and cunning villains stir up disturbances, and officials govern for private interests rather than public good. Thus, the star of the handle (魁星) reverses and disturbs the star of balance.

《春秋運斗樞》曰：“王者承度、行義、郊天、事神不敬，廢禮，文不從經圖，則樞星不明，主病目舌若喉，此類見；主以逆天自恣，為三公名侯所謀，舉土功，立州侯，失德逆時，害謀顯惡，問仰左官，隨意已虜符，則璇星不明，主鮮落，若偏枯，近臣恣，將相謀；主以逆陰失符，德義少殘，百姓家獄慘毒，吏巧邪暴，設變害舒，失民命，懷冤抑，則璣星不明，主病心腹若眩疽，太尉謀；主以逆人倫，誅符命，到禁切，愚喜怒，動失時，則橫星不明；若主庳蹶逆，以無禁誅，遠雅頌，若倡優奢，政偽度，毀讒則嬉，則玉衡不明；主若痿蹙，以迷或誅，德弊任過，官多尸祿，爵賞逆符，不修斗度，房表之樞，法令數更，以苛相杓，則開陽星不明；主若鬲疽，以不聰明誅，廢江淮，不省山瀆之祠，州士之位，不應天符，斬伐無度，壞山絕渠，威德四弱，外國遠州，搖光不明。主若腫痂痔痛，備失樞。”《孝經援神契》曰：“王者德至於天，則斗極明。”

The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Movement of the Stars says: If a ruler accepts the heavenly measure, practices virtue, yet fails to worship heaven and gods with reverence, abandons ritual, and does not follow the classics and diagrams, then the pivot star will not shine brightly, and the ruler will suffer from eye, tongue, or throat ailments, and such omens will appear. If the ruler violates the heavenly way, indulges in excess, and is plotted against by the Three Excellencies and renowned marquises, he will extensively build structures, appoint excessive regional governors, lose virtue and violate the seasons, harm others in his affairs, reveal his evil deeds, consult cunning ministers, and arbitrarily issue credentials, then the xuan star will not shine brightly, and the ruler will have a withered appearance or suffer from paralysis on one side of his body, with ministers acting recklessly and ministers plotting secretly. If the ruler violates the yin way, loses the mandate, lacks virtue and righteousness, and the people are trapped in severe lawsuits, officials are cunning and tyrannical, set up troubles, harm leniency, injure people's lives, and make them hold grievances, then the ji star will not shine brightly, and the ruler will suffer from heart and abdomen ailments or dizziness and abscesses, with the grand commander plotting against him. If the ruler violates human relations, executes those who bear the mandate, imposes harsh prohibitions and oppression, is capricious in his anger and joy, and acts against the proper time, then the heng star will not shine brightly. If the ruler is lowly and stumbling, his actions are contrary to the right way, he does not prohibit what should be prohibited or execute what should be executed, he distances himself from the refined and virtuous music, favors entertainers and indulges in luxury, his decrees are false and disorderly, and he is pleased by slander and defamation, then the yu heng star will not shine brightly; the ruler will suffer from weakness and curling, and be executed due to confusion. If virtue is ruined and the wrong people are appointed, officials are mostly those who eat salaries without working, the ranks and rewards violate the mandate, and the system of measuring the stars is not refined, the pivot of the room mansion is lost, laws are frequently changed, and people are driven by harsh details, then the kai yang star will not shine brightly; the ruler will suffer from abscesses in the diaphragm and be executed due to lack of wisdom. If the sacrifices to the Yangtze and Huai rivers are abandoned, the temples of mountains, rivers, and canals are not visited, the positions of the regional officials do not match the heavenly mandate, excessive cutting and felling occur, mountains and hills are destroyed, canals are cut off, the power and virtue weaken in all directions, and foreign countries and distant regions turn away, then the yao guang star will not shine brightly; the ruler will suffer from swollen sores, scabs, and hemorrhoids, due to losing the key of defense. The Classic of Filial Piety and Divine Causality says: When a ruler's virtue reaches heaven, the Big Dipper and the North Star will shine brightly.

《援神契》曰：“天子不事祠名山，不敬鬼神，則斗第一星不明；數起土功，壞決山陵，逆地理，不從諫，則第二星不明；天子不愛百姓，則第三星明；發號施令，不從四時，則第四星不明；用樂聲淫泆，則第五星不明；用文法深刻，則第六星不明；不省江河淮濟之祠，則第七星不明。”

The Wei text "Xiao Jing Yuan Shen Qi" says: If the Son of Heaven does not worship the sacred mountains at the proper time, and shows no reverence to the spirits, the first star of the Big Dipper will lose its brightness; if he frequently undertakes large construction projects, damages mountains and breaks the earth's veins, violates the earth's structure, and does not listen to the advice of his ministers, the second star will lose its brightness; if the Son of Heaven does not cherish the people, the third star will become abnormally bright; if he issues decrees not in accordance with the four seasons, the fourth star will lose its brightness; if he indulges in licentious and decadent music, the fifth star will lose its brightness; if he uses legal codes too harshly and excessively, the sixth star will lose its brightness; if he does not seriously perform the worship of the four great rivers, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huai River, and the Ji River, the seventh star will lose its brightness.

《孝經內記》曰：“兩北斗夜見者，天子易後當起。”石氏曰：“北斗第四星，名照明，大動，天子兵強國安，其微小，色若青黑，軍破國亡。”石氏曰：“七政星明者，其國昌；不明者，其國有殃。”石氏曰：“北斗七星，欲其明大，潤澤相類；不相類者，治亂。”又占曰：“北斗一星亡，天下必有大事，若有大變。”

The *Xiao Jing Nei Ji* says: If two Beidous appear in the sky at the same time at night, it foretells that the emperor will change his empress, and this event is about to happen. The Shi school says: The fourth star of the Big Dipper is called "Zhaoming" (Lighting). If it shines brightly, it indicates the emperor's military strength is strong and the country is stable; if it becomes faint and dark, it signifies the army's defeat and the country's downfall. The Shi school also says: The seven stars of the Big Dipper are collectively called "Qizheng" (Seven Authorities). If the seven stars are bright, the country will flourish; if they are dim, the country will suffer calamities. The Shi school further says: The seven stars of the Big Dipper should be bright and large, with similar brilliance. If their colors and brightness differ, it indicates political chaos. Another divination says: If one star in the Big Dipper disappears, there will certainly be a major event or a significant change in the world.

又占曰：“正星有變、其宮有憂若死；法星有變，女主當之若死；令星有變、火官有憂若死；伐星有變，水官有憂若死；煞星有變，土官有憂若死；危星有變，木官有憂若死；部星有變，金官有憂，若死。”甘氏曰：“衡星分明，則法令從；微細，則法令不行；衡星相疏，法令緩；相去數，法令急。”

Another divination passage states: The seven stars of the Big Dipper each have their own names. If the first star, 'Zheng Star,' shows an anomaly, the official department it governs will face troubles, possibly even death. If the second star, 'Fa Star,' shows an anomaly, the female ruler will be involved, possibly leading to death or mourning. If the third star, 'Ling Star,' shows an anomaly, the official in charge of fire will face troubles, possibly even death. If the fourth star, 'Fa Star,' shows an anomaly, the official in charge of water will face troubles, possibly even death. If the fifth star, 'Sha Star,' shows an anomaly, the official in charge of earth will face troubles, possibly even death. If the sixth star, 'Wei Star,' shows an anomaly, the official in charge of wood will face troubles, possibly even death. If the seventh star, 'Bu Star,' shows an anomaly, the official in charge of metal will face troubles, possibly even death. The Gan school says: If the star 'Yuheng' in the Dipper is bright and clear, the laws and regulations will be properly enforced. If Yuheng is small and dim, the laws and regulations will not be effectively implemented. If Yuheng is distant from the other stars, the laws and regulations will be lenient. If Yuheng is close to the other stars, the laws and regulations will be strict.

又占曰：“北斗自暈，破軍，北斗消，天下君臣相背。”巫咸曰：“北斗明星，王者治。”郗萌曰：“北斗杓為北高，主急事，馳馬兵驚；常以春三月候北斗魁第一星者，曰應星，色赤，大赦；色白，有喜。”郗萌曰：“北斗旁多星，則國家安。”又占曰：“北斗前移，外胡人北移，內胡人南。”巫咸曰：“王者逆道，則北斗不明。”

Another divination passage says: When the Big Dipper itself produces a halo, it indicates the army will be defeated; when the light of the Big Dipper's stars diminishes, it signifies that the sovereign and ministers will turn against each other. Wu Xian says: When the stars of the Big Dipper are bright, it is a sign of the sovereign's governance being clear and upright. Xi Meng says: The handle of the Big Dipper is called 'Shao'. When it points to the northern high place, it indicates urgent matters, with swift horses galloping and military disturbances. Usually, during the three months of spring, one observes the first star in the Big Dipper's handle, which is also called 'Ying Star'. If this star is red, it signifies a great amnesty; if it is white, it signifies joyous events. Xi Meng also says: When there are many small stars around the Big Dipper, the state will be stable. Another divination passage says: When the entire Big Dipper moves forward, the northern nomads will migrate northward, while the southern nomads will migrate southward. Wu Xian says: When the sovereign acts against righteousness and goes against the correct path, the Big Dipper will not shine brightly.

《瑞應圖》曰：“王者孝行溢，則斗溳精者，精光不隕也。”《荊州占》曰：“北斗星盛動搖者，不出百日中，天下盡以兵革死。”《荊州占》曰：“北斗中多小星者，民怨上，天下多訟法者：無星，二十日有赦。”又占曰：“北斗亡，不相反害，必有伐主。”

The *Ru Ying Tu* says: When a ruler's filial virtue is abundant and spreads widely, the Big Dipper will have its vital energy moistening and nourishing. The term "yun jing" refers to its bright light that never wanes or diminishes. The *Jingzhou Zhan* says: If the stars of the Big Dipper shine brightly but are unstable and fluctuating, within a hundred days, the people across the land will suffer greatly from wars and military conflicts. The *Jingzhou Zhan* also says: If there are many small stars among the Big Dipper, it indicates that the common people resent those in power, and there will be many disputes and legal cases throughout the land; if there are no small stars in the Big Dipper, there will be an amnesty within twenty days. Another divination says: If a star in the Big Dipper disappears and is not visible, but the other stars do not mutually harm each other, then there will certainly be an uprising against the ruler.

《荊州占》曰：“北斗第一星不明，御史大夫非其人也；第二星不明，大司農非其人也；第三星不明，少府非其人也；第四星不明，光祿非其人也；第五星不明，鴻臚非其人也；第六星不明，廷尉非其人也；第七星不明，執金吾非其人也。”

The "Jingzhou Divination" states: The seven stars of the Big Dipper each correspond to an important official position in the court. If a star is dim, it indicates that the person in that position is not competent. If the first star is dim, it means the Grand Censor has appointed the wrong person; if the second star is dim, it means the Grand Granary Officer has appointed the wrong person; if the third star is dim, it means the Minister of the Lesser Palace has appointed the wrong person; if the fourth star is dim, it means the Grand Attendant has appointed the wrong person; if the fifth star is dim, it means the Grand Superintendent of Rituals has appointed the wrong person; if the sixth star is dim, it means the Grand Judge has appointed the wrong person; if the seventh star is dim, it means the Commander of the Golden Guards has appointed the wrong person.

《荊州占》曰：“北斗魁第一星，主陽，主德，天子之象也，萬國之始也；即有變，日應之，使其官有憂，若有死亡；正星色赤，有兵，不出月中；色白，為水，若揚光。色赤，無利，春至夏，馬牛金石物貴；夏至秋，黍麥貴；秋至冬，粟黍麥魚鹽貴；冬至春，薪菜貴，而糴賤。”

The *Jingzhou Divination* says: The first star of the Big Dipper's handle governs yang energy and moral education, symbolizes the Son of Heaven, and marks the beginning of all states. If it changes, the Star of Brightness and Prestige will respond accordingly, causing troubles in the relevant government offices, and even leading to deaths. When this star turns red, it indicates military conflict, which will occur within a month. If it turns white, it signifies flooding or an outspread glow. When it appears red, all affairs will be unfavorable: from spring to summer, horses, cattle, and metal and stone items will become expensive; from summer to autumn, millet and wheat will be costly; from autumn to winter, millet, millet, wheat, fish, and salt will be expensive; from winter to spring, firewood and vegetables will be costly, while the price of grain will drop.

《荊州占》曰：“北斗第二星，主陰，主刑，而生萬物，女主位也；即有變，月應之，無救，大人一子為憂，女主官當之者死；法星色赤，有兵無救，期一歲，若二歲，兵罷；色青，三日有兵，期三月，若四月；色青不復，有暴疾之君；色青白，有白衣之會，期三月；色黃黑，更弊；色黑，有大水，期三年中，其有，期三月中；色黑白，郭壞之，有暴水，若大風，期六月中。”

The "Jingzhou Divination" states: The second star of the Big Dipper governs Yin energy, punishment, and the nurturing of all things; it is the position of the female ruler. When it changes, the moon will correspond with it. If there is no way to prevent it, the son of a nobleman will suffer misfortune, and the female ruler and the official in charge will bear the calamity and die. When this "law star" turns red, there will be military conflict that cannot be prevented, and the event will occur within one or two years; when it turns green, military conflict will occur within three days, and the event will happen within three or four months; if the green color remains for a long time, the sovereign will suffer a sudden illness; if the color is green with a white tinge, there will be mourning events, and the event will occur within three months; if the color is yellow with a black tinge, there will be changes to corrupt policies; if the color is black, there will be a great flood, and the event will occur within three years, or if the omen has already appeared, it will occur within three months; if the color is black with a white tinge, there will be destruction of city walls, sudden floods, or a great wind, and the event will occur within six months.

《荊州占》曰：“北斗第三星，變色青黑，變更法令，天下不安，赤黃有兵；其變白，為一月，而兵罷。”又占曰：“北斗第四星，色青若赤，大臣有憂；黃，君有喜。”又占曰：“北斗第五星，色青，米粟貴；赤，菽貴；赤黑，麥貴；白，禾黍貴；黑，糴賤。”《荊州占》曰：“北斗第六星，色青，有離國；赤，有兵。”

The "Jingzhou Divination" says: When the third star of the Big Dipper turns blue-black, it indicates that laws and regulations will be changed, and the whole country will not be at peace; when it turns red-yellow, there will be military affairs; when it turns white, military affairs will subside after one month. Another divination says: When the fourth star of the Big Dipper is blue or red, the ministers will have worries; when it is yellow, the sovereign will have joyous events. Another divination says: When the fifth star of the Big Dipper is blue, rice and millet will be expensive; when it is red, beans will be expensive; when it is red with black, wheat will be expensive; when it is white, millet and millet will be expensive; when it is black, the price of grain bought in will be cheap. The "Jingzhou Divination" also says: When the sixth star of the Big Dipper is blue, there will be a situation where feudal lords leave their own states; when it is red, there will be military affairs.

又占曰：“北斗第七星，一名應星，主兵；即有憂，太白應之，金官有憂若死；色赤，死，有兵，期一歲，其春也，有喜；色青，有移徙民；色黃，有君益地；色白，有憂；色黑，有水。”

Another divination passage says: The seventh star of the Big Dipper is also called the "Response Star," which governs military affairs; once it shows a sign of worry, the planet Tai Bai will correspond with it, and officials in charge of metal will face calamity or even death. If its color is red, it indicates death, mourning, and military conflict, and the event will occur within a year; if it occurs in spring, it instead foretells joy. If its color is blue, it indicates the movement and migration of the people; if yellow, it indicates the king expanding the territory; if white, it indicates worry; if black, it indicates flooding.

《文曜鉤》曰：“輔星匡危。”（孟康曰：在北斗第六星旁。）《春秋合誠圖》曰：“輔星主旋明。”《援神契》曰：“輔星正，矯不平。”《荊州占》曰：“輔星，丞相之象也。”《雒罪級》曰：“輔星微，公宰弱，無良羽。”《春秋緯》曰：“輔星小，天子佐消，七政毀，輔乃亡。”《春秋緯》曰：“輔星明近，則輔臣親厚；疏小，則輔臣微弱，無道。”

The Wei text "Chunqiu Wenyao Gou" says: The duty of Fuxing is to correct dangerous situations. The original commentary cites Meng Kang, who says: Fuxing is located beside the sixth star of the Big Dipper. "Chunqiu Hecheng Tu" says: Fuxing governs the brightness during the rotation of the Big Dipper's handle. "Xiaojing Yu Shenqi" says: When Fuxing is upright, it can correct unjust and unfair matters. "Jingzhou Zhan" says: Fuxing symbolizes the prime minister. "Luozhiji" says: When Fuxing is faint, the three dukes and ministers will be weak, and the monarch will lack capable assistants. "Chunqiu Wei" says: When Fuxing becomes smaller, the power of the monarch's ministers will diminish; when the seven stars of the Big Dipper decay, Fuxing will also disappear. "Chunqiu Wei" also says: When Fuxing is bright and close to the Big Dipper, the ministers assisting the monarch will be close and loyal; when Fuxing is distant and faint, the ministers will be weak and ineffective, and the state's governance will decline.

郗萌曰：“輔星明，則王者夾輔佐出。”郗萌曰：“輔星遠斗星五六寸，相不死，出走。”《荊州占》曰：“輔星近斗，一寸、二寸，臣欲迫脅主。”又占曰：“輔星不見，相死。”又占曰：“輔星北，則黃瑞降，子孫蕃昌。”又占曰：“斗星明，輔星不明，主強臣弱。”又占曰：“輔星明，斗星不明，臣強主弱。”又占曰：“輔星大而明，主奪攻。”又占曰：“輔星不明，相不死，則免。”

Xi Meng said: When the auxiliary star is bright, there will be virtuous ministers who assist the king on his left and right. Xi Meng also said: When the auxiliary star is five or six inches away from the Big Dipper, even if the prime minister does not die, he will have to flee. The "Jingzhou Divination" says: When the auxiliary star is close to the Big Dipper, only one or two inches away, it indicates that ministers will threaten the king. Another divination says: When the auxiliary star disappears, the prime minister will die. Another divination says: When the auxiliary star is biased to the north, there will be a yellow auspicious sign, and the descendants will flourish. Another divination says: When the Big Dipper is bright but the auxiliary star is not, the king will be strong and the ministers weak. Another divination says: When the auxiliary star is bright but the Big Dipper is not, the ministers will be strong and the king weak. Another divination says: When the auxiliary star is both large and bright, the king's authority will be taken away and he will be attacked. Another divination says: When the auxiliary star is not bright, the prime minister will not die but will be dismissed from office.

又占曰：“輔星欲小明，小明，則相明。”又占曰：“輔星合斗星，十日，兵起。”又占曰：“輔星明大，與斗星合，兵起，臣強主弱。”又占曰：斗輔星去，丞相去。”《孝經右秘》曰：“大夫不信，斗輔亡。”郗萌曰：“輔星入斗中，相繫。”《荊州占》：“輔星入斗中，輔臣有誅者。”

Another divination passage says: The auxiliary star should be small but bright; if it is small and bright, the prime minister will be wise. Another passage says: When the auxiliary star joins with the stars of the Big Dipper, there will be military actions within ten days. Another passage says: If the auxiliary star is both bright and large and joins with the Big Dipper, it indicates the rise of military actions, with ministers strong and the ruler weak. Another passage says: When the Big Dipper and the auxiliary star separate, the prime minister will be dismissed from office. The "Right Secret of the Book of Filial Piety" says: If a minister does not uphold trust and righteousness, the Big Dipper and the auxiliary star will disappear. Xi Meng says: If the auxiliary star enters the body of the Big Dipper, the prime minister will be imprisoned. The "Jingzhou Divination" says: If the auxiliary star enters the body of the Big Dipper, there will be someone among the ministers in charge of assisting the ruler who will be executed.

《荊州占》曰：“輔星生翌，天子驚，大將謀。”《春秋緯》曰：“輔星生翌，不出三年，主誅臣為王。”又占曰：“邪臣挾私，擅國符，輔生翌。”又占曰：“九卿阿黨，排擠正直，驕奢侈害，則江河潰決，斗輔生角，輔遠陽，大臣無德，邦必立王。”《石氏贊》曰：“北斗七星，廩授輔相，（一本云：輔養。一本云：輔爭。）近臣見微意。”

The *Jingzhou Divination* says: If the star of the Assistant Star produces a luminous wing-like appearance, the Son of Heaven will be startled, and the great generals will have conspiracies. The *Chunqiu Wei* says: If the Assistant Star produces a luminous wing-like appearance, within three years, ministers will kill the sovereign and establish themselves as kings. Another divination says: If wicked ministers harbor private intentions and擅自 control the national symbols, the Assistant Star will produce a luminous wing-like appearance. Another divination says: If the nine ministers form factions and act in self-interest, exclude upright officials, and display arrogance and extravagance causing harm, there will be breaches in rivers and torrents, the Big Dipper and the Assistant Star will produce luminous rays, and the Assistant Star will move away from the yang position; this is an omen of ministers lacking virtue, and the country will certainly have to establish a new king. The *Shi School Commentary* says: The seven stars of the Big Dipper are like granaries, assigning duties to the ministers assisting the sovereign. Close ministers can discern heavenly will from subtle changes in the stars.