The sun is showing a continuous series of rings around it.

高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日方暈，而上下聚二背，將敗，民散。”又曰：“日暈方，如井干，天下不知。”《荊州占》曰：“日暈，連如環，為兩軍兵起，君爭地。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈，環而聚，君死。”四邊亞出也。

The "Diagram of the Solar Halo" attributed to Yin Gaozong says: the solar halo appears square-shaped, with two "back" halos gathering above and below, indicating the defeat of generals and the dispersion of common people. It also says: the solar halo appears square, like the wooden railing on top of a well, causing the people across the land to be confused and at a loss. The "Jingzhou Divination" says: when the solar halo forms one ring after another, it indicates two armies engaging in battle, with the king fighting for land. The "Diagram of the Solar Halo" also says: when the solar halo forms a ring and gathers without dispersing, the king will die.the so-called "square halo" refers to the four sides of the halo each extending outward to form edges.

京氏曰：“日暈而珥，宮中多事，後宮分爭，七日不雨，番察中。”甘氏曰：“日暈而珥，主有謀；軍在外，外軍有侮。”《荊州占》曰：“日暈而珥，天下有立侯王。”《荊州占》曰：“日暈而珥於暈上，將軍易。”甘氏曰：“日暈而珥如井干者，國亡以亂，有大兵反。”又曰：“日暈而珥合在軍中；一珥一國；二珥二國；三珥三國；同攻是國也。”甘氏曰：“日暈而珥聚在傍，貴人有罷者。”《太公兵法》曰：“日暈而珥，主有謀；十日不雨，兵起。”

Jing Fang said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds, there will be many affairs in the palace, the concubines will have factional struggles, and there will be no rain for seven days, requiring continuous observation. Gan De said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds, the sovereign has secret plots; if there are armies outside, those armies will be looked down upon. The Jingzhou Divination says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds, there will be the appointment of marquises and dukes. The same book also says: If the 'er' appears above the solar halo, there will be a change of generals. Gan De also said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds resembling the rim of a well, the country will be destroyed by internal strife and there will be a rebellion of a large army. He also said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds gathering in the military, one 'er' corresponds to one country, two 'ers' correspond to two countries, three 'ers' correspond to three countries, and these countries will jointly attack one country. Gan De also said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds gathering on one side, there will be the dismissal of a nobleman. The Tai Gong Military Art says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with 'er' shaped clouds, the sovereign has secret plots; if there is no rain for ten days, military affairs will arise.

石氏曰：“日暈而珥合，國有謀反。”《日暈圖》曰：“日暈左珥者，王候有喜；人君有私，事在後宮。”《洛書》曰：“兩敵相當，日暈兩珥，平等俱起而色同，軍無相奈何，色厚潤者賀喜。”又曰：“日暈兩珥，君有喜；一曰眾在外，有大事。”石氏曰：“春暈有四珥，人主更令。”日暈而負夏氏曰：“日負，負者青赤，如半暈狀，以著暈上，則為負。負者，位也；得地為喜。”京氏曰：“日暈，重有四負，殃大國亂；若三日大雨，不占。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈，負且戴，國有喜。戰從戴所擊者，勝；得地。”

Shi Shen said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with two 'ears' that come together, there will be someone plotting rebellion within the country. The "Sun Halo Diagram" says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is an 'ear' on the left, there will be joy and celebration for princes and dukes; at the same time, the monarch has private affairs, and these events occur in the palace. The "Luo Writing" says: When two enemies are in a stalemate, the sun is surrounded by a halo with two 'ears' on each side, equal in height, rising together with the same color, and neither army can overcome the other; if the 'ears' are thick and moist, it signifies celebration and good news. It also says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with two 'ears', the monarch will have joy; another interpretation is that there are many soldiers outside, and there will be major events. Shi Shen said: In spring, if the sun is surrounded by a halo with four 'ears', the monarch will change his policies. This is included under the section "Sun Halo with a 'Negative' Form." Xia Shi said: The term 'negative' refers to a bluish-red cloud-like form, shaped like half a halo, attached above the halo, which is called 'negative'; 'negative' takes the meaning of 'position', indicating a favorable situation and joy. Jing Fang said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with overlapping layers and four 'negative' clouds, there will be severe calamities and chaos in a great country; if it rains heavily within three days, there is no need to interpret it. The "Xiao Jing Nei Ji Tu" says: The sun halo may have both 'negative' and 'positive' forms, indicating joy in the country; when fighting, the side attacking in the direction indicated by the 'positive' form will win and be able to capture land.

《孝經內記》曰：“日暈且冠戴，又有反照於日上；有戴赤青，長四五尺，左右上下有氣，各一丈許，不出九十日，有立侯王，不出百日，有大赦；糴貴十倍，大豆尤甚。”石氏曰：“日暈，且冠且戴，天下有立侯王；若自立者，分必益土。”石氏曰：“日暈且冠，王者有拜謁；若立諸侯，德令四方，天下大赦。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈，有克，兩珥；有纓貫珥中，下交日下；天下有名之臣死，不出三十日有赦。”

The Inner Record of the Classic of Filial Piety says: When there is a solar halo with a 'corona' and a 'diadem', and there is a reflected light above the sun; the 'diadem' appears red with a blue tinge, extending four or five feet long, with other lights on the left and right and above and below each extending about ten feet; within ninety days there will be a prince or duke appointed, within one hundred days there will be a great amnesty; rice prices will rise tenfold, and soybeans will rise even more. Shi Shen says: When there is a solar halo with a 'corona' and a 'diadem', there will be the appointment of a prince or duke; if someone establishes himself as a king, his territory will certainly expand. Shi Shen also says: When there is a solar halo with a 'corona', the king will have court audiences and visits; if there is the appointment of a marquis, then the virtue and orders will spread throughout the land, and there will be a great amnesty. The Inner Record of the Classic of Filial Piety Diagram says: When there is a solar halo with a 'ke' aura and two 'er' auras, and there is a 'ying' aura passing through the 'er' auras and descending to connect below the sun, there will be the death of a famous minister; within thirty days there will be an amnesty.

《太公兵法》曰：“日暈，冠，三珥；天子有喜，或為大赦，功拜大將軍。”高宗曰：“日暈、冠、珥、紐，人主有喜慶，且有所立，不出年中。京氏曰：“日暈，戴、抱、珥，其色皆赤內青外，清明即國家有吉、賀、喜。”《洛書》曰：“日暈且戴，而暈兩有氣皆如珥形，中赤外青，是謂琪璧；一名霧成，色皆黃白潤澤，有獻璧玉寶瑤器者，天子有喜。所以然者，日，天子象也。璧玉者，陰之榮也。黃白潤澤，故言天子有喜。”

The Tai Gong Bing Fa says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with the appearance of a crown and three ear-like formations, the emperor will have joyous events, or issue a great amnesty, or appoint a grand general. The attribution to Yin Gaozong says: If the sun is surrounded by halos with the appearances of a crown, ears, and a button, the ruler will have joyous events, and will appoint someone, and this will happen within the year. Jing Fang says: If the sun is surrounded by halos with the appearances of a headpiece, a hug, and ears, and the colors are red inside and blue outside, with clear and bright weather, the country will have auspicious and joyful events. The Luo Writing says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with the appearance of a headpiece, and on both sides of the halo there are formations like ears, red inside and blue outside, this is called 'Qi Bi', also known as 'Wu Cheng'; if the colors are yellow and white and moist, someone will present jade, precious stones, and rare vessels, and the emperor will be joyful. This is so interpreted because the sun symbolizes the emperor, jade is the most beautiful among yin things, and yellow and white with moisture are auspicious colors, so the emperor will be joyful.

夏氏曰：“日暈而珥，外有一抱；所圍城者，在外，外人勝。”《孝經內記》曰：“日暈，暈中有珥一抱，所謂圍城者在中，中人勝。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈、珥、兩抱，天子且在慶，一抱喜。至氣黃白赤，皆吉也。”《荊州占》曰：“日暈而珥，背左右，如大車輪，兵起，其國亡城，兵滿野，而城復歸。”京氏曰：“日暈有四珥，各四背、璚，期六十日，君臣有異謀者；有急事閉關，不行使，天下更命；三日雨，不占。四背，白氣干之，其端青赤，是妃與臣下共弒其君。”

The Xia family said: When the sun is surrounded by a halo and has a 'ear' (珥), with another 'embrace' (抱) of energy outside the halo, during a siege, the advantage goes to those outside the city, and the attacking side wins. The "Inner Record of the Xiaojing" said: When the sun is surrounded by a halo with an 'ear' and an 'embrace' of energy inside the halo, during a siege, the advantage goes to those inside the city, and the defending side wins. A text attributed to King Gaozong of Yin, called "The Diagram of the Sun's Adjacent Atmosphere," said: When the sun has a halo with an 'ear' and two 'embrace' energies, it indicates the Son of Heaven will have a celebration; if there is only one 'embrace,' it also signifies joy; if the color of the energy is yellow, white, or red, it is all auspicious. The "Jingzhou Divination" said: When the sun is surrounded by a halo with an 'ear,' and there are 'back' energies on both sides resembling large chariot wheels, it indicates the outbreak of military conflict, with a country in the corresponding region losing its city, troops spreading across the outskirts, and later the city returning to its original owner. Jing Fang said: When the sun has a halo with four 'ears,' each paired with four 'back' energies and 'jade' energies, the period is sixty days, indicating the ruler and ministers having different intentions; there is an urgent matter in the country with the closing of borders and the suspension of diplomatic missions, leading to changes in the governance of the world; if it rains within three days, there is no need to interpret further. If the four 'back' energies are interfered with by white energy, with the ends of the white energy showing a bluish-red color, this indicates a plot by concubines and ministers to assassinate the sovereign.

夏氏曰：“有軍日暈，有一抱，抱為順，貫暈中；在日西，西軍大勝，東軍大敗，中赤外青。若在日東，東軍大勝，西軍大敗，南北亦然。”石氏曰：“日暈有抱，抱為順，在日月之傍，王者有喜，子孫吉昌，政令行。”《洛書》曰：“凡占兩軍相當，必謹審日月之暈氣，知其所起、止、遠、近，應與不應，遲、疾、大、小、厚、薄、長、短、抱、背為多少，有、無、實、虛、久、亟、密、疏、澤、枯、相應，日等無相，奈何？

Xia said: When an army is outside and a solar halo appears, with a 'hugging' qi passing through the halo — 'hugging' qi is smooth and harmonious — if the 'hugging' is on the west side of the sun, then the western army will have a great victory and the eastern army will suffer a great defeat, the qi will be red inside and blue outside; if the 'hugging' is on the east side of the sun, then the eastern army will have a great victory and the western army will suffer a great defeat; the method of judging in the north-south direction is the same. Shi Shen said: When there is a solar halo with 'hugging' qi, 'hugging' qi is smooth and harmonious, appearing near the sun or moon, the king will have joy and celebration, his descendants will be prosperous and flourishing, and his decrees will be smoothly implemented. The Luo Writing says: When predicting the outcome of a battle between two armies, one must carefully examine the halos of the sun and moon: determine where they originate and where they end, how far they are from the sun or moon, whether they correspond with the military situation, how slowly or quickly they form, whether they are large or small, whether the qi layers are thick or thin, whether the qi body is long or short, how much 'hugging' and 'back' qi there is, whether they exist or not, whether they are real or virtual, how long they last or how urgent they are, whether the qi is dense or sparse, whether the color is moist or dry, and whether both sides correspond to each other; if both sides are equal in all aspects and it is impossible to distinguish superiority or inferiority, then how should one judge?

故曰：近勝遠，疾勝遲，大勝小，厚勝薄，長勝短，抱勝背，多勝少，有勝無，實勝虛，久勝亟，密勝疏，澤勝枯，重抱大勝無抱也。抱為和親，抱多親者益多；背為不和，分離相去，背於中者離於中，背於外者離於外也。凡分離相去之相，親疏赤中外青，以和相去：青中外赤，以惡相去。”《太公兵法》曰：“日暈抱、珥，喜氣；日暈黃者，主人有喜。”《太公陰秘》曰：“日一暈、一抱、一背為不和信者，更逆不信者，順。”

Following the text of the Luo Writing, it says: the closer the qi, the more powerful it is; the faster the formation, the more powerful it is; the larger the form, the more powerful it is; the thicker the qi layer, the more powerful it is; the longer the qi body, the more powerful it is; those with "bao" are more powerful than those with "bei"; the more numerous, the more powerful; those with qi are more powerful than those without; the more solid the qi, the more powerful it is; the longer lasting, the more powerful it is; the denser the qi, the more powerful it is; the more moist and nourishing, the more powerful it is. Those with double "bao" are even more powerful than those with no "bao" qi at all. "Bao" signifies harmony and attachment; the more "bao" qi, the more attached people there are. "Bei" signifies discord, with both sides separating. "Bei" within the halo signifies separation from within, while "bei" outside the halo signifies separation from without. In all such cases of separation and dispersion, one should observe the color of the qi to distinguish between close and distant relationships: if the inside is red and the outside is blue, it signifies a harmonious parting; if the inside is blue and the outside is red, it signifies mutual hostility and separation. The Tai Gong's Military Methods say: a solar halo accompanied by "bao" and "er" signifies auspiciousness; a yellow solar halo signifies joy in the defending region. The Tai Gong's Secret of the Yin says: one layer of solar halo, one "bao," and one "bei" signifies mutual discord and lack of trust; when the situation reverses, the originally discordant and distrustful side becomes the one that surrenders.

夏氏曰：“《日暈圖》云：‘暈有重抱，後有偕戰，順抱者勝，得地。’”高宗曰：“日暈兩抱，天子有喜，天下和平，色赤黃白皆吉，有和親。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈四抱，天子有喜，將相治，端皆向主者，來和親。”甘氏曰：“日暈抱、珥，上將軍易。”京氏曰：“日暈，背氣有暈中，此為不和，分離相去，其色青外中赤，忠臣受命，主有所之兩軍相當；中人軍欲降叛於外也。”董仲舒曰：“日暈兩背，君臣俱危，主失凶。”

The Xia family cited the "Diagram of the Sun's Halo" saying that when the sun is surrounded by a heavy "embrace" halo, there will be a battle between two armies, and the side advancing in the direction of the "embrace" halo will win and gain territory. A claim attributed to King Gaozong of Yin said that when the sun is surrounded by two "embrace" halos, the Son of Heaven will have joyous events and the world will be peaceful; halos of red, yellow, and white are all auspicious, indicating events of marriage alliances. In Gaozong's "Diagram of the Sun's Side Halo," it was said that when the sun is surrounded by four "embrace" halos, the Son of Heaven will have joyous events, and ministers will each govern their respective areas; if the ends of all the halos are directed toward the throne, it means that all four directions will come to form marriage alliances. Gan De said that when the sun is surrounded by an "embrace" and a "earring" halo, the supreme general will be replaced. Jing Fang said that when there is a "back" halo within the sun's halo, it indicates discord, leading to separation between both sides; if the color is outer blue and inner red, it means a loyal minister is entrusted with a mission and the ruler is going elsewhere; if two armies are facing each other, it means the troops within the city wish to surrender and defect to the outside. Dong Zhongshu said that when the sun is surrounded by two "back" halos, both the ruler and the ministers will be in peril, and the ruler will face a danger of losing his position.

《太公陰秘》曰：“日暈有背，大臣有叛者；或曰：左右欲有走。”石氏曰：“日暈而背，兵起，其分失城。”石氏曰：“日暈有背，背為逆，有降叛，有反城。在日東，東有叛；在日西，西有叛；南北亦如之。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈一背，臣弒主。”（按《中興書》曰：“隆安元年十二月壬辰，日暈有背、璚，是後帝不親萬幾會稽世子元顯專、行威，罰義，熙六年五月丙子，日暈有背、璚，是時盧循逼京都，戰於郊也。）

The book "Tai Gong Yin Mi" says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a "back" aura, there will be a minister who rebels; another interpretation says the close attendants of the ruler will leave. Shi Shen says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a "back" aura, military conflicts will arise, and the corresponding region will lose its city. Shi Shen also says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a "back" aura, "back" belongs to the reverse aura, indicating that someone will surrender or rebel, and a city will change hands. If the "back" is to the east of the sun, there will be rebellion in the east; if it is to the west, rebellion will occur in the west; the same applies to the north and south. The book "Ri Bang Qi Tu" attributed to Yin Gaozong says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a "back" aura, it indicates that ministers will kill the ruler. The original book's note says: The "Zhong Xing Shu" records that in the twelfth lunar month of Long'an Year 1 of Emperor An of Jin, on the day of Renchen, the sun was surrounded by a halo and there were "back" and "Jue" auras, after which Emperor An did not personally manage state affairs, and his son, the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Yuanyang, seized power and acted with authority. In the fifth lunar month of Yixi Year 6, on the day of Bingzi, the same phenomenon occurred again. At that time, Lu Xun advanced toward the capital, and both sides fought near the outskirts.

石氏曰：“有軍日暈，有一背，背為逆，在日西，東軍大勝，西軍大敗。若在日東，西軍大戰，東軍敗。南北亦然。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈，上下有兩背，無兵兵起，有兵兵入。”魏氏曰：“日暈，四背在暈內，名曰不和，有內亂，離於中。”夏氏《日暈圖》曰：“日暈，暈中有兩背，兩璚，又半暈臨日，反臣起，中不成。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈，外四背，璚，所謂離於外者，外臣有離去者。”《孝經內記》曰：“日暈，中有四背，璚，其背端盡出暈者，反役內起。”

Shi Shen said: When an army is stationed outside, if a solar halo appears along with a 'back' qi, where 'back' qi is considered an inverse qi, then if the 'back' qi is located to the west of the sun, the eastern army will achieve a great victory while the western army will suffer a great defeat; if the 'back' qi is located to the east of the sun, the western army will fight hard while the eastern army will suffer defeat. The method of interpretation for the north-south directions is the same. The "Xiaojing Neiji Tu" said: If there are two 'back' qi lines above and below the solar halo, then even if there is no military conflict, war will break out; if there is already a military conflict, the enemy troops will invade the territory. Wei Shi said: If a solar halo is accompanied by four 'back' qi lines, all contained within the halo, it is called 'inharmony', indicating internal turmoil and the dispersal of people's hearts. Xia Shi's "Renyun Tu" said: If there are two 'back' qi lines and two 'jue' qi lines within the solar halo, along with half of the halo pressing against the sun, it indicates a rebellion by a traitorous minister, but the matter will not succeed in the middle. The "Xiaojing Neiji Tu" said: If there are four 'back' qi lines and four 'jue' qi lines outside the solar halo, this is called 'separation from outside', indicating that officials appointed from outside will betray and leave. The "Xiaojing Neiji" said: If there are four 'back' qi lines and four 'jue' qi lines within the solar halo, and the ends of the 'back' qi lines extend beyond the halo, it indicates a rebellion originating from within.

京氏曰：“日暈而背四，如大車者，四提沒其國，眾在外，有反臣。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈一背，麗陣貫之，大臣欲犯其主。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈有= ，裂地立王。”石氏曰：“日暈，中有璚氣，璚為不順，與背同；人臣不忠而外其心，君臣乖離，其國兵起，若有逃臣。”京氏曰：“日暈，直氣貫暈中，白其色，將失；順其氣攻，破軍。”高宗曰：“日暈清明，一傍直，有立侯王。其色青外，赤內，潤澤者，上所立也。”

Jing Fang said: A solar halo accompanied by four 'back' qi, forming the shape of a large cart, indicates the 'four lifting' image, which will lead to the downfall of the country; if the army is stationed outside, there will be rebellious ministers within the military. A diagram attributed to Yin Gaozong, called the "Solar Adjacent Qi Diagram," says: A solar halo accompanied by one 'back' qi, with qi arranged like a military formation passing through it, indicates that ministers intend to defy the sovereign. The "Xiaojing Neiji Tu" says: A solar halo accompanied by a certain type of qi (the original text has a missing symbol, and the name of the qi is lost) indicates the division of territory and the establishment of another sovereign. Shi Shen said: A solar halo with 'juan' qi inside, 'juan' qi is an unrighteous qi, similar to 'back' qi; it indicates unfaithful ministers who are disloyal, the sovereign and ministers are at odds, and a country in that region will engage in warfare, or a minister will flee. Jing Fang said: A solar halo with 'zhi' qi passing through it, if the qi is white, indicates the defeat of the general; if the army advances in the direction of this qi, it can defeat the enemy. The saying attributed to Yin Gaozong says: A clear and bright solar halo, with 'zhi' qi on one side, indicates the appointment of a marquis; if the qi is outer blue and inner red, and moist, it indicates the person appointed by the sovereign.

石氏曰：“日暈有直，氣在兩傍，其國有自立者，若立諸候，一曰：王者封賞左右。”《魏氏圖》曰：“日暈有二直，欲自立者，明者立；若黑，不明者死。”《魏氏圖》曰：“日暈，有一直一背，欲自立；二直、二背，欲自立；有三直、三背，欲自立；有四直、四背，皆欲自立也。赤中青外，不成。”夏氏曰：“日暈，有直、珥，為破軍，貫日中，為殺將。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈，兩直一背，有反臣。”石氏曰：“日暈四提，必有大將出亡者。”

Shi Shen said: A solar halo accompanied by two 'Zhi' clouds, with the clouds extending on both sides of the sun, indicates that a country in the corresponding region will have someone claiming independence, or a prince will be enfeoffed. Another interpretation is that the king will reward his close ministers. The "Wei Shi Tu" said: A solar halo with two 'Zhi' clouds indicates someone wanting to claim independence; if the clouds are bright, that person will succeed; if the clouds are dark and not bright, that person will die. The "Wei Shi Tu" also said: A solar halo with one 'Zhi' and one 'Bei' cloud indicates someone wanting to claim independence; two 'Zhi's and two 'Bei's, also someone wanting to claim independence; three 'Zhi's and three 'Bei's, still someone wanting to claim independence; four 'Zhi's and four 'Bei's, then people in all four directions want to claim independence. If the clouds are red inside and blue outside, the matter of claiming independence will not succeed. Xia Shi said: A solar halo with 'Zhi' clouds and 'Er' clouds indicates defeating the enemy's army; if the 'Zhi' clouds pass through the sun, it indicates killing the enemy's general. The "Ri Bang Qi Tu" attributed to Yin Gaozong said: A solar halo with two 'Zhi' clouds and one 'Bei' cloud indicates a rebellious minister. Shi Shen said: A solar halo with four 'Ti' clouds indicates a great general will definitely flee abroad.

京氏曰：“日暈而且冠三重，日下有虹，行正，長數丈，不出其年，有反者；貴人絕，後有兵飢。（按司馬彪《續漢書》曰：光武建武七年四月丙寅日，而日有暈，虹貫暈，在皆八度，畢邊兵，秋隗囂反，侵安定。）《荊州占》曰：“日暈而珥，赤虹貫直其國分者，受其害。”石氏曰：“日暈有抱、背、珥、直，而有虹貫之者，順虹擊之，大勝，得地。”玄冥曰：“日月暈、背，彗孛虹蜺在箕，兵起後宮。玄冥曰：“日月暈，虹蜺彗孛在尾，兵起於宮，將交走，期百八十日。”

Jing Fang said: When the sun is surrounded by a halo, there are three layers of 'corona' above the halo. If there is a rainbow below the sun, and the rainbow is straight and long, reaching several zhang in length, then within the year there will be rebellion by people, the nobleman will have no descendants, and there will be military disaster and famine. The original commentary notes: Sima Biao's "Continued Book of Han" records that in the fourth month of the seventh year of Jianwu, during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han, on the day of Bingyin, the sun produced a halo, and a rainbow pierced through the halo, both appearing in the eighth degree of Bi mansion. Bi mansion governs military affairs in border regions, and in the autumn of that year, Wei Xiao rebelled, disturbing the An Ding commandery. The "Jingzhou Divination" says: When the sun is surrounded by a halo and has a 'ear' attached to it, and there is a straight red rainbow piercing through it, the country corresponding to the position of the rainbow will suffer calamity. Shi Shen said: When the sun is surrounded by a halo and has 'embrace', 'back', 'ear', 'straight' phenomena, and a rainbow pierces through them, attacking in the direction indicated by the rainbow will result in great victory and the acquisition of land. Xuanming said: When the sun and moon produce halos and have a 'back' phenomenon, and comets,孛 stars, rainbows, and霓 appear in Ji mansion - Ji mansion is the territory of Yan - it indicates military disaster originating from the inner court. Xuanming also said: When the sun and moon produce halos, and rainbows,霓, comets, and孛 appear in Wei mansion - Wei mansion also belongs to the territory of Yan - it indicates military disaster originating from the palace, with generals fighting and then fleeing, the time of occurrence is one hundred and eighty days.

石氏曰：“日月無精光，青赤暈，蜺、背、璚在心度中，是謂大湯，兵喪並起，王者以赦降外。”京氏曰：“凡日出虹暈，主分地；日入虹暈，諸侯分地；黑者，以兵分地；白者，以喪分地也。”《荊州占》曰：“日暈而白虹奸，而屬域之東，東斥地；域之南，南斥地；域之西，西斥地；域之北，北斥地；西方皆紆，自四方斥地；是謂人主驕溢，期不出五年。”夏氏曰：“日暈，二白虹貫暈，有客戰勝。”《孝經內記》曰：“日暈，有虹貫暈中，順虹擊者勝，殺將。”

Shi Shen said: When the sun and moon lose their brilliance and only show a green and red halo, and the phenomena of the rainbow, the back, and the jiu appear within the degree of the Heart Mansion — the Heart Mansion is the position of the Heavenly King's Bright Hall and the territory of Song — this is called "Da Tang," indicating that military calamity and funerals occur together, and the king should issue an amnesty decree to attract enemies from outside. Jing Fang said: Whenever a rainbow halo appears at sunrise, it indicates that the king himself will cede territory; if it appears at sunset, it indicates that the feudal lords will cede territory; if the rainbow is black, territory is divided due to warfare; if it is white, territory is divided due to mourning. The "Jingzhou Divination" says: When there is a solar halo with a white rainbow crossing it, if the white rainbow extends to the east, territory will be ceded to the east; if it extends to the south, territory will be ceded to the south; if it extends to the west, territory will be ceded to the west; if it extends to the north, territory will be ceded to the north; if the white rainbow winds around all directions, territory will be ceded from all four sides. This is caused by the king's arrogance and excess, and the event will occur within no more than five years. Xia Shi said: When there is a solar halo with two white rainbows passing through it, the attacking side will win the battle. The "Xiaojing Neiji" says: When there is a solar halo with a rainbow passing through it, the side attacking in the direction indicated by the rainbow will win and be able to kill the enemy general.

甘氏曰：“日暈而珥，有雲穿之者，天下名士死。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈兩珥，而下有黃雲，人主有喜，期百二十日，遠年中。”甘氏曰：“日暈而兩珥在外，有聚雲在中與外，不出三日，城圍，出戰。”《春秋感精符》曰：“日一暈兩珥，有立雲貫日，出國多妖孽。”《洛書摘亡闢》曰：“日暈而兩珥，立雲貫之，國有大疾。”《春秋緯》曰：“日暈有兩珥，黃雲貫之，不出三月，貴人有死者。”

Gan De said: When the sun is eclipsed and has two 'ears' around it, and there are clouds passing through the middle, famous scholars throughout the land will die. The "Sun Halo Diagram" attributed to Yin Gaozong says: When the sun has a halo with two 'ears', and there is yellow cloud below, the ruler will have joy and celebration. If it happens soon, the event will occur within 120 days; if it happens later, it will occur within the year. Gan De also said: When the sun has a halo with two 'ears' outside the halo, and there are cloud masses gathering both inside and outside the halo, the city will be surrounded within three days, and the city must send out troops to fight. The "Spring and Autumn Sensitivity and Spirit Classic" says: When there is a single halo around the sun with two 'ears', and there is a vertical cloud passing through the sun, it indicates that there will be many strange and calamitous occurrences in the country. The "Luo Writing Selection of Lost and Avoided" says: When the sun has a halo with two 'ears', and there is a vertical cloud passing through it, there will be a great plague in the country. The "Spring and Autumn Weave" says: When the sun has a halo with two 'ears', and there is yellow cloud passing through it, within three months, there will be death among the noblemen.

《黃帝兵法》曰：“日月暈，仰視之，須臾忽有雲氣從傍入者，急隨雲以攻之，大勝。”《太公陰秘》曰：“日暈，有五色雲，如杵貫日，從外入，外人歸勝，從內出，內人勝。欲知姓字，白者商，赤者徵，青者角，黑者羽，黃者宮。”《太公陰秘》曰：“日暈，有眾雲在左右，色黃白，吉；青白，兵行；黑白，內亂；青赤，和解；青黑，流血；俱明者，未解兵不歸，明者勝。”甘氏曰：“日暈，有聚雲不去者，兵起。”甘氏曰：“日暈，有聚雲外入，不出三日，國城圍。”

The Yellow Emperor's Military Methods say: When the sun and moon produce a halo, if suddenly clouds appear from the side and intrude, one should immediately attack in the direction the clouds are coming from and will achieve a great victory. The Master Tai Gong's Secret Strategies say: When there is a solar halo and five-colored clouds like a wooden mallet penetrate the sun, if the clouds intrude from outside to inside, the side from which they come will win; if they surge from inside to outside, the side inside will win. To determine which surname corresponds to the outcome, use the five tones matched with five colors: white corresponds to the Shang tone, red to the Zheng tone, blue to the Jue tone, black to the Yu tone, and yellow to the Gong tone. The Master Tai Gong's Secret Strategies also say: When there is a solar halo and clouds spread on both sides, if the clouds are yellow and white, it is auspicious; if they are blue and white, it indicates military campaigns and travel; if they are black and white, it signifies internal turmoil; if they are blue and red, it indicates peace talks; if they are blue and black, it indicates bloodshed; if both sides' clouds are bright, military conflicts will not end and armies will not return, and the side with brighter clouds will win. Gan De says: When there is a solar halo and a cluster of clouds stops and does not disperse, it indicates the outbreak of military conflicts. Gan De also says: When there is a solar halo and a cluster of clouds intrudes from outside, the capital city will be surrounded within three days.

夏氏曰：“日暈，有雲氣從暈外入者，兵得入；雲氣從中出者，兵從中出。”《孝經內記》曰：“日暈，有青雲三，從外貫暈；戰；客勝。”夏氏曰：“貫日以日宿占之。”夏氏曰：“日暈，有青氣從中四出，有圍城，城中勝。有直交三，有欲自立，不成。”夏氏《日暈圖》曰：“日暈，有青雲從外四貫暈，有圍城，外勝中。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈，下有青雲如死虹，屬暈；大將死亡。”

Xia said: If there is a solar halo and cloud vapour enters from outside the halo, it indicates that enemy troops can attack and enter the city; if the cloud vapour bursts out from inside the halo towards the outside, it indicates that the defending troops will attack out of the city. The "Inner Record of the Filial Classic" says: If there is a solar halo with three blue clouds penetrating through the halo from outside, the two armies will fight, and the attacking side will win. Xia said: Whenever cloud vapour passes through the sun, the location should be determined according to the star mansion where the sun is located on that day. Xia also said: If there is a blue vapour radiating from the halo in all directions, and there is a siege, the defending forces inside the city will win; if there are three straight vapours crossing each other, it indicates that someone wants to establish themselves independently but cannot succeed. Xia's "Solar Halo Diagram" says: If there is a solar halo with blue clouds penetrating through the halo from all sides, and there is a siege, the attacking forces outside the city will defeat the defending forces inside. The "Diagram of the Solar Side Vapour" attributed to Yin Gaozong says: If there is a solar halo with blue clouds shaped like a dead rainbow below the halo, connecting to the halo, it indicates the death of a general.

《五音候》曰：“日暈合，氣如人，在暈中偕日者，臣叛，不脫；日暈不合，叛者得脫。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日有白氣，從外向內刺，外人勝；圍城城拔。”《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈，有白氣從內向外刺，中人勝；圍城，城不拔。”石氏曰：“日暈，有白雲如車蓋臨上，城降昨地。”高宗曰：“日暈，有赤氣如戟臨之，其國兵起。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈，傍有赤氣，如節職旗狀在外，名曰螢尤之旗，兵從內起。”

The "Five Tones Manual" says: If the sun is surrounded by a ring-like halo and there is a shape resembling a person within the halo accompanying the sun, it indicates that ministers will rebel but cannot escape. If the sun's halo is broken and not complete, the rebels will be able to escape. The "Inner Record of the Book of Filial Piety" says: If there is a white gas emanating from outside toward the sun like a sharp spear, the forces attacking from outside the city will win, and the city can be captured. The same text also says: If there is a white gas emanating from inside the sun toward the outside like a sharp spear, the defending forces within the city will win, and the city cannot be captured. Shi Shen says: If there is a white cloud resembling a chariot canopy pressing upon the sun's halo, it indicates the city will surrender and the territory will be lost. A text attributed to Yin Gaozong says: If there is a red gas resembling spears and halberds pressing upon the sun's halo, the country corresponding to that region will engage in military action. Gaozong's "Diagram of the Sun's Adjacent Gas" says: If there is a red gas beside the sun's halo, shaped like banners and flags standing outside the halo, it is called "Chiyu's Banner," indicating that warfare will originate from within.

《孝經內記圖》曰：“日暈，赤氣貫中屬白，臣賊主；赤甚者，為用兵；不甚者，為用藥；陰者不發，人莫知之。”高宗《日傍氣圖》曰：“日暈，有黃氣承之，得地，不出年中。”夏氏《日暈圖》曰：“日暈，有虹貫暈，不中日，戰從貫所擊之，勝；得小將。”夏氏《日暈圖》曰：“日暈，有白虹貫，從虹所擊，戰勝，破軍殺將。”《魏氏圖》曰：“日暈，有白虹七貫暈；以圍城，主人勝，城不拔。”《孝經內記》曰：“日暈，有氣如牛，入居暈；不出三日，寇入城。”

The Inner Record of the Classic of Filial Piety says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a red light passing through its center, with the end connected to white light, it indicates that ministers will plot against the sovereign. If the red color is thick, the plot will involve weapons; if the red color is faint, it will involve poison. If the color is dark and belongs to the yin, the plot will be hidden and not revealed, remaining unnoticed. The attributed work of King Gaozong of Yin, the Diagram of the Atmosphere near the Sun, says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a yellow light below supporting it, it indicates gaining the support of the land, and the fulfillment of the prophecy will not occur within this year. The Summer Family's Diagram of the Sun's Halo says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a rainbow passing through the halo but not crossing the sun itself, in battle one should attack in the direction of the rainbow, and will achieve victory, capturing enemy officers. The same book also says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a white rainbow passing through it, attacking in the direction of the rainbow will result in victory, breaking through the enemy's forces and killing their generals. The Wei Family's Diagram says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there are seven white rainbows passing through the halo, this is used to predict a siege, and the defending side will win, the city will not fall. The Inner Record of the Classic of Filial Piety says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a cloud shaped like an ox entering and staying within the halo, then within three days, enemy troops will enter the city.

京氏曰：“日暈不合，有雲如牛，在暈外來，入暈中；臣不服。”京氏曰：“日暈，有氣如毛羽，臨日不去，國有大兵憂。”高宗曰：“日暈，有四銳氣，如峰四出；國君亡。”高宗曰：“日暈，有錦文氣，潤色從外入者，有文書喜至；從中出者，王使出，喜事也；枯乾不明者，舉事憂。”王朔曰：“日暈，有錦文之氣在暈中，君欲遣使，文書大行；在錦文之氣在暈外，外文書來。”

Jing Fang said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo with a broken shape and there are clouds resembling a cow coming from outside the halo and entering it, this indicates that ministers will not obey the king's orders. Jing Fang also said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a mist-like appearance resembling feathers pressing against the sun and lingering for a long time, the country will face great military calamity. The attribution to Yin Gaozong says: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there are four sharp rays resembling mountain peaks extending in all directions, the king will die. Yin Gaozong also said: If the sun is surrounded by a halo and there are patterns resembling brocade, with a moist and lustrous color, moving from outside to inside, this indicates the arrival of official documents and good news; if they move from inside to outside, it signifies the king sending envoys, which is also a good omen; if the color is dry and unclear, there will be worries about the matters in hand. Wang Shuo said: If there is a brocade-like mist within the halo, it indicates the king intends to send envoys and issue many official documents; if the brocade-like mist is outside the halo, it signifies that official documents will be received from outside.

《五音候》曰：“日暈，氣如入，在暈中向日，中人受令；在暈外向日，外人受令；一曰使臣還，得其正色，有喜；不得，王氣有憂。”《五音候》曰：“日暈，氣如臥人，在暈上，其下破敗。”《五音候》曰：“臥人之氣在暈中，君有憂，臣暴死。”又曰：“日暈，臥人氣在暈外，臣有憂，憂主死。”

The "Five Sounds Manual" says: When the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a shape resembling a person (the character "入" should be "人"), if the shape faces the sun within the halo, it indicates that people within the city will receive orders; if the shape faces the sun outside the halo, it indicates that people outside the city will receive orders. Another interpretation says that if the shape resembles a person returning from a mission, the ruler will have joy if the shape is in the correct Five Phases, but if it is not in the correct Five Phases, the royal authority will be in trouble. The "Five Sounds Manual" also says: When the sun is surrounded by a halo and there is a shape resembling a person lying down, if the shape is above the halo, the area below the halo will suffer destruction. The same book also says: If the shape resembling a person lying down is within the halo, the ruler will have worries and the ministers will die suddenly. It also says: If the shape resembling a person lying down is outside the halo, the ministers will have worries, and the worry is about the death of the ruler.

魏氏曰：“日重暈，中赤外青，有臣謀，邪不成。”夏氏曰：“日重暈，攻城圍邑不拔；重暈，天下有立侯王，不乃拔城。”京氏曰：“日重暈，有德之君得天下。”石氏曰：“日暈，再重，其分戰有功。”《河圖帝覽嬉》曰：“日暈二重，其外青、中濁，不散。”《孝經內記》曰：“日有青暈二重者，其災在春內，女親用事，甲乙暈者所見之國，雕殺草木五穀，不出六十日中，有兵起。所見之處者用事弱亂，故日暈青，三年乃止。”

Wei said: When the Sun has two layers of halo, the inner one is red and the outer one is blue, it indicates that there are ministers and officials plotting rebellion, but their schemes will not succeed. Xia said: When the Sun has a double halo, it means that attacking cities and surrounding towns will not be successful; if there is a double halo, there will be the appointment of princes and kings, or alternatively, the capture of cities and towns. Jing Fang said: When the Sun has a double halo, it signifies the image of a virtuous ruler taking over the world. Shi Shen said: When there are two layers of solar halo, the region corresponding to the halo will have military success. The "Yellow River Chart: Emperor's View of Joy" said: When there are two layers of solar halo, the outer layer is blue and the middle layer is turbid, indicating that the halo will persist for a long time. The "Xiao Jing Nei Ji" said: When the Sun has two layers of blue halos, calamity will occur within the spring season, indicating that women from the imperial family will hold power. If the halo appears on the first or second day of the Heavenly Stem, the country corresponding to the halo will experience withering of grass, trees, and crops, and within sixty days, military conflict will arise. The place where this phenomenon occurs will have weak and confused rulers, so the solar halo appears blue and will last for three years.

石氏曰：“日有青暈，再重，主後親戚在內為亂，王者有憂。”（案洪範《五行傳》曰：周幽之敗也，日暈再重，中暈赤，外暈青，一黑盡上下通在日中，是歲有幽王之敗。）《孝經內記》曰：“日有黑暈二重，其災在冬月。”

Shi Shen said: The Sun has two layers of green halos, indicating that the queen's relatives are causing turmoil within the palace, and the king will have worries. The original commentary notes: The "Hongan Wuxing Transmission" says that in the year when King You of Zhou suffered defeat and perished, the Sun had two layers of halos, the inner one red and the outer one green, and there was also a black mist passing vertically through the center of the Sun. That year, the event of King You's defeat occurred. The "Xiaojing Neiji" says: If the Sun has two layers of black halos, calamity will occur in the winter months.

京房《日蝕占》曰：“日之將蝕也，五龍先見於日傍：青龍見於日左，以春蝕；赤龍見於日上，以夏蝕；黃龍見於日中央，以六月蝕；白龍見於日右，以秋蝕；黑龍見於日下，以冬蝕。欲候此龍見日蝕，法當以五寅日候之：春以甲寅，夏以丙寅，六月下旬以戊寅，秋以庚寅，冬以壬寅：此所謂五寅也。置盆水庭中，平旦至暮視之，則龍見。欲如何月？孟月以孟，仲月以仲，季月以季。欲如何日蝕？

Jing Fang's "Solar Eclipse Divination" says: When a solar eclipse is about to occur, there will first appear five dragon-like vapors around the sun: the Azure Dragon appears on the left side of the sun, indicating an eclipse in spring; the Vermilion Dragon appears above the sun, indicating an eclipse in summer; the Yellow Dragon appears in the center of the sun, indicating an eclipse in the sixth lunar month; the White Dragon appears on the right side of the sun, indicating an eclipse in autumn; the Black Dragon appears below the sun, indicating an eclipse in winter. To observe these five dragons and predict an eclipse, one should observe on the five "Yin" days: use Jiayin day for spring, Bingyin day for summer, Wuyin day for the lower half of the sixth lunar month, Gengyin day for autumn, and Renyin day for winter. This is called the "Five Yin" days. Place a basin of water in the courtyard and observe from morning until evening; the dragon-like forms will appear on the water's surface. To determine the month of the eclipse within a season, if the dragon appears in the first month, the eclipse will occur in the first month; if in the second month, in the second month; if in the third month, in the third month. To determine the day and hour of the eclipse, observe accordingly.

龍以上旬見，日以朔蝕：龍以下旬見，日以晦蝕：龍以日出，見以日出蝕：龍以日中見，以日中蝕：龍以晡時見，日經晡時蝕：龍以日入見，日以日入蝕。”《春秋合誠圖》曰：“日之將蝕，陽微陰漸，其城君蔽，臣恣，下壅塞，九引先出，日乃毀息。（陽，日也，君也，陰，月也，淅猶入也。君微弱，故陰氣入日，是主問蔽，臣下壅塞、君恩化使不施行也，九引先出，卒蝕日也。日將蝕破滅，必先氣引出見祥也。）

When the dragon appears in the upper half of the month, an eclipse occurs on the first day of the month; when the dragon appears in the lower half of the month, an eclipse occurs on the last day of the month; when the dragon appears at sunrise, the eclipse occurs at sunrise; when the dragon appears at noon, the eclipse occurs at noon; when the dragon appears at the time of bù (the hour of Shen), the eclipse occurs around that time; when the dragon appears at sunset, the eclipse occurs at sunset. The Spring and Autumn Syncretic Diagram says: When the sun is about to be eclipsed, it is because yang energy is waning and yin energy is infiltrating, the virtue of the ruler is obscured, ministers are unrestrained, and the people's grievances are blocked. First, nine paths of qi emerge, then the brightness of the sun is swallowed and the eclipse occurs. The original text's note says: Yang refers to the sun and also to the ruler; yin refers to the moon; "xī" is like "rù," meaning to enter. When the ruler is weak, yin energy enters the sun, meaning the ruler is obscured, ministers block the people's grievances, and the ruler's grace and teachings cannot be implemented. Before the eclipse occurs, nine paths of qi first emerge, and then the eclipse happens. When the sun is about to be eclipsed and becomes dark, it must first have qi extending out, revealing this omen.

常經以效類，垂萌法至尊、陽精魄。”（常經、垂萌，上十二月所祭者也。故冬至，夏至，入陽氣，陰注布貞以精明魄，權成其尊也。）《春秋感精符》曰：“日將蝕，必先青黃不卒，至漸消也。日光沉掩、皆月所掩毀傷：雌為政，伐其雄。”京氏曰：“日失魄者，將蝕：月失魄者，水：所謂失者，日光精移處若有兩日也。”《尚書璇璣鈐》曰：“北斗第一星，率色數赤不明，七日內日蝕。”《春秋感精符》曰：“日紫色出，二十日以上則蝕既，禍必合。”

The "Constant Rites" are verified by the principle of similar things influencing each other, and "Chu Meng" is based on the supreme position. Both are related to the yang essence and luminous spirit of the Sun. The original commentary says: "Constant Rites" and "Chu Meng" are the objects of worship in the twelfth month of each year. Therefore, at the time of the winter solstice and summer solstice, when yang energy enters and yin energy spreads out to stabilize, it is used to preserve the clarity and luminous spirit of the sun, and to measure and establish its exalted position. The "Spring and Autumn Records of the Essence and Spirit" states: When the sun is about to be eclipsed, it will first show a greenish-yellow color that remains for a long time, and then its brightness gradually diminishes. When the sunlight becomes dim and obscured, it is due to the moon blocking and injuring it: this is when the female (yin, concubine, minister) takes power, and reversely attacks the male (yang, sovereign). Jing Fang said: When the sun loses its luminous spirit, there will be an eclipse; when the moon loses its luminous spirit, there will be flooding disasters.the so-called "loss" refers to the refined energy of the sun's light moving out of place, appearing as if there are two suns. The "Book of Documents: Xuan Ji Qian" says: The color of the first star of the Big Dipper (Tian Shu) is generally red but not bright, and there will be an eclipse within seven days. The "Spring and Autumn Records of the Essence and Spirit" says: When the sun appears purple and lasts for more than twenty days, a total solar eclipse will occur, and disasters will surely follow.

石氏曰：“日月以二月、八月，出房南：過其度、其沖戶日月以晦蝕；出房北過其度、其沖，日月以朔蝕。”郗萌曰：“辰星受制，不見輿鬼，乃日蝕。”郗萌曰：“歲星、辰星，逆乘張左右角，皆為日蝕，國有大變。”《荊州占》曰：“諸日變皆旬望以上：旬十日、望十五日，其沖月，皆應當蝕。乃災成正月日色變，來七月日蝕是也。”韓楊曰：“熒惑南去列星間，從四舍以上，期百二十日日蝕，”

Shi Shen said: When the sun and moon pass through the Room mansion to the south in February and August, if they exceed the proper degree, then on the opposite position, the sun and moon will be eclipsed on the day of the new moon. If they pass through the Room mansion to the north and exceed the degree, then on the opposite position, the sun and moon will be eclipsed on the day of the old moon. Xi Meng said: If the water star is restrained and not visible in the Ghost mansion, there will be an eclipse of the sun. Xi Meng also said: If the Jupiter and the water star move in reverse and encroach upon the left and right angles of the Extended Net mansion, it indicates an eclipse of the sun and a great calamity in the country. The "Jingzhou Divination" said: The time when various solar phenomena occur is more than ten or fifteen days: one ten-day period is ten days, one full moon is fifteen days; when it reaches the month opposite to it, an eclipse of the sun will occur. For example, if the ominous signs appear in the first month as a change in the color of the sun, then in the seventh month an eclipse of the sun will occur, which is the principle behind this. Han Yang said: If the Mars moves southward beyond the space between the constellations, passing through four star dwellings, an eclipse of the sun will occur within a period of one hundred and twenty days.

《易萌氣樞》曰：“日夜蝕者，火中無影，言日當夜蝕；建八尺竹，視其下無影，蝕不可見，故以表候之耳。日所以夜蝕者，人君諱其過；臣下強，君不能制；見臣之惡，反以為善；見臣邪僻，反以為正直；故日夜蝕中陰過盛，陽道微，日夜蝕者，謀臣誅。”

The "Yi Meng Qi Shu" says: The so-called "day and night eclipse" refers to the situation where no shadow can be seen under the light of a lamp or candle, indicating that the Sun is being eclipsed at night. If a bamboo pole eight feet high is erected, there is no shadow beneath it—since the eclipse of the Sun at night cannot be seen with the naked eye, it must be measured with the gnomon. The Sun being eclipsed at night is because the ruler conceals his own faults; the ministers are powerful and the ruler cannot control them; when seeing the evil deeds of the ministers, he treats them as good; when seeing the ministers' perverse and improper behavior, he treats it as upright. Therefore, "day and night eclipse" is a sign of excessive Yin energy and declining Yang energy. When day and night eclipses occur, it indicates that ministers plotting rebellion will be executed.

《河圖帝覽嬉》曰：“日月赤黃無光．命曰薄；破毀傷，命曰蝕。”孟康子曰：“日月無光曰薄。”京房《易傳》曰：“日月不交而蝕，曰薄。”韋昭曰：“月氣往迫之，為薄。”京房《易傳》曰：“蝕皆於晦朔；有不於晦朔者，名曰薄。此人君誅不以理，賊臣漸舉兵而起，雖非日月同宿，時陰氣盛，猶掩薄日光也。”《釋名》曰：“日月虧；日蝕稍侵，虧如蟲食木也。”（按謝承《後漢書》曰：“江夏黃琬七歲，祖瓊為魏郡太守，梁太后詔問其日蝕之狀未能對。

The *Yellow River Chart* (*He Tu*) says: when the sun and moon appear red-yellow but without light, it is called "bo"; when the sun or moon has damage or deficiency, it is called "shi". Meng Kang says: when the sun and moon lose their light, it is called "bo". Jing Fang's *Book of Changes* says: when the sun and moon do not meet but there is a deficiency, it is called "bo". Wei Zhao says: when the moon's dark energy approaches and presses upon the sunlight, it is called "bo". Jing Fang's *Book of Changes* also says: solar eclipses occur only on the last day of the month and the first day of the month; if there is a deficiency not on these days, it is called "bo". This is because the ruler's punishments are unjust, and wicked ministers gradually rise up in rebellion; even though the sun and moon are not in the same night, the dark energy is strong enough to cover and press upon the sunlight. Liu Xi's *Shi Ming* says: when the sun and moon have deficiencies, solar eclipses are caused by gradual invasion and loss, and the deficiency is like insects boring into wood. The original text's note: Xie Cheng's *Later Han Book* records that Huang Wan, a seven-year-old boy from Jiangxi, his grandfather Huang Qiong served as the governor of Wei Jun. When the Empress Dowager Liang asked about the shape of a solar eclipse, Huang Qiong could not answer.

琬跪而曰：何不言日蝕之餘，如月之初。”）《穀梁傳》曰：“日有蝕之，吐者外壤，蝕者內壤，闕然不見，其壤有食之者也。”《毛詩》曰：“彼月而食，則惟其常此日而食，於何不臧。”《春秋考異郵》曰：“麟龍鬥，則日月蝕。”（按：《淮南鴻烈》曰：“麒麟斗日月蝕也。”）《五經通義》曰：“日蝕者，月往蔽之；君臣反不以道，故蝕。”《春秋漢含孽》曰：“臣子謀，日乃蝕。”（案檀道鸞《晉陽秋》曰：“孝武太元元年，十月辛亥，日有蝕之。

Huang Wan knelt by the side and said: Why not answer that the shape of the eclipsed sun is like the crescent moon at its first appearance? The "Guliang Commentary" says: When the sun is eclipsed, what is exposed is the outer part, and what is devoured is the inner part. The sun's disk is missing a portion and disappears, indicating that the missing part has been eaten by something. The "Mao Shi" says: When the moon is eclipsed, it is still a common occurrence; but when the sun is eclipsed, how ominous it is. The "Chunqiu Kaoyi You" says: When a qilin and a dragon fight, solar and lunar eclipses occur. The original commentary notes: The "Huainanzi Honglie" says that when a qilin fights, the sun and moon are eclipsed. The "Wujing Tongyi" says: A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes in front of the sun; it is due to the disorder between the ruler and the minister, which is against the Way. The "Chunqiu Han Nye" says: When a minister harbors schemes, the sun is eclipsed. The original commentary notes: Tan Daoluan's "Jingyang Qiu" records that on the tenth day of the first lunar month in the first year of Taoyuan of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty, a solar eclipse occurred.

時有張五虎、路六根等謀反，諸葛偘誘斬之，滅其凶黨。）《春秋運斗樞》曰：“人主自恣不循古，逆天暴物，禍起則日蝕。”《禮斗威儀》曰：“君喜怒無常，輕殺不辜，戮無罪，慢天地，忽鬼神，則日蝕。”《淮南子》曰：“君失其行，日薄蝕無光。”京房《易說》曰：“下侵上，則日蝕。”《河圖帝覽嬉》曰：“日蝕所宿，國主疾，貴人死；用兵者從蝕之面攻城取地。”《河圖》曰：“日三蝕，三雄謀；日四蝕，四夷謀。”《春秋感精符》曰：“再失陽事，則日蝕，謫見。”

At that time, Zhang Wuhu, Lu Liugen, and others conspired to rebel, and Zhuge Guo lured them out and killed them, thus eliminating this group of villains. The "Spring and Autumn Record of the Movement of the Stars" says: When a ruler indulges himself and does not follow ancient laws, violates the heavenly timing, and harms all things, calamity arises and an eclipse of the sun occurs. The "Rites of the Celestial Authority" says: When a ruler is unpredictable in his anger and joy, rashly kills the innocent, and executes those without guilt, and is disrespectful to heaven and earth and neglectful of spirits, an eclipse of the sun occurs. The "Huainanzi" says: When a ruler's actions are improper, the sun approaches and becomes eclipsed, losing its brightness. Jingfang's "Commentary on the Changes" says: When the lower violates the upper, an eclipse of the sun occurs. The "Yellow River Chart: The Emperor's Enjoyment of the World" says: When the sun is eclipsed, the star mansion where the sun resides has its corresponding kingdom's ruler suffering illness, and the nobleman dies; those who go to war should attack from the side where the eclipse occurs. The "Yellow River Chart" says: Three solar eclipses in a year indicate three strong figures each with their own schemes; four solar eclipses indicate the four directions of the barbarians each with their own schemes. The "Spring and Autumn Record of the Sensitive Spirits" says: When there are again instances of improper governance in the yang aspect on earth, an eclipse of the sun occurs, which is a manifestation of heaven's condemnation.

《春秋感精符》曰：“日蝕有三法；一曰妃黨恣，邪臣在側，日黃無澤，則日以晦蝕，其發必於眩惑。二曰偏任權並，大臣擅法，則日青黑，以二日蝕，其發必於酷毒。三曰宗黨犯命，威權害國，則日赤鬱怏無光色，則日以朔蝕，其發必行嫌隙。”班固《天文志》曰：“古人有言曰：天下太平，五星循度，無有逆行者；日不蝕塑，月不蝕望。”洪範《傳》曰：“日蝕必以朔，非朔為薄蝕。陰盛侵陽，其君凶，不出三年；日蝕皆蝕合朔，不理，臣下將起，則日蝕不以朔晦。”

The Spring and Autumn Annals: A Treatise on the Divine Symbols says that solar eclipses have three causes. The first is when the concubines' factions behave recklessly and corrupt ministers are close to the sovereign, at this time the sun appears yellow and lacks brightness, and a solar eclipse occurs on the last day of the month, calamity will certainly arise from the sovereign being misled. The second is when the sovereign relies on a single person and holds all power, and ministers act arbitrarily with the laws, at this time the sun appears dark blue, and a solar eclipse occurs on the second day of the month, calamity will certainly arise from cruelty and harm. The third is when the royal relatives' factions disobey the sovereign's orders and use their authority to harm the state, at this time the sun appears red and is dark and gloomy with no brightness, and a solar eclipse occurs on the first day of the month, calamity will certainly arise from mutual suspicion and discord. Ban Gu's Book of Han: Records of the Heavenly Phenomena says that ancients said, when the world is at peace, the five planets follow their normal paths and do not retrograde; solar eclipses do not occur on the first day of the month, and lunar eclipses do not occur on the full moon day. The Transmission of the Book of the Mandate of Heaven says: solar eclipses must occur on the first day of the month, those that occur on other days are called 'thin eclipses'. When yin qi prevails and invades yang qi, the sovereign will have misfortune, and the calamity will occur within three years. Solar eclipses normally occur when the sun and moon are in conjunction on the first day of the month, but if the government is unjust and ministers are about to rebel, solar eclipses will occur neither on the first day of the month nor on the last day of the month.

《春秋感精符》曰：“日之蝕，國絕也。”《春秋緯》曰：“君不聰聽，無知德威，今不嚴舒，懦為臣下所侵，則日光青赤，其後久旱，地動搖宮，陰氣盛，下臣太恣橫，陽精挑奪，日行失度，不得，則日月薄於晦，陽為臣所悅，故以晦日蝕之，失後也。”（案洪範《天文日月度占》曰：“春秋魯昭公二十四年夏五月乙未朔，日月有蝕之，周之五日建辰，今之三月也。魯趙分也，魯太師梓曰：將水叔孫昭子曰：旱也，夫日過春分而陽猶不勝陰，能無旱乎；是秋魯大旱。

The Spring and Autumn Annals: The Book of thesympathetic response of the Spirit says: When the sun is eclipsed, it is a sign that the state's fortune will be cut off. The Spring and Autumn Waijing says: If the ruler is unable to clearly discern and listen, does not understand how to bestow virtue and establish authority, and his decrees are neither strict nor lenient, weak and thus subject to infringement by ministers, the color of the sun will turn into a mixture of green and red. After this, there will be prolonged drought and earthquakes shaking the palaces. The yin forces become strong, and the ministers act recklessly and beyond bounds. The yang essence of the sun is disturbed and taken by the ministers, causing the sun's movement to lose its regular course and become irregular, leading to an eclipse of the sun and moon on the day of the new moon. Yang is taken by the ministers who flatter and control the ruler, so the eclipse occurs on the day of the new moon, which is a delayed response. The original commentary says: The Hongfan Astronomical and Celestial Phenomena Divination says that in the twenty-fourth year of Duke Zhao of Lu, in the summer of the fifth month on the day of the new moon, there was a solar eclipse. This was the fifth month of the Zhou calendar, with the star of the Dragon's Tail in the position of the Dragon's Head, equivalent to the third month in the current calendar. Lu was in the territory corresponding to Zhao. Lu's Grand Master Zi said this would indicate water disaster, while Duke Shu Sun Zhaozi said it would indicate drought. Since the sun had passed the spring equinox and the yang energy was still not able to overcome the yin energy, how could there not be drought? That year, Lu indeed experienced a severe drought in the autumn.

凡二至、二分日有蝕之，不為水災，大旱而已也。）《易萌氣樞》曰：“昭明蔽塞，政在臣下，親戚干朝，君不覺悟，即雜氣失以星奔，日蝕為咎。”（案《洪範五行傳》曰：“漢成帝建始三年冬十二月戊申朔日有食之，其夜未央殿地震，日在須女九度，占在皇后貴妾。其後皇后廢趙飛燕，姊妹亂官，皇子死，王氏專權。）《易通卦驗》曰：“日蝕則害命，王道傾側；故日蝕則正人主之過。

Whenever an eclipse occurs on the days of the four solar terms: Winter Solstice, Summer Solstice, Spring Equinox, and Autumn Equinox, it does not indicate water disasters, but only great drought. The book "Yi Meng Qi Shu" says: When brightness is blocked and obstructed, the government falls into the hands of ministers, relatives of the emperor interfere in state affairs, yet the emperor remains unaware. Thus, chaotic energies become disordered, stars lose their positions, and an eclipse becomes a sign of calamity. The original commentary notes: "Hong Fan Wu Xing Zhuan" states that in the third year of Jian Shi during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, on the winter twelfth month, on the first day of the month (Wu Shen), an eclipse occurred, and that night the earth trembled in the Weiyang Palace. The sun was at nine degrees in the mansion of Nuxu, and the divination text refers to the empress and favored concubine. After that, the empress was dismissed, Zhao Feiyan became favored, the Zhao sisters caused disorder in the palace, the prince died young, and the Wang clan, the maternal relatives, seized power. "Yi Tong Gua Xian" says: an eclipse will endanger the emperor's life and cause the Way of the King to tilt and collapse; thus, an eclipse is used to correct the emperor's mistakes.

《詩推度災》曰：“日蝕君傷。”（按檀道鸞《晉陽秋》曰：孝武大元二十年三月庚辰日有食之，二十一年九月庚申帝崩。）《詩含神霧》曰：“日之蝕，帝消。”（案袁宏《漢紀》曰：“安帝永初五年正月庚辰朔，日有蝕之，本志為正旦，王者聽朝之日也，鄧太后攝政，天子守虛位，不得行其號令，蓋陽不克之象也。《晉中興書》曰：“成帝咸和六年三月壬戌朔，日有食之，是時顯宗已長，幸司徒第，猶出入見王導夫人曹氏如子弟之禮。以人君而敬人臣之妻有虧君德。

The "Poetry of Divination of Calamities" says: When an eclipse occurs, the sovereign is harmed. The original commentary notes: Tan Daoluan's "Jinyang Spring" records that in the twentieth year of Emperor Xiaowu's Taoyuan reign in the Jin dynasty, on the third day of the third month, Gengchen, an eclipse occurred. In the twenty-first year of Taoyuan, on the ninth month, Gengshen, Emperor Xiaowu died. The "Poetry Containing Divine Mist" says: When the sun is eclipsed, the emperor suffers loss. The original commentary notes: Yuan Hong's "Han Records" states that in the fifth year of Emperor An's Yongchu reign, on the first day of the first month, Gengchen, an eclipse occurred. This record believes that the first day of the first month is the day when the sovereign governs and listens to court affairs. At that time, Deng太后 was ruling on behalf of the emperor, and the emperor was merely a figurehead, unable to implement his own decrees. This is an omen of yang being unable to overcome yin. The "Jin Zhongxingshu" says that in the sixth year of Emperor Cheng's Xianhe reign, on the first day of the third month, Renxu, an eclipse occurred. At that time, Emperor Cheng had already grown up, yet he still visited the residence of the Minister of State, entering and leaving to pay respects to Lady Cao, the wife of Wang Dao, still showing the respect due to a younger brother. A sovereign of high rank bowing to the wife of a minister is a loss of the sovereign's authority and virtue.

九年十月乙未朔，日有食之，是時顯宗冠，當親萬幾，而委政大臣，君道有虧也。”）《春秋潛潭巴》曰：“凡日蝕之敗，或地嘔血，或天雨蝗鳥旁，蜚龍群鬥，長人入宮，虎哭雉巢，列宿火，皆禍敗顯然之徵也。”《春秋潛潭巴》曰：“日蝕之後，必有亡國弒君，奔走乖離，相誅專政，擁主滅，兵車天下，昏亂，邦多郵。”（按洪範《天文志日月變占》曰：春秋魯昭公十五年夏，六月丁巳朔，日有食之。晉魯分也，後二年晉昭公九年，六卿專晉，三家擅魯，魯昭公奔之應也。

In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, on the tenth month, on the day of the new moon, another solar eclipse occurred. At that time, Emperor Cheng had already performed the coming-of-age ceremony, and should have personally managed state affairs, yet he entrusted the government to ministers, which was a failure in the way of a ruler. The "Spring and Autumn Secret Spring and Autumn" states: All the calamities caused by solar eclipses may manifest as blood gushing from the earth, or locusts and birds falling from the sky, or groups of dragons fighting, or unusually tall people entering the palace, or tigers howling and wild chickens nesting in trees, or fire appearing between the stars—these are all signs of impending disaster. The "Spring and Autumn Secret Spring and Autumn" also says: After a solar eclipse, there will certainly be events of the destruction of a state and the assassination of a king. People will flee and scatter, become estranged from each other, kill one another and seize power, hold the king hostage leading to the collapse of the state, war chariots rolling across the land, the world in chaos, and many states committing offenses and sins. The original text's marginal note says: The "Hydrological Plan" section of the "Celestial Phenomena" in the "Book of Documents" states that in the fifteenth year of Duke Zhao of Lu, in the summer of the sixth month, on the day of the new moon, a solar eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region was that of the state of Jin and Lu. Two years later, in the ninth year of Duke Zhao of Jin, the six ministers monopolized the power of Jin, and the three families dominated Lu, and Duke Zhao of Lu fled, which was the fulfillment of this solar eclipse.

洪範《五行傳》曰：“漢高帝三年冬十一月癸卯晦，日有食之。吳齊分也，後二年齊韓信徙封楚王，三年廢為侯而誅之應也。《晉中興書》曰：“太和三年三月丁巳，日有食之，五年七月癸酉日有食之，皆海西被廢之應也。《宋書天文志》曰：“晉元帝太興元年四月丁丑朔，日有食之。明帝大寧三年十一月癸巳朔，日有蝕之，在斗。斗吳分也，其後蘇峻作逆。安帝元興二年四月癸巳朔，日有食之。其冬桓玄篡位。）《春秋合誠圖》曰：“日蝕之，主見賊。”

A supplementary note cites the "Transmission of the Five Phases" from the "Hóngfàn" which says that in the winter of the third year of Emperor Gao of Han, on the last day of the eleventh month, on a Gui Mao day, an eclipse of the sun occurred, and its corresponding region was Wu and Qi. Two years later, King Han Xin of Qi was transferred to be the King of Chu, and in the third year he was demoted to the Marquis of Huaiyin and was executed, which was the fulfillment of the prediction. The "Jin Zhongxīng Shū" says that in the third year of Tahe of the废帝 (Emperor Sui of Jin), on the third day of the third lunar month, on a Ding Si day, an eclipse of the sun occurred; and in the fifth year of Tahe, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, on a Gui You day, another eclipse occurred, both of which were the fulfillment of the prediction of the deposition of the Prince Haixi (Emperor Sui). The "Sòng Shū · Tianwen Zhi" says that in the first year of Taixing of Emperor Yuan of Jin, on the fourth day of the fourth lunar month, on a Ding Chou day, an eclipse of the sun occurred; in the third year of Taining of Emperor Ming, on the eleventh day of the eleventh lunar month, on a Gui Si day, an eclipse occurred, located in the Dipper mansion, which is the corresponding region of Wu, and later Su Jun caused rebellion; in the second year of Yuanxing of Emperor An, on the fourth day of the fourth lunar month, on a Gui Si day, an eclipse occurred, and that year in winter, Huan Xuan usurped the throne. The "Chunqiu Hecheng Tu" says that when the sun is eclipsed, the ruler will encounter rebels.

《春秋保乾圖》曰：“日蝕，主行蔽明，壅塞；改身修政，乃黜不法。又曰：日蝕治亂。”《春秋公羊傳》曰：“日蝕，皆臣弒君，子弒父，夷狄侵中國之異。”（按洪範《天文志日月變占》曰：‘春秋魯莊公十八年春三月，日有食之，衛齊分也，後狄人減衛，齊桓公救而封之應也。二十六年冬十二月癸亥朔，日有食之，燕分也。其後山戎侵燕，齊桓救燕北至孤竹，平山戎之應也。三十年九月癸亥朔，日有食之，楚之分也；其後楚世子商臣殺其君父之應也。

The "Spring and Autumn Preservation of the Heaven Diagram" says: when an eclipse occurs, it is because the ruler's actions have obscured the virtue of illumination, and the communication between above and below is blocked; the ruler should examine himself, clarify his government affairs, and dismiss those who do not abide by the laws. It also says: eclipses are related to the distinction between order and chaos. The "Spring and Autumn Gongyang Commentary" says: all eclipses are omens of such anomalies as ministers killing their sovereigns, sons killing their fathers, and the barbarians invading the Central States. The original text's marginal note says: The "Heavenly Mandate" "Astronomical Records on the Changes of the Sun and Moon and Their Omens" says that in the eighteenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu in the Spring and Autumn period, in spring of the third month, an eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region was Wei and Qi; later the Di people destroyed Wei, and Duke Huan of Qi sent troops to rescue it and re-established the territory of Wei, which was the fulfillment of the omen. In the twenty-sixth year of Duke Zhuang, in winter of the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, which was the day of Guihai, an eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region was Yan; later the Shanrong people invaded Yan, and Duke Huan of Qi rescued Yan, marched north and reached Guzhu, and pacified the Shanrong, which was the fulfillment of the omen. In the thirtieth year of Duke Zhuang, in September, on the first day of the month, which was the day of Guihai, an eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region was Chu; later the太子 Shangchens of Chu killed his sovereign father, Duke Cheng of Chu, which was the fulfillment of the omen.

魯文公元年春二月癸亥朔，日有食之，齊分也；後十一年間狄三侵齊，十四年昭公卒，其弟公子商人殺其君凡子而自立，四年齊人殺之，大亂之應。十五年六月辛丑朔，日有食之，晉分也；此正陽純乾之月，陰氣未起而能侵陽，其災最重；明年晉趙穿殺其君靈公，而周匡王崩之應也。魯襄公二十一年秋九月庚戌朔，日有食之，楚分也；後十二年楚公子圍殺其君兄而自立之應也。韋昭《漢紀》曰：‘光武十七年二月日有食之，二十年五月朔，虜數犯上黨，銅閛右扶風。

In the first year of Duke Lu Wen Gong, in spring, second month, on the first day of the month, which was Guihai, an eclipse of the sun occurred, and its corresponding region belonged to Qi. After this, within the next eleven years, the Di people invaded Qi three times. In the fourteenth year of Duke Wen Gong, Duke Zhao of Qi died, and his younger brother, Prince Shangyan, killed the king and took the throne. Four years later, the people of Qi killed him again, which was the fulfillment of great disorder. In the fifteenth year of Duke Wen Gong, in June, on the first day of the month, which was Xinchou, an eclipse of the sun occurred, and its corresponding region belonged to Jin. June is the month of pure Heaven and乾, and the Yin energy should not have risen yet, but it was able to invade the Yang energy, so this omen was the most severe. The following year, Zhao Chuan of Jin killed Duke Ling of Jin, and King Zhou Kuangwang died, which was its fulfillment. In the twenty-first year of Duke Xiang Gong, in autumn, ninth month, on the first day of the month, which was Gengxu, an eclipse of the sun occurred, and its corresponding region belonged to Chu. Twelve years later, Prince Wuwei of Chu killed his elder brother, Jiaao, and took the throne as Duke Ling of Chu, which was its fulfillment. Wei Zhao's "Han Ji" says: In the seventeenth year of Jianwu of Han Guangwu, in February, an eclipse of the sun occurred. In the twentieth year of Jianwu, in May, on the first day of the month, another eclipse of the sun occurred. After this, the Hu people repeatedly invaded Shangdang, and their forces reached Tongyao and Youfeng.

二十一年匈奴大入上谷郡之應是也。）《洛書》曰：“日蝕復生者，日光復故也，後日蝕生地擊敵破之。”《荊州占》曰：“日蝕之下，有破國大戰，將軍死，有賊兵。”（按洪範《天文日月變占》曰：‘魯成公十六月丙寅朔，日有食之，晉分也；是月魯侯伐鄭，戰於鄢陵，楚師大敗，恭王傷目，將軍子反死之，昔侯時豫而驕，多殺大臣，明年晉大夫樂書中行偃遂殺厲公，大亂之應也。）

In the 21st year of Jianwu, the Xiongnu launched a large-scale invasion into Shanggu Commandery, which was the fulfillment of this solar eclipse. The Luo Writing says: after a solar eclipse, the light is restored, meaning the sun returns to its original state; afterwards, one should raise an army at the place where the eclipse occurred, attack the enemy and defeat them. The Jingzhou Divination says: the area covered by the solar eclipse will experience a great battle where a country is destroyed, a general dies in battle, and there is rebellion by bandits. The original commentary notes: The Hongfan Astronomical and Celestial Phenomena Divination says that in the sixteenth year of Duke Cheng of Lu (the original text says 'sixteenth month', missing one character), on the first day of the sixth month, a solar eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region was Jin; during that month, Duke of Lu led his army to attack Zheng, and the two armies fought at Yancheng. The Chu army suffered a great defeat, and King Gong of Chu was injured in his eye. The general Zi Fan died as a result. At that time, Duke of Jin (the original text mistakenly says 'Xi Duke') was indulgent and arrogant, killing too many ministers. The next year, the Jin minister Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan killed Duke Li, which was the fulfillment of great chaos.

《洛書》曰：“日蝕不祥，善惡各為其國。”（按《左氏傳》曰：昭公七年，夏四月甲辰朔，日有食之。晉侯問於士，文伯曰：誰將當日食？對曰：魯衛惡之，衛大魯小。公曰何故？對曰去衛地如魯地。杜注曰：衛地豕韋也，魯地降婁也，日食自於豕韋之末及降婁之始乃息，故禍在衛大，在魯小也。《傳》曰：於是有災，魯實受之其大咎，其衛君乎？魯將工卿注曰：八月衛候卒；十一月季孫宿卒。

The Luo Writing says: an eclipse of the sun is an omen of ill fortune, with good or bad fortune depending on the country it corresponds to. A note in the original text says: According to the Zuo Zhuan, in the seventh year of Duke Zhao of Lu, in the fourth month of summer, on the first day of the month, which was Jiachen, there was an eclipse of the sun. Duke Jing of Jin asked the scholar Shi Wenbo: which country will be affected by this eclipse? Shi Wenbo replied: Lu and Wei will suffer, with Wei suffering more severely and Lu suffering less. Duke Jing asked why, and the reply was: because this eclipse moved from the territory of Wei to that of Lu. Du Yu's commentary says: the territory corresponding to Wei is Shiwei, and that of Lu is Jianglou; this eclipse began at the end of Shiwei and ended at the beginning of Jianglou, so the calamity was greater on Wei and lighter on Lu. The Zuo Zhuan also says: therefore there will be disaster, and Lu will indeed suffer, but the greater blame will probably fall upon the king of Wei. Lu will lose its ministers. Du Yu's commentary says: that year in August, the king of Wei died, and in November, the minister Ji Sun Xu of Lu died.

又洪範《天文日月變占》曰：‘魯僖公五年秋九月戊申朔，日有食之，楚周之分也；其後楚莊王觀兵於周疆，有問鼎之應。’洪範《五行傳》曰：“漢高帝三年冬十月甲戌晦、日有食之，燕吳越分也，後二年燕王滅茶反，誅；復以盧綰為燕王，亦反，誅。南越王趙佗自立稱帝之應也。）《洛書》：“日月蝕當用兵擊之，君安。日月蝕不可出軍；日蝕之歲，不可出軍；月蝕之月，不可出軍。”甘氏曰：“無道之國，日月過之薄蝕。兵之所攻，國家亡；又以有喪。”

Again, the "Heavenly Mandate" section on "Celestial Phenomena and Divination of Solar and Lunar Eclipses" states: In the fifth year of Duke Xi of Lu, in autumn, the ninth month, on the first day of the month (Wushen), a solar eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region belonged to Chu and Zhou; afterwards, King Cheng of Chu stationed his troops at the border of Zhou and questioned Wang Sunman about the weight of the Nine Tripods, which was its fulfillment. The "Five Phases Transmission" of the "Heavenly Mandate" says: In the third year of Emperor Gao of Han, in winter, the tenth month, on the last day of the month (Jiaxu), a solar eclipse occurred, and its corresponding region belonged to Yan, Wu, and Yue; two years later, Prince Zang Tu of Yan (the original text mistakenly writes 'Mie Chai') rebelled and was executed, and Liu Wan was appointed as the King of Yan instead, who also rebelled and was executed; King Zhao Tuo of Nan Yue proclaimed himself emperor, which were all fulfillments. The "Luo Writing" says: When the sun or moon is eclipsed, one should take advantage of the opportunity to attack and thus preserve the ruler's position. It also says that when the sun or moon is eclipsed, one must not attack; one must not launch military campaigns in the year of a solar eclipse or in the month of a lunar eclipse. Gan De says: In an unvirtuous state, when the sun or moon passes through its corresponding region, it will be eclipsed; where military conflict occurs, the state will perish, and there will also be other calamities.

甘氏曰：“日，陽精之明耀，魄寶其氣，佈德而至，生本在地，曰德。德者，生之類也，德傷則亡，故日蝕必有國災，日蝕則失德之國亡。日蝕，修德。”甘氏曰：“日薄，色赤黃，其月旱。”京房《妖占》曰：“日蝕，無道之君當之。”京氏曰：“外交之蝕，蝕旦不虧，虧而地猶明，是外謀也。”京氏曰：“專政之蝕，日明缺至，陽雖侵，光猶明，是司馬舉兵欲起。”京氏曰：“日蝕，諸侯相侵；白、青、明，君弱。”京氏曰：“日蝕，國有兵，大戰從西方來，勝。”

Gan De said: The sun is the brightness and prestige of the yang essence, its light and spirit contain its vital energy, spreading benevolence and descending upon the human world; the fundamental basis for the growth of all things lies in the earth, which is called "de." "De" belongs to the category of nurturing and fostering; when "de" is harmed, the vitality is lost, so solar eclipses must bring calamity to the state, and a solar eclipse signifies that a state lacking virtue will perish; when a solar eclipse occurs, the ruler should cultivate virtue. Gan De also said: When the sun is partially obscured and its color appears reddish-yellow, it indicates a drought in the month. Jing Fang's "Yao Zhan" said: A solar eclipse signifies that an unjust ruler will bear the consequences. Jing Fang said: What is called "external conspiracy eclipse" is when the eclipse occurs in the early morning and the sun's disc does not show any damage, although it is deficient, the ground remains bright, indicating that there are people plotting outside. Jing Fang also said: What is called "exclusive power eclipse" is when the sunlight is bright and the deficiency comes immediately, even though the yang energy is invaded, the light remains bright, indicating that the military commander will raise an army to revolt. Jing Fang also said: A solar eclipse indicates that the feudal lords will attack each other; if the sunlight is white or blue and bright, it indicates the ruler's weakness. Jing Fang also said: A solar eclipse indicates that there will be military conflict within the country, and during a great battle, the side attacking from the west will win.

京氏曰：“日蝕，王為君蝕，相為臣蝕，囚為罪人蝕，死為夷狄蝕。休為民，有兵；其兵從陰所來，日蝕後必通水，在陰所來；在於三年之內，又必有火燒屋。”（按韋昭《洞紀》曰：漢和帝永元二年二月日食，三年，左校尉耿夔等征匈奴，戰破之。安帝元初三年日蝕；京師旱，武陵蠻夷燒官寺。桓帝永康元年日食，渤海水溢，殺人。十二月丁丑帝崩。

Jing Fang said: When an eclipse occurs, if the current qi is in the position of "Wang" (sovereignty) among the Five Phases, the calamity should fall upon the ruler; if in the position of "Xiang" (minister), it should fall upon the ministers; if in the position of "Qiu" (captivity), it should fall upon the criminals; if in the position of "Si" (death), it should fall upon the barbarians; if in the position of "Xiu" (rest), it should fall upon the common people, and there will be military conflict, with the military disaster coming from the direction of the yin qi. After an eclipse, there will certainly be a great flood, also coming from the direction of the yin qi; within three years, there will certainly be a fire that destroys houses. The original commentary notes: Wei Zhao's "Dong Ji" records that in the second month of the second year of Emperor He of Han's Yongyuan era, there was an eclipse. In the third year, General耿Kui and others went out to attack the Xiongnu and defeated them. In the third year of Yuanchou of Emperor An's reign, there was an eclipse, and the capital experienced a severe drought, with the Wuling barbarians burning government offices. In the first year of Yongkang of Emperor Huan's reign, there was an eclipse, and the sea in Bohai overflowed, drowning people. In this same month of December, the Dingchou day, Emperor Huan died.

孫盛《晉陽秋》曰：武帝太康七年正月甲寅朔，日有食之，乙卯又食；詔曰：邦之不滅，實在朕躬；公卿大臣，極言其失，太尉亮、司徒舒、司空馞上言曰：三朔之始，日有食之。蓋陽即過，而墜冰未消；謹按經義曰：君道也；父道也；夫道也；君子道也；陽勝陰，陽氣之常：今丞不消，陰氣盛；陰盛者，臣擅主權也；孝道不修也；後宮過度，小人在位也。後八年正月戊申朔，日又食，太熙元年而武帝崩之應也。）劉向《洪範傳》曰：“日之為異，莫重於蝕；春秋日蝕則書之也。

A note continues to cite Sun Sheng's "Jinyang Spring and Autumn": In the first month of the seventh year of Tai Kang of Emperor Wu of Jin, on the first day of the month Jiayin, an eclipse of the sun occurred. The next day, Yimao, another eclipse took place. Emperor Wu issued an edict saying that the country's unrest was entirely my own fault, and he asked the ministers to freely point out his mistakes. The Grand Tutor (Simawang) Liang, the Grand Tutor (Weifushu) Shu, and the Grand Master of Works "Bo" (a person's name with a possible error in the original text) submitted a memorial stating: The first day of the first month is the beginning of the year, month, and day. However, an eclipse occurred on that day. At this time, yang energy should have already been flourishing, yet the fallen ice had not yet melted. According to the principles of the classics, yang represents the way of the sovereign, father, husband, and the gentleman. The dominance of yang over yin is the normal state of yang energy. Now, the ice has not melted, indicating that yin energy is strong. Strong yin energy signifies that ministers are usurping the sovereign's power, filial piety is neglected, the imperial harem is overstepping the law, and petty men are occupying high positions. Later, in the first month of the eighth year of Tai Kang, on the first day of the month Wushen, another solar eclipse occurred. By the time of Taixi Year One, when Emperor Wu died, this was fulfilled. Liu Xiang's "Hongfan Transmission" says: Among the strange phenomena of the sun, none is more serious than a solar eclipse. Therefore, the "Spring and Autumn Annals" always records such events.

日蝕者，下凌上，臣侵君之象也。日蝕數者，其亂眾；稀者，亂亦稀。”《洪範傳》曰：“人君失序，享國不明，臣下務亂，君陰蔽陽，則日月薄蝕，汶暗暗昧；若蝕從中起，背、= 縱橫，則亂交爭，兵革並行。”《史記天官書》曰：“諸侯作亂，日蝕盡時。”夏氏曰：“日蝕出軍，軍折傷，後疾病。”《荊州占》曰：“日蝕當其國，君王死。”（按韋昭《洞紀》曰：‘周平王五十一年日食，三月平王崩。’

A solar eclipse symbolizes a subordinate overpowering a superior, and a minister encroaching upon the sovereign. The more frequent the solar eclipses, the more numerous the calamities; the fewer the solar eclipses, the fewer the calamities. The "Hóng Fàn Chuán" says: when the sovereign loses the order of the principles, and possesses the state but cannot illuminate it, the ministers conspire in disorder, and the sovereign is obscured by yin qi, losing his yang virtue. Thus the sun and moon will be partially obscured, and the world will be in darkness and confusion. If the eclipse begins from the center of the sun's disc, it indicates that the "back" qi and the curved deficient qi (the original text is missing at this point) intersect, which signifies that calamities will contend with each other, and wars will break out simultaneously. The "Shi Ji · Tian Gao Shu" says: when the princes raise armies in rebellion, it will be indicated by a total solar eclipse. Xia Shi says: to launch an army during a solar eclipse will result in the loss of soldiers and casualties, and after that, an epidemic will follow. The "Jingzhou Zhuan" says: if a solar eclipse occurs in the area corresponding to a certain state, the king of that state will die. The original commentary notes: Wei Zhao's "Dong Ji" says that in the fifty-first year of King Ping of Zhou, a solar eclipse occurred in March, and King Ping died that month.

洪範《天文志日月變占》曰：‘高帝九年六月乙未晦，日，日有食之，周秦分也，是時漢都長安，都東及洛陽為畿內。明年四月高帝崩。’韋昭《洞紀》曰：‘漢文帝二年十一月晦，日食，帝引咎責躬，舉直言，省莕費，闢籍田，除誹謗妖言之罪。文帝后四年四月晦，日食，七年六月已亥帝崩。哀帝元年正月辛丑朔，日有食之，不盡如鉤，明年哀帝崩。’晉《中興書》曰：愍帝建興五年十一月先晦，二日丙子，日有食之，十二月愍帝崩於虜庭。

The *Hóng Fàn* *Tianwen Zhi* *Riyue Bian Zhan* says: In the ninth year of Emperor Gao of Han, in June, on the day of the new moon (Yiwei), an eclipse of the sun occurred, and its area of influence belonged to the states of Zhou and Qin; at that time, the Han dynasty had its capital at Chang'an, and the area east of the capital, including Luoyang, was considered part of the inner territory. The next year, in April, Emperor Gao died. Wei Zhao's *Dongji* says: In the second year of Emperor Wen of Han, in November, on the day of the new moon (Bingzi), an eclipse of the sun occurred, and Emperor Wen took blame upon himself, opened up channels for frank speech, reduced expenditures, opened up the field for plowing and personally tilled the land, and abolished the crime of slander and defamation. In the fourth year of Emperor Wen's later years, in April, on the day of the new moon (Yiwei), another solar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year of Emperor Wen's later years, in June, on the day of the new moon (Jihai), Emperor Wen died. In the first year of Emperor Ai of Han, in January, on the day of the new moon (Xinchou), a solar eclipse occurred, with the sun's disk partially obscured, shaped like a hook. The next year, Emperor Ai died. The *Jin Zhongxingshu* says: In the fifth year of Emperor Min of Jin's Jianxing era, in November, on the day two days before the new moon (Bingzi), a solar eclipse occurred. In December, Emperor Min died in the court of the Hu people.

咸康八月正月乙未朔，日有食之，京都大雨，郡國以聞，是謂三朝王者惡之，六月而顯宗崩。昇平四年八月辛丑朔，日有食之，畿既在角，為天門，人主惡之，明年孝宗崩也。’）《洛書》曰：“日蝕，從所蝕利擊敵也。”王朔曰：“日蝕，兩敵相當，即從蝕所擊之，大勝殺將。”

In the eighth year of Xiankang (the original text says "the eighth month of Xiankang"), on the first day of the first lunar month, which was Yiwei, a solar eclipse occurred. The capital city experienced heavy rain, and all the commanderies and states reported this event. The first day of the first lunar month is the day when the year, month, and day all align, and the king particularly avoids solar eclipses on this day. The emperor died in the same year in June. In the fourth year of Shengping, on the first day of the eighth lunar month, which was Xinchou, a solar eclipse occurred. The area completely eclipsed was in the Horn mansion, which is the position of the heavenly gate, and the ruler particularly feared this. The next year, the emperor died. The Luo Writing says: when a solar eclipse occurs, it is most advantageous to attack the enemy from the side that is eclipsed. Wang Shuo says: when two enemies are facing each other during a solar eclipse, one should attack the enemy from the direction of the eclipse, which can lead to a great victory and the killing of the enemy general.